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여성 청소노동자의 노동조건과 작업장 배제에 관한 연구 - 초·중·고등학교 환경미화원을 중심으로
최나현 ( Choi¸ Nahyun ),김영 ( Kim¸ Young ) 부산대학교 여성연구소 2021 여성학연구 Vol.31 No.1
이 연구는 2018년 9월 교육공무직(무기계약직) 지위를 얻은 A시교육청 산하 공립학교 여성 청소노동자의 노동조건과 노동경험을 분석해, 공무직 전환이 저임금과 차별적 대우를 시정하지 못함을 발견했다. 첫째, 교육공무직 청소노동자의 노동조건이 용역노동자의 노동조건보다 열악했으며, 단시간 노동으로 인한 소득불안정과 노동강도 강화가 심각하다. 둘째, 학교 간 차이를 고려치 않은 1교1인 배치 규정은 청소노동자의 노동량이 학교에 따라 몇 배나 차이가 나게 만들어 일부 청소노동자의 노동 강도를 극단적으로 높인다. 셋째, ‘방학 중 비근무’ 방침은 청소노동자가 방학 중에는 임금을 받을 수 없게 해 소득불안정을 심화한다. 마지막으로 1교1인 배치원칙 하에 청소노동자들은 혼자서 고립되어 자신의 노동조건에 대한 평가조차 불가능한 총체적 유령화를 경험하고 있다. 그 결과 교육공무직 중에서도 청소노동자의 처우가 가장 열악하다. ‘1교1인 배치’ 규정과 ‘방학 중 비근무’ 방침은 노동현장의 현실에 둔감한 행정편의주의로 청소노동자를 고립시킨다. 이와 같은 발견은 소수성과 고립성이 청소노동자가 저학력 중고령 여성으로서 경험하는 교차적 차별을 더욱 악화시키는 요인이 됨을 시사한다. 주변부 노동자의 노동조건이 실질적으로 개선되려면 형식적 고용안정성의 확보만으로 부족하다. 생활 가능한 임금 및 차별과 불평등 시정을 위한 노력이 수반되어야 하며, 나아가 고립과 유령화를 극복하기 위한 집합적 목소리와 사회적 인정이 필요하다. This study reviews the working condition and exclusion experience of women school sweeper at public schools in Busan, which became “unlimited contract workers (Gyoyukgongmujik)” in September 2018. We find that discrimination against women school sweeper and low pay didn’t change although their job security improved by labor contract transfer. Especially “One School-One Person” rule and “no work during vacation” policy have the effect of isolating school sweeper from the work place and reducing their income whereas the education authorities saves labor costs. Under such a condition women school sweeper were treated like a ghost which their presence and labor were not recognized. The findings of this study suggest that, in order to improve the working conditions of periphery workers, not only job security, but also living wage and effort to correct discrimination and inequality. At the same time, it implies that improving the working conditions of women workers in the dead-end jobs requires collective voice and social recognition to overcome isolation and “making ghost”.
Characterization of a recombinant endo-type alginate lyase (Alg7D) from Saccharophagus degradans.
Kim, Hee Taek,Ko, Hyeok-Jin,Kim, Nahyun,Kim, Duwoon,Lee, Dongho,Choi, In-Geol,Woo, Hee Chul,Kim, Myoung Dong,Kim, Kyoung Heon Kluwer Academic Publishers 2012 Biotechnology letters Vol.34 No.6
<P>A gene, alg7D, from Saccharophagus degradans, coding for a putative alginate lyase belonging to the family of polysaccharide lyase-7, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The properties of the recombinant Alg7D were characterized. The enzyme endolytically depolymerized alginate by 관-elimination into oligo-alginates with degrees of polymerization of 2-5. Its activity was maximal at 50°C and pH 7 and was slightly increased in the presence of Na(+). The K(M), V(max), k(cat), and k(cat)/K(M) values were: 3 mg ml(-1), 6.2 U mg(-1), 1.9 ?? 10(-2) s(-1), and 6.3 ?? 10(-3) mg(-1 )ml s(-1), respectively.</P>
단일 세포 RNA 시퀀싱 데이터의 세포 유형 식별 방법 비교
Nahyun Kim,Minsu Kim,Hanbyeol Kim,Joongho Lee,Seokhyun Yoon 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2021 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.05
단일 세포 RNA 시퀀싱은 세포 하나의 유전자 발현량을 측정하는 기술이다. 전체 세포에 대한 유전자 발현을 평균으로 하는 Bulk 시퀀싱과 달리 단일 세포에서 유전자 발현을 측정하는 기술이며, 특정 조직의 면역세포 분포에 관한 연구, 암 조직을 구성하는 세포들의 유형 연구 등, 다양한 연구 분야에 이용될 수 있다. 하지만, 단일 세포 RNA 시퀀싱 기술에서 얻어진 데이터는 세포의 유형이 구분되어 있지 않으며, 세포 유형을 식별하는 방법이 필요하다. 이를 위한 다양한 방법과 소프트웨어가 개발되었다. 그러나 실제 세포 유형을 올바르게 식별하는 것은 여전히 어려운 일이다. 본 논문에서는 이미 잘 알려진 소프트웨어들을(scSorter, SCINA) 이용하여 세포 유형 예측성능을 비교하였다.
Cytotoxic 6-Alkylsalicylic Acids from the Endophytic Streptomyces laceyi
Kim, Nahyun,Shin, Jin Chul,Kim, Woncheol,Hwang, Bang Yeon,Kim, Beom Seok,Hong, Young-Soo,Lee, Dongho Nature Publishing Group 2006 The Journal of Antibiotics Vol.59 No.12
<P>Two new 6-alkylsalicylic acids, salaceyins A and B were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation from the culture of the endophytic Streptomyces laceyi MS53 and their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data. Salaceyins A and B exhibited modest cytotoxicity against a human breast cancer cell line (SKBR3) with IC50 values of 3.0 and 5.5 microg/ml, respectively.</P>
Kim, Won-Serk,Kim, Wang-Kyun,Choi, Nahyun,Suh, Wonhee,Lee, Jinu,Kim, Dae-Duk,Kim, Ikyon,Sung, Jong-Hyuk The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.3
In a previous study, we have demonstrated that S-methylmethionine sulfonium (SMMS) confers wound-healing and photoprotective effects on the skin, suggesting that SMMS can be used as a cosmetic raw material. However, it has an unpleasant odor. Therefore, in the present study, we synthesized odor-free SMMS derivatives by eliminating dimethyl sulfide, which is the cause of the unpleasant odor and identified two derivatives that exhibited skin-protective effects: one derivative comprised (2S,4S)- and (2R,4S)-2-phenylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and the other comprised (2S,4R)-, (2S,4S)-, (2R,4R)-, and (2R,4S)-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazinane-4-carboxylic acid. We performed in vitro proliferation assays using human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) and an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The two SMMS derivatives were shown to increase hDF and HaCaT cell proliferation as well as improve their survival by protecting against ultraviolet exposure. Moreover, the derivatives regulated the expression of collagen type I and MMP mRNAs against ultraviolet exposure in hDFs, suggesting that these derivatives can be developed as cosmetic raw materials.
( Won-serk Kim ),( Wang-kyun Kim ),( Nahyun Choi ),( Wonhee Suh ),( Jinu Lee ),( Dae-duk Kim ),( Ikyon Kim ),( Jong-hyuk Sung ) 한국응용약물학회 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.3
In a previous study, we have demonstrated that S-methylmethionine sulfonium (SMMS) confers wound-healing and photoprotective effects on the skin, suggesting that SMMS can be used as a cosmetic raw material. However, it has an unpleasant odor. Therefore, in the present study, we synthesized odor-free SMMS derivatives by eliminating dimethyl sulfide, which is the cause of the unpleasant odor and identified two derivatives that exhibited skin-protective effects: one derivative comprised (2S,4S)- and (2R,4S)-2-phenylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and the other comprised (2S,4R)-, (2S,4S)-, (2R,4R)-, and (2R,4S)-2-phenyl-1,3- thiazinane-4-carboxylic acid. We performed in vitro proliferation assays using human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) and an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The two SMMS derivatives were shown to increase hDF and HaCaT cell proliferation as well as improve their survival by protecting against ultraviolet exposure. Moreover, the derivatives regulated the expression of collagen type I and MMP mRNAs against ultraviolet exposure in hDFs, suggesting that these derivatives can be developed as cosmetic raw materials.
Han, Songhee,Hanh Nguyen, Thi Thanh,Hur, Jaewon,Kim, Nahyun M.,Kim, Seong-Bo,Hwang, Kyeong-Hwan,Moon, Young-Hwan,Kang, Choongil,Chung, Byoungsang,Kim, Young-Min,Kim, Tae Sung,Park, Jun-Seong,Kim, Doma Elsevier 2017 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.103 No.-
<P>Astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Ast) is a kind of flavonoid known to have anti-oxidant, anti-HIV, anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It has low solubility in water. In this study, novel astragalin galactosides (Ast-Gals) were synthesized using beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans and reaction conditions were optimized to increase the conversion yield of astragallin. Purified Ast-Gal1 (11.6% of Ast used, w/w) and Ast-Gal2 (6.7% of Ast used, w/w) were obtained by medium pressure chromatography (MPLC) with silica C-18 column and open column packed with Sephadex LH-20. The structures of Ast-Gal1 and Ast-Gal2 were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to be kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 6)-beta-D-galactopyranoside and kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 -> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, respectively. The water solubility of Ast, Ast-Gal1, and Ast-Gal2 were 28.2 +/- 1.2 mg/L, 38,300 +/- 3.5 mg/L, and 38,800 +/- 2.8 mg/L, respectively. The SC50 value (the concentration required to scavenge 50% of the ABTS.+) of Ast, Ast-Gal1, and Ast-Gal2 were 5.1 +/- 1.6 mu M, 6.5 +/- 0.4 mu M, and 4.9 +/- 1.1 mu M, respectively. The IC50 values (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) of Ast, Ast-Gal1, and Ast-Gal2 against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were 171.0 +/- 1.2 mu M, 186.0 mu M, and 139.0 +/- 0.2 mu M, respectively.</P>