독일과 우리나라의 통일비용 및 통일재원 비교 연구

염명배(Myung-bae Yeom),유일호(Il-ho Yoo) 한국재정학회 2011 재정학연구 Vol.4 No.2

독일 통일 20주년을 맞는 시점에서 통일 당시 독일의 여건과 현재 한반도 정세를 비교해 볼 때 우리나라에서 독일형 통일여건이 무르익었다고 보기는 어렵다. 현재 남 · 북한 간 경제력 격차가 독일 통일 당시 동 · 서독 간 경제력 격차의 3.4∼10.3배에 달하는 극심한 불균형 상황에서 급격한 흡수통일이 이루어질 경우 독일에 비해 훨씬 많은 통일비용이 소요될 것으로 예상된다. 우리나라의 통일비용은 통일형태에 따라 향후 30년간 적게는 70여조원에서부터 많게는 6,500여조원에 달할 것으로 추정된다. 통일재원 조달 방안으로는 통일세(목적세 신설, 부가가치세율 인상 등 세목 신설 및 증세 포함) 부과, 통일기금 조성 및 활용, 화폐발행, 예산절감, 해외자금 유치, 외환보유액 활용, 공공기관 및 국유재산 매각, 공공요금부과금 등 공적재원에 의존하는 방안과 채권(국공채 및 지방채)발행, 복권발행, 북한 국유재산 민간매각 수입, 기업의 북한투자 유치, 부동산투자신탁(REITs)이나 프로젝트파이낸싱(PF) 등 민간부문의 자금력에 의존하는 방안 등 다양한 수단을 고려할 수 있겠는데, 이중 어느 한 종류의 재원조달 방식에만 의존하기보다는 통일재원의 성격과 재원필요 시기에 따라 각각의 여건에 합당한 재원조달 방안으로 재정정책 ‘Policy Mix(정책혼합)’을 구성하는 것이 보다 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 통일재원 부담을 줄이기 위하여 통일비용을 최소화할 수 있는 방향으로 통일방식이나 통일체제를 모색하는 것도 중요하다. The year of 2010 marks the year that Germany celebrates the 20th anniversary of Unification on one hand, and that President of Korea, Lee, Myung-bak, has officially mentioned the necessity of financial preparation for Korea Unification such as introducing unification tax as well. This paper tries to compare the economic and political situation of national unification between Germany and Korea, and investigate the unification costs and fiscal sources in two countries. Current economic gap between north and South Korea is much worse by 3.4∼10.3 times than East and West Germany when Germany was united 20 years ago. Korean unification costs are estimated to range from US$ 62 billion to 2,140 billion for next 30 years according to the unification pattern. We suggest a fiscal ‘Policy Mix’ consisting of public and private means so as to finance huge unification costs by employing a combination of unification tax, unification fund, national and public bond, foreign debt, lottery, REITs, Project Financing, and so on. In order to minimize the unification costs, it may be important to consider the best ways to or system for unification.

EGR시스템 디젤機關의 排氣 排出物 特性에 미치는 再循環 排氣의 影響에 관한 硏究

裵明煥 慶尙大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

The effects of recirculated exhaust gas on the characteristics of fuel economy, combustion and exhaust emissions have been experimentally investigated by a four-cylinder, four cycle., indirect injection, water-cooled and marine diesel engine operating at several loads and speeds. In order to reduce the soot contents in the recirculated exhaust gas to intake system of the engines, a novel diesel soot removal system with a cylinder-type scrubber which 6 water injectors(A water injector has 144 nozzles in 1.0 mm diameter) is specially designed and manufactured for the experiment system. The experiments in this study are performed at the fixed fuel injection timing of 15.3°BTDC regardless of experimental conditions. The brake specific fuel consumption rate is slightly fluctuated with EGR in the range of experimental conditions. The maximum value of premixed combustion for the rate of heat release is decreased with EGR at engine load 25% and the ignition is slightly delayed with EGR at engine load 100%. NOx emisons are markedly decreased with EGR, especially at high loads, while soot emissions are increased as the EGR rate rises

플라즈마 EGR 조합시스템 전자제어 컴먼레일 디젤기관의 성능 및 NO_(x)ㆍTHC 배출물 특성

배명환,구영진,이동윤 慶尙大學校 經營行政大學院 2004 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.20 No.-

The aim in this study is to develop the combined turbo intercooler EGR system with a non-thermal plasma reactor for reducing exhaust emissions and improving fuel economy in ECU common-rail diesel engines. At the first step, the characteristics of performance and NO_(x) · THC emissions under four kinds of engine loads are experimentally investigated by using a four-cycle, four-cylinder, direct injection type, water-cooled ECU common-rail diesel engine with a combined turbo intercooler plasma exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) system operating at three kinds of engine speeds. The EGR and turbo intercooler system are used to reduce NO_(x) emissions, and the non-thermal plasma reactor and turbo intercooler system are used to reduce THC emissions. In this study, the plasma system is a flat-to-flat type reactor operated by a plasma power supply. The fuel is sprayed by pilot and main injections at the variable injection timing between BTDC 15˚ and ATDC 1˚ according to experimental conditions. It is found that the specific fuel consumption rate with increasing EGR rate is increased, but the fuel economy is better than that of mechanical injection type diesel engine as compared with the same output. Results show that NO_(x) emissions are decreased, but THC emissions are increased, as the EGR rate is elevated. NO_(x) and THC emissions are also slightly decreased as the applied electrical voltage of the non-thermal plasma reactor is elevated.

선박용 대형 2행정 디젤기관에 있어서 모터구동 실린더 주유기의 유량 및 송출 특성

배명환,정화,안명훈 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2003 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.19 No.-

It is of great economic importance to minimize the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil. The home-manufactured motor-drive cylinder lubricator is first developed by the industry-university cooperation. The effects of revolution speed, oil temperature and plunger stroke length on oil flow rate. injection delay duration, and maximum delivery and injection pressures are experimentally investigated by the cylinder lubricator developed in this study. The maximum delivery pressure of oil line in 0.03 m and the maximum injection pressure of oil line in 6.78 m away from the end of lubricating slot are risen as plunger stroke length and revolution speed are increased, but the maximum delivery and injection pressures are lowered as the oil temperature is increased without plunger stroke length.

치료환경에 따른 만성정신질환자의 삶의 질

배 안,김진학,박수희,김명규,김중원 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.6

연구목적: 일 지역사회(나주시) 만성정신질환자 대상의 치료환경을 그 환경적 특성에 따라 전통적인 외래치료환경, 개방적인 입원치료환경, 폐쇄적인 입원치료환경으로 분류하고, 각각의 치료환경에 거주하는 만성정신질환자의 주관적 및 객관적 삶의 질을 평가 비교함으로서 치료환경의 특성과 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 전통적인 외래치료환경 환자 85명, 개방병동 입원환자 67명, 폐쇄병동 입원환자 58명이었다. 이들에게 Lehman quality of life scale을 사용하여 반구조적 면담을 시행하여 삶의 질의 객관적 및 주관적 지표들의 지수를 측정하고 세 환경간 측정치를 비교하였다. 세 집단간의 차이를 분석하기 위해 ANOVA Test와 χ²검증을 사용하였다. 결 과: 환자들의 자율성과 다양한 정신사회재활 서비스가 제공되고 있는 개방병동 환자들의 전반적인 생활에 대한 만족도가 지역사회 및 폐쇄병동의 환자들에 비해 더 높았다. 지역사회에서 외래치료를 받는 환자들은 한달 쓰는 용돈이 많고 피해를 본 경험이 적었지만, 여가활동 및 사회적 접촉빈도가 입원환자에 비해 더 낮았고, 건강과 재정, 여가활동의 주관적 만족도도 더 낮았다. 입원치료중인 만성질환자들은 지역사회 환자들에 비해 여가활동 및 사회적 접촉빈도가 더 많았고, 월 평균 쓰는 비용이 더 적었지만 주관적 만족도는 오히려 더 높았다. 또한 이들은 최근 1년간 폭력 및 비폭력에 피해를 당한 경험이 더 많았으며, 건강에 관한 만족도는 더 높았다. 결 론: 치료환경의 특성에 따라 만성정신질환자가 보고하는 삶의 질에 차이를 보였으며, 개방병동에서 생활하고 있는 만성정신질환자들의 삶의 질이 가장 높았다. 향후 지역사회에 거주하고 있는 환자들의 삶의 질 향상을 위해서는 다양한 정신사회재활 서비스가 제공될 필요성이 있을 것으로 보았다. Objectives: This study aimed to figure out the characteristics and differences of therapeutic environment by classifying into closed-ward inpatient, open-ward inpatient and community residence out-patient environment and comparing objective and subjective quality of life of each group. Methods : The subjects consisted of 67 open-ward chronic inpatients, 58 closed -ward inpatients in the National Naju Mental Hospital and 85 outpatients living in Naju. We measured objective and subjective quality of life using semi-structural interview by Leman`s quality of life scale and compared the 3 groups. We used one-way ANOVA and chi-square test to analyze the differences of the 3 groups. Results: Open-ward inpatients who have autonomy and various community service program were more satisfied with their general life than the others. Community residence outpatients spent more money and less assaults experience but their leisure activities and social contact frequencies were lower than in the inpatients. Outpatients were less satisfied with their health, finances and leasure activities. Inpatients had made leisure activities and higher social contact frequency than outpatients. They were more satisfied with their finances despite of the spending less the money monthly than the outpatients. They experienced violence and damage more often for the past one year and were more satisfied with their health. Conclusions: The quality of life reported by chronic mental patients differed according to the characteristics of therapeutic environment. The life-quality of open-ward inpatients were the highest among the 3 groups. It is necessary to serve various community service program so that we can improve the life-quality of community residence outpatients.

디젤機關의 피스톤 및 피스톤링 磨耗에 미치는 再循環 排氣의 影響에 관한 硏究

裵明煥 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The effects of recirculated exhaust gas on the wear of piston and piston rings were investigated by the experiment with a two-cylinder, four cycle, indirect injection diesel engine operating at an engine load of 75% and an engine speed of 1600 rpm. For the purpose of comparison between the wear rates of two cylinders with and without EGR, the recirculated exhaust gas was sucked into one of two cylinders after the soot contents in exhaust emissions were removed by an intentionally designed cylinder-type scrubber equipped with 6 water injectors(A water injector has 144 nozzles of 1.0 mm diameter), while only the fresh air was inhaled into the other cylinder. These experiments were carried out on the fuel injection timing fixed at 15.3˚ BTDC. It was found that the wear rate of piston skirt with EGR increased a little bit, but the piston head diameter increased, rather than decreased, owing to soot adhesion and erosion wear, and especially larger with EGR, and that the wear rates of the top and second piston ring(compression ring) thickness with EGR were more than twice the wear rate of top ring in case of no EGR, but the wear rate of oil rings thickness without EGR increased greater than that with EGR.

PC 환경에서 모바일 P2P 시스템의 구현

배일호,신명숙,이준 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2004 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.26 No.2

P2P 환경에서의 파일 공유 방식은 클리어언트/서버 방식과는 다르게 값비싼 서버를 사용하지 않고 클라이언트 컴퓨터들만을 사용하여 자료의 공유 및 관리를 분산시킨다. 이러한 이유로 대용량의 서버를 사용하는 클라이언트/서버 방식에서 발생하는 인적, 물적 자원의 낭비를 최소화 할 수 있다. 또한 사용자의 수가 늘어날수록 연산, 협업의 성과가 높아지는 등의 혜택을 제공한다. 이와 같은 이유로 인해 많은 사람들이 P2P에 관심을 갖고, 또한 현재 각광받고 있는 모바일 관련 분야에도 P2P를 이용한 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 모바일 P2P 서비스란 서버의 중개 없이, 서버에 접속해 있는 한 모바일 클라이언트에서 다른 모바일 클라이언트로 다양한 정보 및 데이터를 전송하는 방식으로, 종래의 P2P 개념을 모바일 기반으로 확장한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 모바일 P2P 서비스를 영농정보 공유, 재해 정보의 통계 및 분석을 위한 프로그램에 응용하였다.

대형 2행정 디젤기관용 모터구동 실린더 주유펌프의 퀼 어큐뮬레이터 특성

배명환,옥현진 慶尙大學校 經營行政大學院 2004 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Minimizing the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil in a large two-stroke diesel engine is of great economic importance. In Korean, a motor-driven cylinder lubricator was first developed for a large two-stroke marine diesel engine manufactured by W?rtsil? Switzerland Ltd. by author through the joint research of industry-university. In this study, the effects of revolution speed, plunger stroke and cylinder back pressure on maximum discharge pressure, maximum loss pressure, delivery delay duration and oil feed rate are experimentally investigated by the home-manufactured cylinder lubricator. The maximum discharge pressure with a spot of 0.03 m and the maximum loss pressure at spots of 10 m away from the end of lubricator slot are increased as plunger stroke, revolution speed and back pressure are elevated, and the delivery delay duration is shortened as plunger stroke, revolution speed are increased. Also, oil feed rate is increased as plunger stroke and revolution speed are raised, but lowered as the back pressure is increased.

설치장소에 따른 태양열 스털링엔진 발전시스템의 성능예측에 관한 연구

배명환,장형성,강상율 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The simulation analyses of a dish solar power system with stilling engine in this study are applied to system performance prediction in four different test sites; Seoul, Pusan and Cheju in Korea, and Naha in Japan. The effects of difference of concentrator type such as monolithic and stretched-membrane construction on system efficiency are also evaluated. The total amount of generated power for a year depends on the site. However the total maximum system efficiency in every site is approximately 16% and there isn't a striking difference. It is also found that the maximum collector efficiency of stretched-membrane concentrator Is about 3 ∼ 15% lower than that of the monolithic type.

FGR 환경설비 시스템 보일러의 성능 및 배기 배출물에 미치는 재순환 배기의 영향

배명환,정광호,최승철 慶尙大學校 經營行政大學院 2004 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.20 No.-

The effect of recirculated exhaust gas on performance and exhaust emissions with FGR rate are investigated by using a natural circulation, pressurized draft and water tube boiler with FGR system operating at several boiler loads and over fire air(OFA) damper openings. The purpose of this study is to apply the FGR system to a power plant boiler for reducing NO_(x) emissions. To activate the combustion, the suction damper of two stage combustion system installed in the upper side of wind box is opened by handling the lever between 0˚ and 90˚, and the OFA with 0 to 20% into the flame is supplied, as the combustion air supplied to burner is reduced. It is found that the fuel consumption rate divided by evaporation rate does not show an obvious tendency to increase or decrease with rising the FGR rate, and NO_(x) emissions are decreased, at the same OFA damper opening, as FGR rates are elevated and boiler loads are dropped. While a small quantity of soot is emitted without the operational conditions of boiler load, OFA damper opening and FGR rate, because soot emissions are eliminated by the electrostatic precipitator with a collecting efficiency of 86.7%.