Association between the Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Essential Hypertension in Young Pakistani Patients

( Muhammad Ismail ),( Naveed Akhtar ),( Muhammad Nasir ),( Sadaf Firasat ),( Qasim Ayub ),( Shagufta Khaliq ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.5

Several studies have demonstrated the importance of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/ deletion (D) polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study sought to determine the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and essential hypertension in young Pakistanis. The frequency of the ACE I/D polymorphism was established by a comparative cross-sectional survey of Pakistani patients suffering from essential hypertension and ethnically matched normotensive controls. Samples were collected from tertiary care hospitals in northern Pakistan. Hypertensive individuals were defined as those with a systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg on three separate occasions, or those currently receiving one, or more, anti-hypertensive agents. DNA samples obtained from hypertensive (n = 211) and normotensive (n = 108) individuals were typed by PCR. The frequency of the ACE I/I genotype was significantly higher in hypertensive patients, aged 20-40 years, than in normotensive controls of the same age group (x²= 4.0, P = 0.041). Whereas no overall significant differences were observed between the I/I, I/D and D/D ACE genotypes (One way ANOVA, F = 0.672; P = 0.413). The association between the ACE I/I genotype and essential hypertension in individuals aged < 40 years suggests that ACE has a role in early onset essential hypertension in Pakistan.

RESEARCH : Open Access ; Evaluation of different milking practices for optimum production performance in Sahiwal cows

( Naveed Aslam ),( Muhammad Abdullah ),( Muhammad Fiaz ),( Jalees Ahmad Bhatti ),( Zeeshan Muhammad Iqbal ),( Nasrullah Bangulzai ),( Chang Weon Choi ),( Ik Hwan Jo ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2014 한국축산학회지 Vol.56 No.13

The production performance of multiparous lactating Sahiwal cows (n = 24) was evaluated according to both milking frequency and method. Selected animals were randomly divided into four groups containing six animals each under a completely randomized design. Cows in groups A & B were milked by the hand milking method three times per day, respectively. Similarly, cows in groups C & D were milked by the machine milking method two and three times per day, respectively. All animals were maintained under uniform feeding and management conditions. Dry matter intake was high in animal groups milked three times per day, and it remained unchanged between the hand and machine milking methods. Milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked three times compared to those milked twice per day, and it did not differ between hand and machine milking methods. Milk fat percentage was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked twice per day compared to those milked three times using both machine and hand milking methods. The percentage of total solids showed a similar pattern as the fat percentage. However, percentages of protein, lactose, and non-fat solids in milk were not significantly different(P > 0.05) among the treatment groups. Collectively, the results show that milking three times per day instead of twice at 8-hour intervals can enhance milk yield in Sahiwal cows using both hand and machine milking methods.

Irradiation applications for polymer nano-composites: A state-of-the-art review

Muhammad Jawwad Saif,Muhammad Naveed,Hafiz Muhammad Asif,Rabia Akhtar 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.60 No.-

In recent years, irradiation treatment has emerged as a popular technique for modification of nanostructures in fabrication of high performance polymer composites. The conventional modification methods typically involve expensive chemicals, difficult processing techniques and specialized chemistry. However, the irradiation treatment is considered simple, rapid and “green” technique that operates under ambient conditions and the product is free of residual initiators and modifiers. Such modifications develop strong interfacial matrix-nanostructure interactions and exhibit notable advantages as compared to chemical approaches. High energy radiations have beneficial effects for tailoring structure and properties of nano-systems with high precision. The irradiation processes, mechanisms, strategies and composites are reviewed in this article along with the potential applications and future challenges.

The Impact of Market Discipline on Charter Value of Commercial Banks: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange

Muhammad Naveed AKHTAR,Sana SALEEM 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.4

To tranquilize the devastating impact of unnecessary risk-taking behavior of banks towards the economy for maximizing their profits that usually arises due to widely known ‘moral-hazard’ problem originating from market competition and intensified by bank’s limited liability, the banking system is strongly monitored across all countries of the world. The goal of controlling would become more feasible if there exist some self-discipline and motivations which could safeguard the banks’ charter value through the mechanism of market discipline. Therefore, our study is aimed to scrutinize the relation between market discipline and charter value of local commercial banks that are registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange by analyzing a balanced panel data from the year 2007 to 2019. Deposit growth, interbank deposits, and subordinate debt are taken as proxies to measure market discipline whereas Tobin’s Q theory is applied for calculating the charter value. Generalized Least Square Regression with Fixed Effect Model is used for evaluation. The outcomes reveal that in the existence of control variables, all proxies of market discipline have a significant positive impact on bank charter value. Our research has important policy implications for monitoring and supervising financial intermediaries for their stability and soundness by offsetting the complications of moral-hazard in the financial systems.

Application of synthesized bovine serum albumin-magnetic iron oxide for phosphate recovery

Muhammad Naveed Afridi,Wonhee Lee,Jong-Oh Kim 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.86 No.-

Phosphorous is an essential nutrient that is widely used as a fertilizer in agriculture. However, itsincreased discharge from agricultural runoff contributes to eutrophication, necessitating its removalfrom wastewater. Adsorption is one of several treatment processes for this purpose. In this study, bovineserum albumin-magnetic iron oxide (BSA-MIO) was successfully synthesized using the co-precipitationmethod. Its morphology was characterized byfield emission scanning electron microscopy, energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Differentparameters that affect adsorption, such as initial phosphate concentration, reaction time, adsorbentdosage, pH, coexisting anions, and temperature, were investigated. The results showed that phosphateadsorption increased with reaction time and temperature while it decreased with an increase in solutionpH. The phosphate adsorption equilibrium time using BSA-MIO was 1 h. The estimated maximumadsorption capacity of BSA-MIO was 20.7 mg P g 1. Moreover, the pseudo-second-order model(R2 > 0.99) and Langmuir model (R2 > 0.99) elucidated the better description of the adsorption kineticsand isotherm, respectively, thereby suggesting the chemisorption nature of adsorption. The coexistinganions (NO3, Cl , SO42 , and CO32 ) showed no significant effect on phosphate adsorption. Moreover,the adsorbed phosphate was successfully desorbed using different concentrations and combinations ofNaOH and NaCl. © 2020 The Korean

영문지(JAST)게재논문 : Sahiwal 젖소의 최적 유생산을 위한 착유방법 측정 연구

( Naveed Aslam ),( Muhammad Abdullah ),( Muhammad Fiaz ),( Jalees Ahmad Bhatti ),( Zeeshan Muhammad Iqbal ),( Nasrullah Bangulzai ),최창원 ( Chang Weon Choi ),조익환 ( Ik Hwan Jo ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2014 축산기술과 산업 Vol.5 No.2

24두의 Sahiwal 젖소를 대상으로 착유횟수와 방법에 의한 생산량 변화를 측정하였다. 선발된 시험축은 완전임의배치법으로 6두씩 4그룹으로 공시되었다. A와 B 그룹의 젖소들은 손 착유법으로 착유하되 각각 일일 2회 및 3회 착유하였고 C와 D그룹의 젖소들은 기계 착유법으로 착유하되, 각각 일일 2회 및 3회 착유 하였다. 전 두수는 동일한 사료와 사양관리 하에서 유지되었다. 건물 섭취량은 일일 3회 착유하는 그룹에서 높게 나타났고 이것은 손 착유법과 기계 착유법 간에도 차이를 보이지 않았다. 일일 2회 착유와 비교해서 일일 3회 착유 시 유량이 높았고(P<0.05), 손 착유법와 기계 착유법 간의 차이는 없었다. 손 착유법과 기계 착유법을 이용한 그룹 모두에서 유지방 비율은 일일 3회 착유보다 2회 착유 시 높게 나타났고(P<0.05), 총고형물 비율 역시 유지방 비율과 비슷한 패턴을 보였다. 하지만, 단백질, 유당, 무지고형물 비율들은 시험구간 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 결론적으로 본 연구결과는 Sahiwal 젖소에 있어서 8시간 간격으로 2회 착유하는 것보다 3회 착유하는 것이 손 착유법이나 기계 착유법 모두에서 유량을 극대화할 수 있는 방법임을 보여주고 있다.

Effect of increasing dietary metabolizable protein on nitrogen efficiency in Holstein dairy cows

Muhammad Imran,Talat Naseer Pasha,Muhammad Qamer Shahid,Imran Babar,Muhammad Naveed ul Haque 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.5

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of increasing levels of metabolizable protein (MP) on lactation performance and nitrogen (N) efficiencies in lactating dairy cows. Methods: Nine multiparous cows in mid lactation [113±25 days in milk] received three treatments in a 3×3 Latin square design with a period length of 21 days. The treatments were three diets, designed to provide similar energy and increasing supply of MP (g/d) (2,371 [low], 2,561 [medium], and 2,711 [high] with corresponding crude protein levels [%]) 15.2, 18.4, and 20.9, respectively. Results: Increasing MP supplies did not modify dry matter intake, however, it increased milk protein, fat, and lactose yield linearly. Similarly, fat corrected milk increased linearly (9.3%) due to an increase in both milk yield (5.2%) and milk fat content (7.8%). No effects were observed on milk protein and lactose contents across the treatments. Milk nitrogen efficiency (MNE) decreased from 0.26 to 0.20; whereas, the metabolic efficiency of MP decreased from 0.70 to 0.60 in low to high MP supplies, respectively. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased linearly in response to increasing MP supplies. Conclusion: Increasing MP supplies resulted in increased milk protein yield; however, a higher BUN and low MNE indicated an efficient utilization of dietary protein at low MP supplies.

Evaluation of Glucose Dehydrogenase and Pyrroloquinoline Quinine (pqq) Mutagenesis that Renders Functional Inadequacies in Host Plants

( Muhammad Naveed ),( Younas Sohail ),( Nauman Khalid ),( Iftikhar Ahmed ),( Abdul Samad Mumtaz ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.8

The rhizospheric zone abutting plant roots usually clutches a wealth of microbes. In the recent past, enormous genetic resources have been excavated with potential applications in host plant interaction and ancillary aspects. Two Pseudomonas strains were isolated and identified through 16S rRNA and rpoD sequence analyses as P. fluorescens QAU67 and P. putida QAU90. Initial biochemical characterization and their root-colonizing traits indicated their potential role in plant growth promotion. Such aerobic systems, involved in gluconic acid production and phosphate solubilization, essentially require the pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ)- dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) in the genome. The PCR screening and amplification of GDH and PQQ and subsequent induction of mutagenesis characterized their possible role as antioxidants as well as in growth promotion, as probed in vitro in lettuce and in vivo in rice, bean, and tomato plants. The results showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in parameters of plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight, etc., deciphering a clear and in fact complementary role of GDH and PQQ in plant growth promotion. Our study not only provides direct evidence of the in vivo role of GDH and PQQ in host plants but also reveals their functional inadequacy in the event of mutation at either of these loci.

Tax Planning, Financial Constraints and Investment Management: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Muhammad Naveed BUTT,Qaisar Ali MALIK,Abdul WAHEED,Aftab Hussain TABASSUM 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.12

The aim of this study is to provide insight into tax avoidance through planning and management, and its investment consequences in financially constrained and unconstrained firms, as well as to empirically examine the interrelationships between the variables studied. Data was extracted from the financial statement analysis of non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) published by the State Bank of Pakistan, covering ten major manufacturing sectors. KZ index and WW index are used to identify financially constrained and unconstrained firms. Tax avoidance is measured by using GETR and LETR. All the equations are estimated through panel data regression models using common, fixed, and random effects. The empirical investigation of the role of tax avoidance in all firms collectively and constrained and unconstrained firms separately showed that the tax avoidance behavior of these firms is translated into investments by these firms. The study will help policymakers in strategy formulation and implementation related to tax planning and investment decisions in constrained and unconstrained firms to overcome their financial constraints and to optimize their investment decisions for value maximization. This will substantially increase the investment in the country by providing growth opportunities and lowering the tax rates.

Adsorption of methyl orange using self-assembled porous microspheres of poly(o-chloroaniline)

Muhammad Naveed Anjum,Heqing Tang,Mohammad Zuber,Khalid Mahmood Zia,Lihua Zhu,Haroon-ur-Rashid,Mirza Nadeem Ahmad 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.12

Self-assembled hollow microspheres poly(o-chloroaniline) (POC) have been synthesized by simple oxida-tive polymerization of o-chloroaniline using camphor-sulfonic acid (CSA) as dopant acid and ammonium persulfate(APS) as oxidant. The POC microspheres were characterized by means of FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. Adsorptioncharacteristics of POC spheres were studied by using methyl orange (MO) as adsorbate. It was found that adsorptionof MO by POC was better described by pseudo-second-order kinetics than any other kinetic model, such as the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was the best to fit experimentaldata. The results showed that hollow microspheres of POC can be used as novel and low-cost adsorbent for removalof organic dye from waste water.