하부장관 수술에서 U형 봉합침을 사용한 갬비식 장관문합

전태용,오남건 대한대장항문학회 1998 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.14 No.1

외국어 문법 교육의 주요 쟁점 : 한국에서의 외국어로서 영어와 한국어를 중심으로 with Reference to English and Koraen as Foreign Languages in the Korean Context

박남식 연세대학교 한국어학당 2002 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.27 No.-

Teaching Korean as a Foreign Language, 27, 49∼82. Our discussion here focuses on some major theoretical issues of practical relevance to the teaching of grammar, especially as it relates to English and Korean as non-native languages in the Korean context. Our assumption throughout the paper is that what we have learned from our experience with the teaching of English grammar in Korea can be positively transferred mutatis mutandis to the teaching of Korean grammar to non-native speakers of the language. We lead off with a look at the relevance of contrastive/error analyses and language acquisition research, followed by an examination of other issues posed by such dichotomies as: conceptualized vs. isolated grammar, descriptive vs. prescriptive grammar, inductive vs. deductive grammar, performance vs. competence grammar, spoken-vs. written-language grammar, low- vs. high-intelligibility grammar, and learner- vs. teacher-friendly grammar. Based on our discussion of these issues, we suggest that teachers of(English and Korean grammars as) non-native grammars adopt an eclectic approach, which not only incorporates results of contrastive/error analyses and language-acquisition research but also balances the two opposing sides of each of the dichotomic issues discussed. (Seoul National University)

의문문의 DO-Support

조남호 忠州大學校 2005 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.40 No.2

In this paper I discussed the origin and introduction of periphrastic DO in English questions. I argued that DO X, which was first inrtoduced by the influence of French Italic In the South-Western dialet in the late 13th century, was the origin of Modem English periphrastic DO. The introducton of periphrastic DO is closely related to e loss of Verb Movement in Early Modem English. In Old and Middle English, the main verb raised to INFL or C, but English lost its overt V-raising ability in Early Modem English. The scope of verb Movement is determined by morphological Properties of INFL. Weak INFL cannot attract a heavy element such as a main verb, though it can attract a light element such as an auxiliary, while strong INFL attracts any element. INFL is argued to be strong only if there are plural markings overt and different from singular ones. The loss of V-raising resulted from the changes of morphological features. INFL in OE was rich enough morphologically to attract a hen element such as main verb. Strong features of OE INFL remained unchanged in Middle English. In ME the system of verb morphology was affected by the same changes that affected noun morphology. However, the distinction between singular and plural was retained in ME, although there was a good deal of leveling in the verb paradigms. Therefore, the inflectional system in ME was still rich enough morphologically to attract a "heavy" element. Early in the 16th century, the plural marking disappeared in English verb morphology and INFL became weak. Consequently, V-raising disappeared gradually in the Early Modem Period. We have argued that the development of DO as an auxiliary is closely related to the loss of V-raising. After the loss of V-raising optional DO developed as the Modem English auxiliary DO for questions. In case there is no auxiliary verb, DO is inserted under Tense to support the feature [+Q]. The [+Q] feature of T must move to C in questions, but it cannot move without being supported by an overt element. A carrier is needed for a feature to move. Our basic assumption is that no feature can move alone without being supported by an overt element. In case there is no modal or aspectual auxiliary, DO must be inserted under T as the "last resort" in order to support the feature [+Q].

동사이동과 do-support

조남호 忠州大學校 1999 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.34 No.1

In this paper I describe the change of Verb Movement in English and the diachronic development of Modern English(MnE) periphrastic do. In Old and Middle English, the main verb raised to INFL or C, but English lost its overt V-raising ability in Early Modern English (EMnE).The scope of Verb Movement is determined by morphological properties of INFL. Weak INFL cannot attract a heavy element such as a main verb, though it can attract a light element such as an auxiliary, while strong INFL attracts any element. INFL is argued to be strong only if there are plural markings overt and different from singular ones. The loss of V-raising resulted from the changes of morphological features. INFL in OE is rich enough morphologically to attract a heavy element such as main verb. Strong features of OE INFL remained unchanged in Middle English (ME). In ME the system of verb morphology was affected by the same changes that affected uoun morphology. However, the distinction between singular and plural was retained in ME, although there was a good deal of leveling in the verb paradigms. Therefore, the inflectional system in ME was still rich enough morphologically to attract a "heavy" element. Early in the 16th century, the plural marking disappeared in English verb morphology and INFL became weak. Consequently, V-raising disappeared gradually in the EMnE period. We have argued that the development of do as an auxiliary is closely related to the less of v-raising. After the loss of v-raising, optional do developed as MnE auxiliary do for negatives, emphatics, and questions. In case there is no auxiliary verb, do is inserted under T to support the feature[+Neg]. It is argued that there is no NegP in English. Inserted of NegP, the feature [+Neg] is assumed under T. The emphatic do is also introduced in the EMnE after the loss of v-raising. When the verb cannot move to T, do must be EMnE to support the emphatic feature. The [+Q] feature of T must move to C in questions, but it cannot move without being supported by an overt element. A carrier is needed for a feature to move. Our basic assumption is that no feature can move alone without being supported by an overt element. In case there is no modal or aspectual auxiliary, do must be inserted under T as the "last resort" in order to support a feature of T, e.g.[+Neg],or[+Emp]

영어의 전치사에 관한 소고 : 그 성격과 지도방법

박남식 서울대학교 어학연구소 1972 言語敎育 Vol.4 No.2

무게와 리듬 : 영어를 중심으로

박남식 충남대학교 어학연구소 1989 언어 Vol.10 No.-

기준물을 이용한 공작기계 위치오차 보정기술에 관한 연구

조남규,박재준,정성종 한국공작기계학회 2000 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.-

In this paper, a methodology of geometrical error identification and compensation for NC machine tool position. Wе hаvе proposed a reference artifact with which, in measuring the coordinate system of NC machine, the robust coordinate systems are given. Thе coordinate system of the NC machine could be compensated successfully with the information obtained by measuring the reference artifact and our compensation algorithm. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate coordinate referencing ability and, thе uncertainties of the machine tool position is estimated and observed through the compensation process by simulation.

언어기술에 있어서의 거리의 변수 : 영어를 중심으로 With Special Reference to English

박남식 한국외국어대학교 외국어 종합연구센터 언어연구소 1980 언어와 언어학 Vol.6 No.-

This paper addresses the question of distance as a linguistic variable. The main theme throughout the paper is that distance is a pervasive constraint on the form of language. Among other things, it is claimed that a principle of gravity, definable in terms of the relative distance between two of more related elements, can be invoked to explain why we have such phenomena as preferred interpretation, proximity concord, and availability of alternative case markings. It is also shown that distance, as between speaker and hearer, often determines the length of the expression used. The point is also made that, given the pervasive influence of distance on language, more attention should be paid to it in future linguistic research.

한국 대학 영어의 교과 설계 : With Specific Reference to Korea

박남식 서울대학교 어학연구소 1979 語學硏究 Vol.15 No.1

As is suggested by its title, the present study aims at designing an EFL course for Korean colleges and universities. As such, it falls into five chapters, of which the first is of an introductory nature. The second chapter discusses some issues of theoretical relevance that need to be taken into account in designing any worthwhile foreign­language course. One of the points made here is that a good course must faithfully reflect the needs of the learner and of the community as well. The third chapter is a critique of the state of college English in Korea today. Among other things, it is claimed that the English course in current ‘vogue’ gives short shrift to the legitimate needs and interests of the learner. The fourth chapter proposes (a set of guiding principles for) an ideal course design for college English in Korea. One of the suggestions made here is that English be adopted as a partial reading medium for all content areas. The final chapter is a general commentary on the course design proposed in the preceding chapter. As such, it touches on some characteristics of the proposed course design and on some problems that we need to tackle if the design is to be implemented successfully.

연마 다듬질 가공면의 표면 미세형상 평가에 관한 연구

조남규,김현국,권기환,한창수,안유민,이성환,박균명 한국공작기계학회 2000 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.-

This paper describes the statistical analysis techniques for the surface roughness assessment of polished surfaces. In experiments, the polishing process of the sample surfaces which are manufactured by ball end mill is consist of two steps; the cusp removal process and the surface finishing process. For the cusp removal process, the criterion of cusp removal was established from the power spectrum analysis to assess the change of the cusp removal rate. For the finishing process, the surface was polished by the rotational CBN tool and vibration wood tool. And the surface quality of polished surface was assessed using the functional parameters based on the statistical values of surface profiles. Consequently, the surface finish performance of the polished surface using the vibration wood tool was improved.