Potential antifilarial activity of the fruit, leaf and stem extract of Melia azedarach Linn. on cattle filarial parasite Setaria cervi in vitro

Ahmed, Qamar U.,Zaidi, S.M.K.R.,Kaleem, M.,Khan, N.U.,Singhal, K.C. Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2006 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.6 No.2

The effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the fruit, leaf and stem of Melia azedarach Linn. (Meliaceae) on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and the nerve-muscle (n.m.) preparation of Setaria (S.) cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro was studied. Alcoholic extracts of fruit, leaf and stem caused inhibition of the spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the n.m. preparation of S. cervi, while only aqueous extract of fruit caused inhibition of the spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the n.m. preparation of S. cervi. The initial stimulatory effect was not observed by the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of fruit on n.m. preparation. The concentrations required to inhibit the movements of the whole worm and n.m. preparation for alcoholic extracts of fruit, leaf and stem were 250, $40\;{\mu}g/ml$; 280, $40\;{\mu}g/ml$ and 270, $25\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively, whereas an aqueous extract of fruit caused inhibition of whole worm and n.m. preparation at $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $40\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. Alcoholic extracts of the fruit, leaf and stem and aqueous extract of the fruit of M. azedarach caused concentration related inhibition on the survival of microfilariae (m.f.) of S. cervi. The $LC_{50}$ and $LC_{90}$ as observed after 6 h were found to be 5, 15, 10, 20 ng/ml and 10, 25, 20 and 35 ng/ml, respectively. This work was conducted in view of the exploration of potential antifilarial herbal drug.

INVERSE PROBLEM FOR STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ON HILBERT SPACES DRIVEN BY LÉVY PROCESSES

N. U. Ahmed 경남대학교 수학교육과 2022 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.27 No.4

In this paper we consider inverse problem for a general class of nonlinear stochastic dierential equations on Hilbert spaces whose generating operators (drift, diusion and jump kernels) are unknown. We introduce a class of function spaces and put a suitable topology on such spaces and prove existence of optimal generating operators from these spaces. We present also necessary conditions of optimality including an algorithm and its convergence whereby one can construct the optimal generators (drift, diusion and jump kernel).

A CLASS OF NONLINEAR EVOLUTION EQUATIONS ON BANACH SPACES DRIVEN BY FINITELY ADDITIVE MEASURES AND ITS OPTIMAL CONTROL

Ahmed N. U. 경남대학교 수학교육과 2019 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.24 No.4

In this paper we consider a class of nonlinear evolution equations on infinite dimensional Banach spaces driven by finitely additive measures generalizing the classical models of impulsive systems. We use measures as controls and prove existence of optimal controls and present necessary (and sufficient) conditions of optimality. Further, we prove a convergence theorem based on the necessary conditions of optimality. Using the general results we construct the necessary conditions of optimality for purely impulsive systems. In the final section we extend our results from signed measures to nitely additive vector measures taking values in infinite dimensional Banach spaces.

OUTPUT FEEDBACK MIN-MAX CONTROL PROBLEM FOR A CLASS OF UNCERTAIN LINEAR STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS ON UMD BANACH SPACE

Ahmed N. U. 경남대학교 수학교육과 2019 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.24 No.1

In this paper we consider the problem of quadratic linear min-max regulator problem on a UMD (Unconditional Martingale Differences) Banach space where the system is to be regulated by output feedback subject to measurement uncertainty. The problem is to find an optimal feedback policy (an operator valued function) that minimizes the maximum risk (or loss). We prove existence of an optimal policy, as an output feedback operator valued function, and present the necessary conditions of optimality. Also we present a convergence theorem based on the necessary conditions of optimality. The results presented here are new even in the Hilbert space setting.

Characterization and expression analysis of dirigent family genes related to stresses in Brassica

Thamil Arasan, S.K.,Park, J.I.,Ahmed, N.U.,Jung, H.J.,Hur, Y.,Kang, K.K.,Lim, Y.P.,Nou, I.S. Gauthier-Villars ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 Plant physiology and biochemistry Vol.67 No.-

The dirigent (DIR) genes are playing a vital role in enhancing stress resistance in different crop plants. In this study, we collected 29 DIR like genes, two from a Brassica rapa cv. Osome full length cDNA library and 27 from the B. rapa database designated as B. rapa Dirigent (BrDIR) like genes. Sequence analysis and a comparison study of these genes confirmed that seven were dirigent and the remaining 22 were dirigent like genes. Expression analysis revealed an organ specific expression of these genes. BrDIR2 showed differential responses after Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans infection in cabbage. Four Brassica oleracea dirigent like genes highly homologous to BrDIR2 also showed similar responses in cabbage plants infected with this fungus. Moreover, several BrDIR like genes showed significant responses after water, ABA and cold stress treatments in Chinese cabbage. Under water stress, most responsive genes showed the highest expression at 24 h, at which time the acid soluble lignin content of samples under the same stress condition were also highest, indicating a possible relationship between BrDIR like genes and lignin content. Taken together, our results indicate a protective role of BrDIR genes against biotic and abiotic stresses in Brassica.

Characterization and expression profiling of MYB transcription factors against stresses and during male organ development in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)

Saha, G.,Park, J.I.,Ahmed, N.U.,Kayum, M.A.,Kang, K.K.,Nou, I.S. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2016 Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Vol. No.

<P>MYB proteins comprise a large family of plant transcription factors that play regulatory roles in different biological processes such as plant development, metabolism, and defense responses. To gain insight into this gene superfamily and to elucidate its roles in stress resistance, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of MYB genes in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). We identified 475 Chinese cabbage MYB genes, among which most were from R2R3-MYB (256 genes) and MYB-related (202) subfamilies. Analysis of sequence characteristics, phylogenetic classification, and protein motif structures confirmed the existence of several categories (1R, 2R, 3R, 4R, and 5R) of Chinese cabbage MYB genes, which is comparable with MYB genes of other crops. An extensive in silica functional analysis, based on established functional properties of MYB genes from different crop species, revealed 11 and four functional clades within the Chinese cabbage R2R3-MYB and MYB-related subfamilies, respectively. In this study, we reported a MYB-like group within the MYB-related subfamily contains 77 MYB genes. Expression analysis using low temperature-treated whole-genome microarray data revealed variable transcript abundance of 1R/2R/3R/4R/5R-MYB genes in 11 clusters between two inbred lines of Chinese cabbage, Chiifu and Kenshin, which differ in cold tolerance. In further validation tests, we used qRT-PCR to examine the cold-responsive expression patterns of 27 BrMYB genes; surprisingly, the MYB-related genes were induced more highly than the R2R3-MYB genes. In addition, we identified 10 genes with corresponsive expression patterns from a set of salt-, drought-, ABA-, JA-, and SA-induced R2R3-MYB genes. We identified 11 R2R3-1VIYBs functioning in resistance against biotic stress, including 10 against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans and one against Pectobacterium carotovoram subsp. caratovorum. Furthermore, based on organ-specific expression data, we identified nine R2R3-MYBs that were constitutively expressed in male reproductive tissue, which may provide an important key for studying male sterility in Chinese cabbage. The extensive annotation and transcriptome profiling reported in this study will be useful for understanding the involvement of MYB genes in stress resistance in addition to their growth regulatory functions, ultimately providing the basis for functional characterization and exploitation of the candidate MYB genes for genetic engineering of Chinese cabbage. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.</P>

Molecular characterization of BZR transcription factor family and abiotic stress induced expression profiling in Brassica rapa

Saha, G.,Park, J.I.,Jung, H.J.,Ahmed, N.U.,Kayum, Md.A.,Kang, J.G.,Nou, I.S. Gauthier-Villars ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Vol. No.

BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT (BZR) transcription factors (TFs) are primarily well known as positive regulators of Brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction in different plants. BR is a plant specific steroid hormone, which has multiple stress resistance functions besides various growth regulatory roles. Being an important regulator of the BR synthesis, BZR TFs might have stress resistance related activities. However, no stress resistance related functional study of BZR TFs has been reported in any crop plants so far. Therefore, this study identified 15 BZR TFs of Brassica rapa (BrBZR) from a genome-wide survey and characterized them through sequence analysis and expression profiling against several abiotic stresses. Various systematic in silico analysis of these TFs validated the fundamental properties of BZRs, where a high degree of similarity also observed with recognized BZRs of other plant species from the comparison studies. In the organ specific expression analyses, 6 BrBZR TFs constitutively expressed in flower developmental stages indicating their flower specific functions. Subsequently, from the stress resistance related expression profiles differential transcript abundance levels were observed by 6 and 11 BrBZRs against salt and drought stresses, respectively. All BrBZRs showed several folds up-regulation against exogenous ABA treatment. All BrBZRs also showed differential expression against low temperature stress treatments and these TFs were proposed as transcriptional activators of CBF cold response pathway of B. rapa. Notably, three BrBZRs gave co-responsive expression against all the stresses tested here, suggesting their multiple stress resistance related functions. Thus, the findings would be helpful in resolving the complex regulatory mechanism of BZRs in stress resistance and further functional genomics study of these potential TFs in different Brassica crops.

Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV

Abelev, B.,Adam, J.,Adamová,, D.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Agnello, M.,Agostinelli, A.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahmed, I.,Ahn, S. U.,Ahn, S. A.,Aimo, I.,Aiola, S.,Ajaz, M.,Akindinov, A.,Alam, S. Institute of Physics Pub 2015 The journal of high energy physics Vol.2015 No.6

<P>The elliptic flow coefficient (v(2)) of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The results were obtained with the Scalar Product method, a two-particle correlation technique, using a pseudo-rapidity gap of |Delta eta| > 0.9 between the identified hadron under study and the reference particles. The v (2) is reported for pi(+/-), K-+/-, K-S(0), p+(p) over bar, phi, Lambda+(Lambda) over bar, Xi+(Xi) over bar (+) and Omega(-)+(Omega) over bar (+) in several collision centralities. In the low transverse momentum (p(T)) region, p(T) < 3 GeV/c, v(2)(p(T)) exhibits a particle mass dependence consistent with elliptic flow accompanied by the transverse radial expansion of the system with a common velocity field. The experimental data for pi (+/-) and the combined K-+/- and K-S(0) results, are described fairly well by hydrodynamic calculations coupled to a hadronic cascade model (VISHNU) for central collisions. However, the same calculations fail to reproduce the v(2)(p(T)) for p+(p) over bar, phi, Lambda+(Lambda) over bar, Xi+(Xi) over bar (+). For transverse momentum values larger than about 3 GeV/c, particles tend to group according to their type, i.e. mesons and baryons. The present measurements exhibit deviations from the number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling at the level of +/- 20% for p(T) > 3 GeV/c.</P>

Suppression of ψ(2S) production in p-Pb collisions at s N N $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV

Abelev, B.,Adam, J.,Adamová,, D.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Agnello, M.,Agostinelli, A.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahmed, I.,Ahn, S. U.,Ahn, S. A.,Aimo, I.,Aiola, S.,Ajaz, M.,Akindinov, A.,Alam, S. Springer-Verlag 2014 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2014 No.12

Freeze-out radii extracted from three-pion cumulants in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC

Abelev, B.,Adam, J.,Adamová,, D.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Agnello, M.,Agostinelli, A.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahmed, I.,Ahn, S.U.,Ahn, S.A.,Aimo, I.,Aiola, S.,Ajaz, M.,Akindinov, A.,Alam, S.N.,A Elsevier 2014 Physics letters: B Vol.739 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In high-energy collisions, the spatio-temporal size of the particle production region can be measured using the Bose–Einstein correlations of identical bosons at low relative momentum. The source radii are typically extracted using two-pion correlations, and characterize the system at the last stage of interaction, called kinetic freeze-out. In low-multiplicity collisions, unlike in high-multiplicity collisions, two-pion correlations are substantially altered by background correlations, e.g. mini-jets. Such correlations can be suppressed using three-pion cumulant correlations. We present the first measurements of the size of the system at freeze-out extracted from three-pion cumulant correlations in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC with ALICE. At similar multiplicity, the invariant radii extracted in p–Pb collisions are found to be 5–15% larger than those in pp, while those in Pb–Pb are 35–55% larger than those in p–Pb. Our measurements disfavor models which incorporate substantially stronger collective expansion in p–Pb as compared to pp collisions at similar multiplicity.</P>