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Muthukumar, R.,Thanushkodi, K. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.1
Distribution system is a critical link between customer and utility. The control of power loss is the main factor which decides the performance of the distribution system. There are two methods such as (i) distribution system reconfiguration and (ii) inclusion of capacitor banks, used for controlling the real power loss. Considering the improvement in voltage profile with the power loss reduction, later method produces better performance than former method. This paper presents an advanced evolutionary algorithm for capacitor inclusion for loss reduction. The conventional sensitivity analysis is used to find the optimal location for the capacitors. In order to achieve a better approximation for the current candidate solution, Opposition based Differential Evolution (ODE) is introduced. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated through 10, 33, 34 and85-bus radial distribution systems.
Muthukumar Marappan,Magesh Kannan Vijayakrishnanb,Karthikeyan Palaniswamy,Karthikeyan Manoharan,Thanarajan Kumaresan,Jyothis Arumughan 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2021 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.22 No.2
Water management is decisive in the commercialisation of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel cells (PEMFCs) as poor watermanagement leads to reduced performance and reliability. Hence, this work deals with effective water management andphysically examines water removed at cathode outlet in 25 cm2 PEMFC of land width by channel width of 2 × 2. Sixcombinations among flow fields such as parallel without slope, parallel with slope, serpentine and a novel parallel zigzag withslope are used for experimentation. Experimental results disclose that inducing cross flow among reactants, increasingexposure area of uncompressed MEA with reacting gases and backpressure increases the performance while slope at cathodeincreases the water removal rate of PEMFC. The novel flow field when used at the cathode with the serpentine flow field atanode accumulates advantages of the flow fields considered and enhanced the performance by about 23% than conventionalserpentine flow fields due to the induced flow non-uniformity, under rib convection and better water removal rate. Additionally, to enhance the water removal and performance a silicon dioxide based ceramic ink is spray coated on thegraphite plate to increase its hydrophobicity. As the electrical conductivity of silicon dioxide, a key constituent in thehydrophobic coating is limited, a blend of 2% graphene by weight with the ceramic ink is also attempted along with thedurability of these flow fields for twelve hours of continuous operation.
Failure criteria of concrete- A review
Muthukumar G,Manoj Kumar 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2014 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.14 No.5
Concrete is a versatile construction material used in many engineering structures. The design ofconcrete structures requires a thorough understanding of their material properties under various loadingconditions. Several experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the behavior of concrete. This paper is an attempt to summarize the behavioral aspects of concrete under different loading conditions. Failure models developed out of these experimental investigations are reported in this paper with their meritsand demerits.
Discomfort Analysis in Computerized Numeric Control Machine Operations
Muthukumar, Krishnamoorthy,Sankaranarayanasamy, Krishnasamy,Ganguli, Anindya Kumar Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2012 Safety and health at work Vol.3 No.2
Objectives: The introduction of computerized numeric control (CNC) technology in manufacturing industries has revolutionized the production process, but there are some health and safety problems associated with these machines. The present study aimed to investigate the extent of postural discomfort in CNC machine operators, and the relationship of this discomfort to the display and control panel height, with a view to validate the anthropometric recommendation for the location of the display and control panel in CNC machines. Methods: The postural discomforts associated with CNC machines were studied in 122 male operators using Corlett and Bishop's body part discomfort mapping, subject information, and discomfort level at various time intervals from starting to end of a shift. This information was collected using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA. Results: Neck discomfort due to the positioning of the machine displays, and shoulder and arm discomfort due to the positioning of controls were identified as common health issues in the operators of these machines. The study revealed that 45.9% of machine operators reported discomfort in the lower back, 41.8% in the neck, 22.1% in the upper-back, 53.3% in the shoulder and arm, and 21.3% of the operators reported discomfort in the leg. Conclusion: Discomfort increased with the progress of the day and was highest at the end of a shift; subject age had no effect on patient tendency to experience discomfort levels.
Odontoid Synchondrosis Fracture Treated by C1-2 Polyaxial Screw-Rod Fixation
Muthukumar, Natarajan The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2014 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.55 No.4
The synchondrosis between the dens and the body of axis normally fuses between 5 and 7 years of age. Until this age, synchondrosis fractures can occur in children. Most synchondrosis fractures are conventionally treated by external immobilization alone. We report a 10-year-old child with odontoid synchondrosis fracture who was treated by C1 lateral mass and C2 pars screw rod fixation with a successful outcome and discuss the possible reasons for occurrence of odontoid synchondrosis fracture in this older child as well as the indications for surgery in this condition.
Muthukumar, P.,Padmasuresh, L.,Eswaramoorthy, K.,Jeevananthan, S. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2020 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.20 No.2
The inverted sine carrier-based pulse width modulation scheme has been acknowledged for fundamental fortification in DC-AC conversion. This paper suggests a randomized inverted sine carrier for the half-controlled PWM switching strategy of a three-phase voltage source inverter to enhance its ability to spread harmonic power. A detailed study of the proposed modulation technique is presented through MATLAB-Simulink, and switching pulses are generated in the ModelSim digital environment. Harmonic analyses and assessments of different performance measures such as power spectrum density, harmonic spread factor, total harmonic distortion and dominating harmonic orders for various modulation indices have been carried out. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed PWM method can spread harmonic power in output voltage better than the conventional SPWM or SVPWM. For real-time digital implementation, the gating signals are generated using a field-programmable gate array Spartan XC3S500E-320F device.
Muthukumar, T.,Aravinthan, A.,Sharmila, J.,Kim, N.S.,Kim, J.H. Applied Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Carbohydrate polymers Vol.152 No.-
In this study, suitable scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering were successfully prepared using fish scale collagen, hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and beta-tricalcium phosphate. Porous composite scaffolds were prepared by freeze drying method. The Korean traditional medicinal ginseng compound K, a therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis that reduces inflammation and enhances production of bone morphogenetic protein-2, was incorporated into the composite scaffold. The scaffold was characterized for pore size, swelling, density, degradation, mineralization, cell viability and attachment, and its morphological features were examined using scanning electron microscopy. This characterization and in vitro analysis showed that the prepared scaffold was biocompatible and supported the growth of MG-63 cells, and therefore has potential as an alternative approach for bone regeneration.
Muthukumar, P.,Kim, H. S.,Ku, K. S.,Park, J. H.,Son, Y. A. THE KOREAN FIBER SOCIETY 2016 FIBERS AND POLYMERS Vol. No.
<P>The synthesis of two new phthalocyanine precursors 4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)phenoxy) with mono (2) and trichloro (3) substituents were carried out in this work. Cyclotetramerization of these precursors with zinc acetate gave novel tetrakis-4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)phenoxy) with tetra (4) and dodecachloro (5) substituted zinc phthalocyanines. The synthesized new compounds were characterized using FT-IR, H-1 NMR, electronic absorption spectroscopy, mass spectra and elemental analysis. The aggregation behavior of zinc phthalocyanines 4 and 5 was investigated in different concentrations of dichloromethane (DCM). Zino phthalocyanines 4 and 5 showed good solubility in different organic solvents such as DCM, CHCl3, THE, benzene and toluene. Further, the aggregation behavior of zinc phthalocyanines 4 and 5 was studied before and after the addition of Triton X100. Further, the fluorescence quantum yields of zinc phthalocyanines 4 and 5 were calculated in the presence and absence of Triton X100.</P>
Muthukumar Muthamilselvan,Ashok Karuppannasamy,Samuel Kennedy John 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.4
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is considered a highly destructive pest of maize. It has its origin in the tropical and subtropical regions of America and has recently invaded many agricultural regions of India. One of the struggles in managing the pest is pheromone divergence between strains and pheromone blend variation between geographically different populations. The calling pattern, copulation behaviour and mating compatibility of different populations of S. frugiperda were investi gated using behavioural methods. EAG and GC-EAD were used to analyze the chemical composition of the female gland extracts and GC–MS was used to identify the active compounds. In closed arena bioassays, the virgin males’ behavioural responses to the GC-EAD compounds were further assessed. Three active compounds, Z9-14:OAc, Z11-16:OAc and Z7-12:OAc, were identified as major constituents of sex pheromone extracted from rice strain FAW which were found to be feeding on maize. All three compounds triggered intense male antennation. This study provides a deeper insight into the sexual behaviour of fall armyworm which will help in the development of more efficient lure-based pest management strategies.