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Muhammad M Alam,Muhammad Waqas,Hussain Shallwani,Gohar Javed 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.4
Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Purpose: To describe the characteristics of lumbar vertebrae of Pakistani patients reporting at a tertiary care hospital and compare with studies from other populations. Overview of Literature: Several studies have been conducted to determine morphometry of lumbar vertebrae. Most of the studies involve Caucasian populations, still data on other populations still sparse. This is the first study describing lumbar morphometry of a Pakistani population. Methods: An observational study was conducted based on a review of thin-cut (3 mm) computed topographic images of lumbar vertebrae. Two-hundred and twenty vertebrae from forty-nine patients were studied, and various dimensions were analyzed. Results: Generally, the size of the vertebrae, vertebral canals and recesses were found to be greater in male patients. The difference was statistically significant for transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the vertebral bodies and sagittal diameter of pedicles on the left side (p <0.05). Comparison of populations revealed statistically significant differences in pedicle dimensions between Pakistani population and others. Conclusions: This study provides anatomical knowledge of the lumbar region in a sample population of Pakistan. There were significant differences in various dimensions of lumbar vertebrae between female and male patients. This would prove to be critical for performing a safe operation.
Muhammad Afaq Javed,Muhammad Irfan,Sumera Khalid,Yulong Chen,Saeed Ahmed 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.20 No.7
In recent years, Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) have emerged as useful materials for structural strengthening and rehabilitation. The main aspire of this research is towards evaluating the efficiency of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) in enhancing the shear strength of deep beams. The research work included construction and testing of eight (08) reinforced concrete deep beams. Two of the beams, designated as control beams, were without any shear reinforcement. Remaining six beams were divided into three groups, with each group having two identical beams. Beams in one of these groups were strengthened with conventional type of steel web reinforcement. Remaining two groups were strengthened externally by CFRP sheets with different orientations of CFRP. Magnitude of load causing shear cracks to initiate, and the failure load of each beam was recorded. Significant increase in overall load carrying capacities was observed with both CFRP sheets and web steel reinforcement. CFRP was found to be considerably effective in delaying the initial appearance of shear cracks, thereby improving the serviceability limit state of beams. Beams with CFRP orientation perpendicular to the shear cracks showed higher increment in shear strength. In conclusion, CFRP laminates could effectively be used to strengthen existing RC structures deficient in shear strength, and also to reduce/replace internal steel web reinforcement in new RC structures. Material cost comparison of CFRP reinforced beams with conventional web reinforcement is presented, and the general cost effectiveness of structural rehabilitation by means of CFRP is also discussed.
Muhammad Amir,Tahir Fazal,Javed Iqbal,Aamir Alaud Din,Ashfaq Ahmed,Asim Ali,Abdul Razzaq,Zulfiqar Ali,Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman,박영권 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.115 No.-
The expensive carbonaceous substrates including graphene, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubeshave been coupled with ZnO to improve the properties and photocatalytic performance of carbon basedZnO photocatalysts. To replace these expensive materials, biochar offers as a low-cost alternative to preparebiochar-based photocatalysts. In this study, Calotropis gigantea leaves derived biochar-ZnO (BC-ZnO)composites were synthesized to overcome the ZnO related problems (charge recombination, wider bandgap, and poor visible light absorption). Different BC-ZnO (BCZ-1–3) composites were characterized toevaluate their intrinsic properties and composites were employed to degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP). BCZ-3composite exhibited slower recombination of electron-hole pairs, lower band gap (2.97 eV), and betterlight absorption in visible region than ZnO. The enhanced adsorptive-photocatalytic degradation efficiencywas attained up to 98.5% using BCZ-3 than BC (46.2%) and ZnO (41.4%). The O2 and OH radicalswithin BCZ-3 are dominant reactive species indulged in CIP photocatalytic degradation. BCZ-3 photocatalystexhibits 80% degradation of CIP after four regeneration cycles. The maximum adsorption capacitywas achieved 54.18 mg g1 for BCZ-3 than BC (46.20 mg g1) and ZnO (15.55 mg g1). The results showthat BCZ-X composites can be used as stable, efficient, economical, and sustainable composite for therecovery of pharmaceutical wastewater.
Lightpaths Routing for Single Link Failure Survivability in IP-over-WDM Networks
Javed, Muhammad,Thulasiraman, Krishnaiyan,Xue, Guoliang(Larry) The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2007 Journal of communications and networks Vol.9 No.4
High speed all optical network is a viable option to satisfy the exponential growth of internet usage in the recent years. Optical networks offer very high bit rates and, by employing technologies like internet protocol over wavelength division multiplexing(IP-over-WDM), these high bit rates can be effectively utilized. However, failure of a network component, carrying such high speed data traffic can result in enormous loss of data in a few seconds and persistence of a failure can severely degrade the performance of the entire network. Designing IP-over-WDM networks, which can withstand failures, has been subject of considerable interest in the research community recently. Most of the research is focused on the failure of optical links in the network. This paper addresses the problem of designing IP-over-WDM networks that do not suffer service degradation in case of a single link failure. The paper proposes an approach based on the framework provided by a recent paper by M. Kurant and P. Thiran. The proposed approach can be used to design large survivable IP-over-WDM networks.
Muhammad Altaf Nazir,Tayyaba Najam,Muhammad Sohail Bashir,Muhammad Sufyan Javed,Muhammad Aswad Bashir,Muhammad Imran,Umair Azhar,Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah,Aziz ur Rehman 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.1
The use of highly efficient, environment-friendly and economically inexpensive materials for the adsorption removal of contaminants from water has always been considered as emerging task. In this study, we synthesized hybrid tri-metallic nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCoAl-LDH) porous material for the adsorption removal of Eosin yellow (EY) and Malachite green (MG) from water. The characterization results disclosed that tri-metallic LDH has been synthesized with extraordinary purity, identical morphology and high surface area (134.21 m2·g−1). The NiCoAl-LDH performs the best for adsorption of EY (qe=37.30mg·g−1 at pH=2) and MG (qe=39.61 mg·g−1 at pH=10). The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to explain the adsorption process of dyes on the surface of LDH. The Langmuir model (R2=0.991 and 0.999 for Eosin Y and Malachite G, respectively) was very appropriate to explain the process of adsorption on NiCoAl-LDH as homogeneous (monolayer). The maximum adsorption capacity of EY and MG calculated with Langmuir model was 78.74 and 110.13 mg·g−1 at 30 °C, respectively. Also with 240 minutes contact time 94.8% EY and 89.9% MG was adsorbed by as synthesized NiCoAl-LDH nanosheets. The NiCoAl-LDH nanosheets showed excellent performance of reusability of up to five regeneration cycles. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of NiCoAl-LDH nanosheets after five regeneration cycles, to adsorb EY, decreased only from 40.80 to 36.93 mg·g−1 and that of MG from 79.21 to 75.42 mg·g−1, which is acceptable. The overall results Suggest that the fabricated NiCoAl-LDH is favorable for the purification of dye contaminated water.
Muhammad Javed,Lin Siew Eng,Abdul Rashid Mohamed,Shaik Abdul Malik Mohamed Ismail 아시아영어교육학회 2016 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.13 No.3
Reading strategies assist English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers to teach reading comprehension effectively to ESL students in developing their reading comprehension abilities. This study aimed at identifying reading strategies used by teachers that help them teach literal, reorganisation and inferential comprehension questions to ESL students. The target population was the ESL teachers teaching at the secondary school level in Penang, Malaysia. The ESL teachers from ten secondary schools who were teaching English to Form Four students were selected through convenient sampling. A questionnaire consisting of reading strategies that help ESL teachers teach literal, reorganisation and inferential comprehension questions developed by the researchers was used to collect data. The data were analysed through descriptive statistics to determine the frequency of reading strategies used by the ESL teachers. The findings, based on the quantitative analysis of data, revealed that the ESL teachers use different reading strategies for teaching literal and reorganisation comprehension questions but a small repertoire of reading strategies was employed for teaching inferential comprehension questions. Therefore, the researchers suggested a productive means of reading strategies to employ for teaching reading comprehension, particularly for teaching inferential comprehension questions in order to enhance ESL students’ higher order thinking skills and reading comprehension abilities.
Muhammad Kamran,Nazir Javed,Ihsan Ullah,Shahid Nazir,Shakra Jamil,Muhammad Zafar Iqbal,Huma Abbas,Sajid Aleem Khan,Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.1
A great variable response was observed when PP-3 and PP-J encumbered with 116 populations of root knot nematode (RKN) at two different temperatures (25 ± 2°C and 30 ± 2°C) and concentrations (104 and 105 spores/ml). The PCR reaction amplified intergenic region between cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (COII) and large subunit of rRNA gene (lrRNA) of the mitochondrial genome of different RKN species. The primer C2F3 and 1108 identified M. incognita with the highest frequency (52.6%) followed by M. javanica (36.8%) and M. arenaria (10.5%). The sizes of PCR products were 1.7 kb for M. incognita and M. javanica populations while populations of M. arenaria produced 1.1 kb fragment. The digestion with Hinf I yielded three different fragment length patterns on 1.5 % agarose gel. From current research it is concluded that intra-Meloidogyne genetic variability exist in RKN populations which have better encumbrance with P. penetrans.
Lipid and Protein Constituents of Crotalaria juncea L.
Muhammad Akhtar Javed,Muhammad Saleem,Muhammad Yamin,Tanvir Ahmad Chaudri 한국생약학회 1999 Natural Product Sciences Vol.5 No.3
Seed lipids and proteins of Crotalaria juncea L were analyzed for fatty acids and amino acids respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil gave palmitic acid (16.01%), stearic acid (7.29%), oleic acid (14.41%), linoleic acid (54.44%) and linolenic acid (7.86%). The defatted seed cake contained all the essential amino acids except methionine and six non-essential amino acids.
Using Support Vector Machine to Predict Political Affiliations on Twitter: Machine Learning approach
Muhammad Javed,Kiran Hanif,Arslan Ali Raza,Syeda Maryum Batool,Syed Muhammad Ali Haider International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2024 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.24 No.5
The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using Support Vector Machine (SVM) for political affiliation classification. The system was designed to analyze the political tweets collected from Twitter and classify them as positive, negative, and neutral. The performance analysis of the SVM classifier was based on the calculation of metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score. The results showed that the classifier had high accuracy and f1-score, indicating its effectiveness in classifying the political tweets. The implementation of SVM in this study is based on the principle of Structural Risk Minimization (SRM), which endeavors to identify the maximum margin hyperplane between two classes of data. The results indicate that SVM can be a reliable classification approach for the analysis of political affiliations, possessing the capability to accurately categorize both linear and non-linear information using linear, polynomial or radial basis kernels. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of using SVM for political affiliation analysis and highlights the importance of using accurate classification methods in the field of political analysis.