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A new era of macrophage-based cell therapy
Na Yi Rang,Kim Sang Wha,Seok Seung Hyeok 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
Macrophages are essential innate immune cells found throughout the body that have protective and pathogenic functions in many diseases. When activated, macrophages can mediate the phagocytosis of dangerous cells or materials and participate in effective tissue regeneration by providing growth factors and anti-inflammatory molecules. Ex vivo-generated macrophages have thus been used in clinical trials as cell-based therapies, and based on their intrinsic characteristics, they outperformed stem cells within specific target diseases. In addition to the old methods of generating naïve or M2 primed macrophages, the recently developed chimeric antigen receptor-macrophages revealed the potential of genetically engineered macrophages for cell therapy. Here, we review the current developmental status of macrophage-based cell therapy. The findings of important clinical and preclinical trials are updated, and patent status is investigated. Additionally, we discuss the limitations and future directions of macrophage-based cell therapy, which will help broaden the potential utility and clinical applications of macrophages.
Comparative proteomics: assessment of biological variability and dataset comparability
Kim, Sa Rang,Nguyen, Tuong Vi,Seo, Na Ri,Jung, Seunghup,An, Hyun Joo,Mills, David A,Kim, Jae Han BioMed Central 2015 BMC bioinformatics Vol.16 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Comparative proteomics in bacteria are often hampered by the differential nature of dataset quality and/or inherent biological deviations. Although common practice compensates by reproducing and normalizing datasets from a single sample, the degree of certainty is limited in comparison of multiple dataset. To surmount these limitations, we introduce a two-step assessment criterion using: (1) the relative number of total spectra (<I>R</I><SUB><I>TS</I></SUB>) to determine if two LC-MS/MS datasets are comparable and (2) nine glycolytic enzymes as internal standards for a more accurate calculation of relative amount of proteins. <I>Lactococcus lactis</I> HR279 and JHK24 strains expressing high or low levels (respectively) of green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used for the model system. GFP abundance was determined by spectral counting and direct fluorescence measurements. Statistical analysis determined relative GFP quantity obtained from our approach matched values obtained from fluorescence measurements.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P><I>L. lactis</I> HR279 and JHK24 demonstrates two datasets with an <I>R</I><SUB><I>TS</I></SUB> value less than 1.4 accurately reflects relative differences in GFP levels between high and low expression strains. Without prior consideration of <I>R</I><SUB><I>TS</I></SUB> and the use of internal standards, the relative increase in GFP calculated by spectral counting method was 3.92 ± 1.14 fold, which is not correlated with the value determined by the direct fluorescence measurement (2.86 ± 0.42 fold) with the <I>p</I> = 0.024. In contrast, 2.88 ± 0.92 fold was obtained by our approach showing a statistically insignificant difference (<I>p</I> = 0.95).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our two-step assessment demonstrates a useful approach to: (1) validate the comparability of two mass spectrometric datasets and (2) accurately calculate the relative amount of proteins between proteomic datasets.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0561-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>
Zebrafish embryo extracts promote sphere-forming abilities of human melanoma cell line.
Na, Yi-Rang,Seok, Seung-Hyeok,Kim, Dong-Jae,Han, Ju-Hee,Kim, Tae-Hyun,Jung, Hyoun,Park, Jae-Hak Japanese Cancer Association 2009 Cancer Science Vol.100 No.8
<P>Sphere-forming abilities in culture condition are considered a hallmark of cancer stem-like cells, which represents tumor cell invasiveness and stem-like characteristics. We aimed to show that the sphere-forming subpopulation of human malignant melanoma cell line WM-266-4 acts differently to zebrafish embryo extracts compared with their bulk counterpart. Spheres were maintained in neural stem cell culture conditions. The embryos of zebrafish at specific developmental stages were collected and the extracts were purified under 100 kDa. Spheres were treated with embyo extracts and proliferation assay and immunocytochemistry were conducted. Spheroid cells expressed nestin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but not melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells (MART)1, indicating their stem-like character. Zebrafish embryo extracts at 50% epiboly stage inhibited melanoma bulk cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. However, sphere-forming abilities were significantly enhanced under 1 microg/mL concentration of 50% epiboly stage embryo extract treatment. Our findings implicate that we should consider cell subsets of a different character from the tumor origin that can respond differently to exogenous substances or tumor microenvironments. We suggest that cancer research should consider both minor stem-like subpopulations and the other major bulk tumor cells.</P>