농업용수 수질기준의 문제점 및 개선대책 : 외국사례와의 비교를 통해

김진호,이종식,정구복,윤순강,고문환,심재천,권순국 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

우리나라 농업용수 수질기준과 다른 국가 또는 농업관련 국제기구의 수질기준에 대한 비교분석을 통해 우리나라 농업용수 수질기준의 문제점 도출과 해결방안을 모색코자 본 연구를 수행하게 되었으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라 농업용수 수질기준은 관개용수 수질기준이 아니고, 수원보호측면의 수질기준이라 할 수 있다. 2. 우리나라 수질기준중 유기물지표가 하천과 호소에 따라 BOD와 COD로 이원화되어 있고, 특히 COD의 경우 산화제로 KMnO4를 사용함으로써 효과적인 유기물지표로 활용할 수 없는 실정이다. 농업용수로의 활용측면에서는 K₂Cr₂O_(7)을 이용한 COD를 기준으로 도입하는 것이 유기물 분해능 및 수중의 유기물지표로 활용하고 있는 국제적 데이터 일치를 위해서도 타당하다. 3. 우리나라 농업용수 수질기준은 캐나다와 FAO에서 제시하고 있는 염류에 대한 기준은 거의 없는 실정이다. 또한 양이온에 대한 기준도 없다. 염류의 기준이 모든 이온 존재의 가능성을 의미하므로, 실험치 및 외국문헌에 의한 1.0dS/m수준을 한계농도로 선정해야 한다. 4. FAO와 캐나다에서 사용하고 있는 축산용수에 대한 수질기준이 없다. 5. 관개용 농업용수가 농업(작물)에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 평가하기 위해서는 수원별로 수질기준이 다른 것이 큰 모순이다. 따라서 관계부처에서는 부처간의 이해를 떠난 수질기준을 설정해야 한다. 6. 우리나라 농업용수 수질기준의 모순점을 극복하기 위해서는 농업의 안전성확보측면 위해 관개용수 수질기준과 축산용수 수질기준을 조속히 제정해야 할 것이다. Present problems and possible solutions on the Water Quality Standards for Agriculture in Korea, were identified in the study. Because the Ministry of Environment made the laws and standards without consulting the agri-scientists, among others, the water quality standards formulated were not suitable standards of FAO, Japan, Canada, and the likes. The BOD and COD are the organic materials indicators. In case of rivers, BOD are set for the indicator. And at reservoirs. COD are set. Especially. COD was analysed using KMnO₄It is not suitable oxidizing agent for COD. Because the oxidic capacity is very low. So, in most developed country, K₂Cr₂O_(7) is usually used to analyze COD. And the salts and cations are not belonged to the Korean Water Quality Standards for Agriculture. The water quality standards for agriculture have big differences among lakes, rivers and groundwater. To apply different standards by resources to evaluate the relationship between water and crops is conflicting. So, to overcome the these problems, the suitable water quality standards for irrigation and livestock should be set.

하천취수보 하류부의 세굴에 관한 실험적 연구

김문모,이원환 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

This is an experimental study on the local scour downstream of a head works. The investigation is carried out using geometrically similar models changing with weir height(4, 5, 7.5, 10cm), discharge per unit width(11.2, 22.4, 33.6, 44.7, 67.1, 89.4, 111.8lps) and lengths of apron (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0m). As the result, the maximum depth of scour hole is proportion to the weir height and discharge per unit width, and inverse proportion to the lengths of apron. And experimental equations are presented for the maximum depth of scour.

제왕절개술후 Fentanyl을 이용한 통증자가조절의 효과

김웅,김태환,조문성 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

계획된 제왕절개술을 받은 20명의 산모들을 대상으로 fentanyl을 이용한 정맥내 통증자가조절법(Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia:이하 PCA라 함)을 사용하여 술후 통증조절을 시행하고 VAS, 환자의 만족도, 부작용 등을 조사하였다. 각각의 환자에게 1.5mcg/kg의 fentanyl을 초회량으로 투여하였고 최대 유지용량은 1mcg/kg/hr로 하였다. 사용된 module의 주입 속도는 O.5ml/hr,lock-out interval은 15분이었다. 본 임상실험의 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1) VAS는 PCA시작전 8.18±.83에서 1시간 뒤에 3.15±0.49로 감소하였고, 그 뒤 계속 2∼4사이를 유지하였다. 2) 20명의 환자중 16명의 환자에서 대체로 만족하였다. 3) 부작용으로는 오심 및 구토, 소양증, 졸림증 등을 호소하였고 그정도가 비규적 경미하였다. 이상의 결과로 fentanyl을 이용한 술후 통증자가조절이 통증경감에 좋은 효과를 보이며 환자의 만족도가 높아 술후 통증조절의 유용한 방법이라 생각된다. Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) is gaining wide spread popularity in the man agement of post-operative pain. Herein, We studies 20 patients, ASA class I or II, undergoing elective Cesarean section under general anesthesia. We examined post-operative pain control level with VAS, patinet's satisfaction and side effects associated with the use of fentanyl and Baxter infusor. Each patient received 1.5mcg/kg as loading dose and 1mcg/kg/hr of fentanyl as maximum maintenance dose. The module had a flow rate of O.5ml/hr and lock-out interval was 15 minutes. Results were as follow: VAS were 8.18±0.83(before PCA), 3.15±O.83(lhr after PCA) and maintained between 2-4 throughout 24hrs, 16 out of 20 patients were satisfied. Side effects such as nausea, pruritus, drowsiness were noted but with mild intensity. We recommend the use of PCA with fentanyl after surgery to improve post-operative pain because it provides adequate pain relief and high patient's satisfaction.

폐종양과 감별이 어려운 탄분섬유증 4예

김동호,나문준,박순창,홍한기,김진환 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.1

Pulmonary anthracofibrosis may appear as a dark-gray color pigmentation on bronchus or pulmonary parenchyme and can result in pulmonary inflammation or fibrosis or emphysema. Some of the pigmentation can be accumulated in lymph node through lymphatics and result in lymphadenopathy. The causes of anthracofibrosis are aspiration of coal dust, or aromatic hydrocarbons, or air population, or silica dust and can be developed along with smoking or tuberculosis or lung cancer. We report 4 cases of pulmonary anthracofibrosis because we think it is necessary to distinguish pulmoary anthracosis acompanied by atelectasis, lymph node enlargement, and invasion to adjacent organ from lung cancer.

회수수 안정화제를 사용한 콘크리트의 공학적 특성에 관한 연구

김기정,金光華,이문환,이세현,한천구 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

In this study is investigated the engineering properties of concrete using stabilizing agent of recycling water in order to suggest a practical use of recycling water. According to the results. as stabilizing agent is added. fluidity and air content varies slightly with W/C, but does not make a big difference. Bleeding is reduced by adding stabilizing agent, and so it decreases by about 40% at the adding ratio of 0.15%. When stabilizing agent is not added, compressive strength decreases in comparison with plain concrete, but increases by adding stabilizing agent, so it is largest at adding ratio of 0.30%(W/C 30%) and 0.15%(W/C 40, 50%). Length change by drying shrinkage is larger than plain concrete in the case of no adding of stabilizing agent, but decreases by the use of stabilizing agent. Therefore, it is thought that when stabilizing agent is added to recycling water, quality deterioration of concrete is prevented, moreover, quality of concrete can be improved.

HgCdTe 제작 다이오드 어레이의 열처리에 따른 전기적 특성

이정환,권순석,김명녕,이상래,황문구 大田産業大學校 2001 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

This paper is investigated on the study of uniformity improvement and electrical characteristics for the 1×128 diode array used Hg^0.7Cd^0.3Te. The electrical characteristics were measured for the device manufactured by several different annealing processes and temperatures being discrepant from existing method of annealing processes and temperatures. The results of uniformity were improved from 60∼80[%], the rate of existing uniformity, to 99[%]. The results obtained from analyzing and examining the characteristics of current-voltage(I-V) and capacitance-voltage(C-V) are following. First, the reverse current show 6[㎁] or so. It is seemed to be resulted from the decrease of direct tunneling and trap tunneling of the device. Second, when the input bias voltage is zero, the maximum value of reverse resistance show 12[GΩ], and the mean value of reverse resistance show 5[GΩ]. Third, it is shown that the voltage of the maximum value of resistance is shifted 0.1[V] to the reverse direction.

고강도 콘크리트(80MPa이상)를 이용한 콘크리트충전강관구조 적용을 위한 기초물성 연구

이장환,강용학,정근호,김진호,정상진,최문식 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

One of the most important reasons that CFT is used in many conditions is by using that we can achieve the effect, which reduce the section of the member. This research purpose to find the most ideal composition, which is achieved by the investigation in the concrete's property of matter like ability of Slump, Slump Flow, Air content, Bleeding, and Settlement when the high strength of concrete which is over 80MPa is used m the CFT column.

신경회로망 자기동조 PID 제어기를 이용한 전력계통 안정화에 관한 연구

정형환,김상효,이정필,정문규 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1998 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.2

This paper applied the neural network self-tuning PID controller to its linearized one-machine infinite bus for improvement in the power system stabilization. It ia tried to regulate the optimum parameters of the PID Controller using the learning algorithm of error back propagation. The simulation results show that the proposed control technique is decidedly superior to the conventional ones in dynamic responses about various disturbances arising in the power system.

전력시스템의 부하주파수 제어를 위한 IA-PID 제어기 특성에 관한 연구

정형환,김창현,이정필,정문규 동아대학교 정보기술연구소 2001 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.9 No.1

In this paper, the robust PID controller using immune algorithm(IA) for load frequency control(LFC) is designed. In proposed method, objective function is represented as antigens. An affinity calculation is embedded within the algorithm for determining the promotion or suppression of antibody. Simulation results show that the proposed robust load frequency controller can achieve good performance even in the presence of generation rate constraints

CFT구조용 초고강도 충전 콘크리트의 현장 적용을 위한 실험적 연구

이장환,남정민,정근호,김진호,정상진,최문식 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

Due to social problems such as the increasing of land price and the expanding of city, buildings require more complex and bigger components and structure. However, the complex and massive building projects need new technology to solve effect of local buckling and the needs for more space. Hence, Concrete Filled Tube Steel (CFT), the tube steel to hold concrete during pouring and curing of concrete procedure, which helps to reduce local buckling and space, was developed. Most researches on CFT might not be focused on the characteristic of concrete filled in tube but structural analysis. However, it is the essential factor to increase the strength of concrete on CFT for having efficient results. Therefore, this paper will describe how to apply CFT into the construction site through examining High Strength Concrete (800kg/cm2), the strength of core, and bleeding during pouring strategy.