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Optimization analysis of the absorption-stabilization process for fluid catalytic cracking unit
Hussain Muhammad Saddam,Ahmed Ashfaq,Yibin Liu,Amin Muhammad Nadeem,Zahoor Tahir,Saleem Muhammad Afnan,Roh Kosan,Hussain Murid,Abu Bakar Muhammad Saifullah,박영권 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.7
The absorption-stabilization process (ASP), an important part of petroleum refinery used in the end-use products of petroleum (such as stable gasoline, liquid petroleum gas, and dry gas), is energy-intensive and has low product quality. Aspen Plus process simulator was used for the development of the ASP process model. The developed process model was validated with the actual plant data. The validated model was used to optimize to minimize the cost of the ASP. This work shows that the optimization analysis of the ASP can further improve the product quality and reduce thermal energy consumption. In the new process, changing feeding parameters of supplementary absorption oil, stripping tower intermediate reboiler, and feeding position of stabilization tower reduced the C3 contents of dry gas considerably and lowered the C2 and lighter contents of LPG. Additionally, the new process saved 1.32 MW of thermal energy consumption compared with the existing process. The operating cost has been reduced from 10.921 million USD annually to 9.830 million USD per year. Furthermore, the cost-saving effect of this optimization is about 9.99% (1.091 million USD per year).
Elemental Composition of the Soils using LIBS Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Muhammad Aslam Khoso,Seher Saleem,Altaf H. Nizamani,Hussain Saleem,Abdul Majid Soomro,Waseem Ahmed Bhutto,Saifullah Jamali,Nek Muhammad Shaikh International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2024 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.24 No.6
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique has been used for the elemental composition of the soils. In this technique, a high energy laser pulse is focused on a sample to produce plasma. From the spectroscopic analysis of such plasma plume, we have determined the different elements present in the soil. This technique is effective and rapid for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of all type of samples. In this work a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser operating with its fundamental mode (1064 nm laser wavelength), 5 nanosecond pulse width, and 10 Hz repetition rate was focused on soil samples using 10 cm quartz lens. The emission spectra of soil consist of Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), Titanium (Ti), Silicon (Si), Aluminum (Al), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Potassium (K), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Barium (Ba), Vanadium (V), Lead (Pb), Nitrogen (N), Scandium (Sc), Hydrogen (H), Strontium (Sr), and Lithium (Li) with different finger-prints of the transition lines. The maximum intensity of the transition lines was observed close to the surface of the sample and it was decreased along the axial direction of the plasma expansion due to the thermalization and the recombination process. We have also determined the plasma parameters such as electron temperature and the electron number density of the plasma using Boltzmann's plot method as well as the Stark broadening of the transition lines respectively. The electron temperature is estimated at 14611 °K, whereas the electron number density i.e. 4.1 × 10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> lies close to the surface.
Muhammad Saifullah,Ji Hyun Moon,SeJin Ahn,Jihye Gwak,Seung-Kyu Ahn,Kihwan Kim,Young-Joo Eo,Jae Ho Yun 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.11
A solar cell based on Cu(In1x,Gax)Se2 (CIGS) with bandgap (Eg) of 1.5 eV is superior because of the low coefficient of power loss and resistive losses. CIGS thin-films with the Eg ¼ 1.5 eV and Cu/(Ga þ In) (CGI) ratios of 0.92, 0.84, and 0.78 were deposited in this study using single-stage process. Photovoltaic (PV) parameters of the solar cell ameliorated on raising CGI values from 0.78 to 0.84, but abruptly deteriorated on further increasing the CGI value to 0.92. The PV properties of CIGS solar cell with CGI ¼ 0.92 were poor due to the high defect density and low shunt resistance. The optimal CGI range for making efficient wide gap CIGS solar cells through the single-stage process was found to be from ~0.80 to 0.84. The best CIGS solar cell with CGI value of 0.84 exhibited the conversion efficiency of 11.00%.
Optical Spectroscopic Analysis Techniques to Detect Elemental Profile of Human Teeth Dentine
Saifullah Jamali,Muhammad Aslam Khoso,Irfan Ali Sanjrani,Hussain Saleem,Tariq Ali Siyal,Muhammad Ashraf,Mansoor Ahmed Memon,Ghulam Murtaza,Zahid Hussain Arain,Zaheer Ahmed Ujjan,Muhammad Niaz Laghari International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.3
Numerous articles under the study and the examination of heavy metals in human teeth have been published in recent years. The heavy metal poisoning is a widespread issue emerged in toxicology area these days. It has been discovered that long-term exposure to heavy metals typically present in traces, in our everyday meals, drinking water, and in the environment as pollution causes heavy metal poisoning in human beings. Industrial effluents, Coal and Oil, as well as a variety of consumer items, such as cosmetics, can all cause this type of exposure. Teeth, which are often thought of as exoskeleton parts, store heavy metals with a high affinity and represent long-term exposure information. In this study, we have chosen and examined the sections of dentine instead, then examined the entire tooth. We have combined the work done on the examination of heavy metals in human teeth using several instrumental approaches e.g. "Optical Spectroscopic Techniques" to detect elemental profile of human teeth in the current study.
Saifullah, Muhammad,Kim, Kihwan,Shahzad, Rauf,Gwak, Jihye,Cho, Jun-Sik,Yoo, Jin-Su,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Joo Hyung Elsevier 2018 Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Vol.178 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Semitransparent (ST) Cu(In,Ga)Se<SUB>2</SUB> (CIGSe) solar cells based on the ultrathin absorbers with a bandgap of ~1.5eV are prepared on the tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) back electrode. In a solar cell with absorber thickness ≤300nm, incorporation of a sulfurized-AgGa (AGS) layer between the CIGSe layer and the ITO back contact was found to improve the device efficiency. This article explores the effect of the AGS layer on the CIGSe structure and CIGSe/ITO interface. Meanwhile, an ordered defect compound formation is observed in the AGS interlayered-CIGSe absorbers, the origin of which is the decrease in the (Ag+Cu)/(Ga+In) ratio arising from diffusion of In from the ITO to the absorber and the Ag/Ga ratio of 0.60 in the AGS layer. It is found that the AGS layer can significantly reduce the formation of the GaO<SUB>x</SUB> phase at the CIGSe/ITO interface. However, the increase in the deposition time of the CIGSe layer in the AGS interlayered-absorbers resulted in an increase in the GaO<SUB>x</SUB> interfacial (IF) layer thickness. The roll-over phenomenon in the illuminated J-V curves of devices based on AGS interlayered-absorbers became increasingly pronounced when the thickness of GaO<SUB>x</SUB> IF layer increased. The SCAPS (solar cell capacitance simulator) simulation results indicate that the reason for the roll-over effect in the illuminated J-V curves of the solar cells with AGS layers is the GaO<SUB>x</SUB> IF phase (n-type in nature). In light of the present results, possibilities to further enhance the conversion efficiency of ST CIGSe solar cells are also discussed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A sulfurized-AgGa (AGS) layer is inserted at Cu(In,Ga)Se<SUB>2</SUB> (CIGSe)/ITO interface. </LI> <LI> An ordered defect compound (ODC) was formed in AGS-interlayered CIGSe thin film. </LI> <LI> An AGS layer inhibits the formation of GaO<SUB>x</SUB> layer at the CIGSe/ITO interface. </LI> <LI> N-type nature of GaO<SUB>x</SUB> layer was responsible for the roll-over effect in AGS interlayered solar cells. </LI> </UL> </P>
Muhammad Saifullah,곽지혜,박주현,안승규,김기환,어영주,윤재호 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.9
CuInSe2 (CISe) with a bandgap of 1.0 eV is the appropriate bottom layer material for the multi-junction solar cell. CISe thin films have been prepared using the three-stage process, in which the substrate temperature (Ts) of the second and the third stage was varied from 490 to 580 C. The preferred orientation of the CISe film changed from (112) to (220) as the Ts was increased from 490 C to onward. CISe films had large and columnar grains at all values of Ts, but surface became increasingly smoother as the Ts was increased from 490 to 580 C. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Cd diffusion from CdS buffer layer to CISe layer was more when the preferred orientation was (220), which helped in the formation of homojunction inside CISe. Open circuit voltage increased upon increasing the Ts due to the increase in the Na concentration inside CISe. The conversion efficiency of the solar cells increased from 8.80 to 12.64% when the Ts was raised from 490 to 580 C.
IoT Enabled Intelligent System for Radiation Monitoring and Warning Approach using Machine Learning
Muhammad Saifullah,Imran Sarwar Bajwa,Muhammad Ibrahim,Mutyyba Asgher International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.5
Internet of things has revolutionaries every field of life due to the use of artificial intelligence within Machine Learning. It is successfully being used for the study of Radiation monitoring, prediction of Ultraviolet and Electromagnetic rays. However, there is no particular system available that can monitor and detect waves. Therefore, the present study designed in which IOT enables intelligence system based on machine learning was developed for the prediction of the radiation and their effects of human beings. Moreover, a sensor based system was installed in order to detect harmful radiation present in the environment and this system has the ability to alert the humans within the range of danger zone with a buzz, so that humans can move to a safer place. Along with this automatic sensor system; a self-created dataset was also created in which sensor values were recorded. Furthermore, in order to study the outcomes of the effect of these rays researchers used Support Vector Machine, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Decision Trees, Extra Trees, Bagging Classifier, Random Forests, Logistic Regression and Adaptive Boosting Classifier were used. To sum up the whole discussion it is stated the results give high accuracy and prove that the proposed system is reliable and accurate for the detection and monitoring of waves. Furthermore, for the prediction of outcome, Adaptive Boosting Classifier has shown the best accuracy of 81.77% as compared with other classifiers.
How Productive Are Life Insurance Institutions in Malaysia? A Malmquist Approach
Muhammad Mehedi Masud,Md. Sohel Rana,Md Aslam Mia,Md. Khaled Saifullah 한국유통과학회 2019 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this study is to investigate empirical evidences of productivity of life insurance institutions in Malaysia. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the productivity of the life insurance institutions in Malaysia. The overall findings show that the total factor productivity (TFP) has progressed by 2.5% per year during the study period from 2012 to 2016 in the Malaysian insurance industry. However, TFP change has declined from 2012 to 2015 and observed a negative growth in 2015-16 (3.3%). The highest productivity progress was documented during 2012-13 at a rate of 11.7% while the minimum productivity progress was during 2014-15 (only 0.2%). The results also indicate that the decomposition of TFP found that overall progress could mainly be attributed to technological change (TC). However, technical efficiency change (TEC) and pure technical efficiency change (PTE) have negative impact on TFP. The findings also show that most of the insurance companies have a steady growth. Therefore, this study will contribute new insights for the policy makers and insurance institutions to take appropriate steps in developing relevant policies for increasing productivity of insurance institutions in Malaysia