Fully-distributed Consensus Control of Multi-agent Systems Under Stochastic Hybrid Attacks on a Directed Graph

Muhammad Mamoon,Ghulam Mustafa,Naeem Iqbal,Muhammad Rehan 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2024 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.22 No.7

This study presents a consensus control method for generic linear multi-agent systems (MASs) subject to stochastic deception attacks on actuators and random denial of service (DoS) attacks over communication channels. In this case, the MASs are communicating over a compromised network where the attackers are performing random DoS attacks and injecting data into the control inputs. A fully-distributed robust-adaptive consensus protocol is designed for both types of stochastic cyber-attacks by taking into account the immediate partial information per node rather than global information and by accounting for the signals added by adversaries. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a fully-distributed consensus control approach with adaptive gains (without requiring any global knowledge for the design) under hybrid cyber-attacks of stochastic nature over a directed graph has been addressed for the first time. Finally, simulation results are presented to further illustrate the theoretical results’ effectiveness.

A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, bioactivity and medicinal value of bioactive compounds of pomegranate (Punica granatum)

Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Ranjha,Bakhtawar Shafique,Lufeng Wang,Shafeeqa Irfan,Muhammad Naeem Safdar,Mian Anjum Murtaza,Muhammad Nadeem,Shahid Mahmood,Ghulam Mueen-ud-Din,Hafiz Rehan Nadeem 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2023 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.23 No.1

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) acts as a therapeutic fruit possessing different bioactive compounds. Different compartments of pomegranate (P. granatum) like seed, peel, juice and leaves are rich in potential bioactive compounds. Pomegranate contains sinapyl, coniferyl, ellagic acid, cinnamic acid, genistein, linoleic acid, anthocyanin, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, cyanidin, punicalin, delphinidin, punicalagin, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, luteolin and pelletierine alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanin and caffeic acid. Pomegranate also exhibits significant anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive, cardioprotective and anti-diabetic properties and anti-carcinogenic possessions including prevention of prostate cancer; reduction in colon inflammation, prevention of skin tumorigenesis, improvement in renal function and reduction in metastatic melanoma growth. This review summarizes the current available data on the phytochemistry, bioavailability and therapeutic importance of potential bioactive compounds of pomegranate.

Acacia Species for the Rehabilitation and Utilization of Salt-affected Lands and Waters

Muhammad Saqib,Ghulam Abbas,Javaid Akhtar,Muhammad Kashif Ali 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Effect of Compost and Gypsum Application on the Chemical Properties and Fertility Status of Saline-Sodic Soil

Ghulam Sarwar,Muhammad Ibrahim,Mukkram Ali Tahir,Yasir Iftikhar,Muhammad Sajjad Haider,Noor-us-Sabah,한경화,하상건,장용선 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.3

Salt-affected soils are present in Pakistan in significant quantity. This experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of compost for reclamation and compare its efficiency with gypsum. For this purpose,various combinations of compost and gypsum were used to evaluate their efficacy for reclamation. A saline-sodic field having pHs 8.90, ECe 5.94 dS m^–1 and SAR 34.5 (mmol L^–1)^1/2, SP (saturation percentage)42.29% and texture Sandy clay loam, gypsum requirement (GR) 8.75 Mg ha^–1 was selected for this study. The experiment comprised of seven treatments (control, gypsum alone, compost alone and different combinations of compost and gypsum based on soil gypsum requirements). Inorganic and organic amendments (gypsum and compost) were applied to a saline sodic soil. Rice and wheat crops were grown. Soil samples were collected from each treatment after the harvest of both crops and analyzed for chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) and fertility status (organic matter,available phosphorus and potassium contents) of soil. Results of this study revealed that compost and gypsum improved chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) of saline sodic soil to the desired levels. Similarly, all parameters of soil fertility like organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium contents were built up with the application of compost and gypsum.

Development of novel hybrid 2D-3D graphene oxide diamond micro composite polyimide films to ameliorate electrical & thermal conduction

Muhammad Shoaib Bhutta,Tang Xuebang,Shakeel Akram,Chen Yidong,Xiancheng Ren,Muhammad Fasehullah,Ghulam Rasool,Muhammad Tariq Nazir 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.114 No.-

Graphene and its oxides are the most extensively studied, fascinating 2-dimensional Sp2 carbon hybridizedmaterials. Due to its superior and excellent thermal conductivity, it is considered to be a practicalsolution for the thermal dissipation of electric machines electronic components. Furthermore, grapheneoxide invariably reduces electrical insulation capability, which is inappropriate for electrical machinesrequiring low electrical and high thermal conductivity. Therefore, we have created 2D-3D hybrid grapheneoxide (GO)-diamond (DM) micro-composite polyimide (PI) films for high temperature and electricallyinsulated environments of electric machines such as motors and generators. With a modest fillingcharge of 10 wt% GO with 10% diamond (DM), the maximum thermal conductivity of 1.83 Wm-1K1 isachieved for polyimide micro composite and is almost 11 times higher than that of pristine PI films. The 10% PI/GO/DM micro composite films also show lower electrical conductivity than other samples. Hybrid fillers with high thermal and low electrical conductivities are responsible for synergistic improvementsin experimental results.

A Review on Camel Milk Composition, Techno-Functional Properties and Processing Constraints

Muhammad Asif Arain,Hafiz Muhammad Salman,Mehboob Ali,Gul Bahar Khaskheli,Ghulam Shabir Barham,Illahi Bakhash Marghazani,Shabbir Ahmed 한국축산식품학회 2024 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.44 No.4

Camel milk plays a critical role in the diet of peoples belongs to the semi-arid and arid regions. Since prehistoric times, camel milk marketing was limited due to lacking the processing facilities in the camel-rearing areas, nomads practiced the selfconsumption of raw and fermented camel milk. A better understanding of the technofunctional properties of camel milk is required for product improvement to address market and customer needs. Despite the superior nutraceutical and health promoting potential, limited camel dairy products are available compared to other bovines. It is a challenging impetus for the dairy industry to provide diversified camel dairy products to consumers with superior nutritional and functional qualities. The physicochemical behavior and characteristics of camel milk is different than the bovine milk, which poses processing and technological challenges. Traditionally camel milk is only processed into various fermented and non-fermented products; however, the production of commercially important dairy products (cheese, butter, yogurt, and milk powder) from camel milk still needs to be processed successfully. Therefore, the industrial processing and transformation of camel milk into various products, including fermented dairy products, pasteurized milk, milk powder, cheese, and other products, require the development of new technologies based on applied research. This review highlights camel milk’s processing constraints and techno-functional properties while presenting the challenges associated with processing the milk into various dairy products. Future research directions to improve product quality have also been discussed.

Black Phosphorus-IGZO van der Waals Diode with Low-Resistivity Metal Contacts

Dastgeer, Ghulam,Khan, Muhammad Farooq,Cha, Janghwan,Afzal, Amir Muhammad,Min, Keun Hong,Ko, Byung Min,Liu, Hailiang,Hong, Suklyun,Eom, Jonghwa American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.11

<P>There have been a few studies of heterojunctions composed of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and an oxide layer, but such studies of high-performance electric and optoelectronic devices are essential. Such heterojunctions with low-resistivity metal contacts are needed by the electronics industry to fabricate efficient diodes and photovoltaic devices. Here, a van der Waals heterojunction composed of p-type black phosphorus (p-BP) and n-type indium-gallium-zinc oxide (n-IGZO) films with low-resistivity metal contacts is reported, and it demonstrates high rectification. The low off-state leakage current in the thick IGZO film accounts for the high rectification ratio in a sharp interface of p-BP/n-IGZO devices. For electrostatic gate control, an ionic liquid is introduced to achieve a high rectification ratio of 9.1 × 10<SUP>4</SUP>. The photovoltaic measurements of p-BP/n-IGZO show fast rise and decay times, significant open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, and a high photoresponsivity of 418 mA/W with a substantial external quantum efficiency of 12.1%. The electric and optoelectronic characteristics of TMDs/oxide layer van der Waals heterojunctions are attractive for industrial applications in the near future.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Effect of Compost and Gypsum Application on the Chemical Properties and Fertility Status of Saline-Sodic Soil

Sarwar, Ghulam,Ibrahim, Muhammad,Tahir, Mukkram Ali,Iftikhar, Yasir,Haider, Muhammad Sajjad,Noor-Us-Sabah, Noor-Us-Sabah,Han, Kyung-Hwa,Ha, Sang-Keun,Zhang, Yong-Seon Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.3

Salt-affected soils are present in Pakistan in significant quantity. This experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of compost for reclamation and compare its efficiency with gypsum. For this purpose, various combinations of compost and gypsum were used to evaluate their efficacy for reclamation. A saline-sodic field having $pH_s$ 8.90, $EC_e$ $5.94dS\;m^{-1}$ and SAR $34.5(mmol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$, SP (saturation percentage) 42.29% and texture Sandy clay loam, gypsum requirement (GR) $8.75Mg\;ha^{-1}$ was selected for this study. The experiment comprised of seven treatments (control, gypsum alone, compost alone and different combinations of compost and gypsum based on soil gypsum requirements). Inorganic and organic amendments (gypsum and compost) were applied to a saline sodic soil. Rice and wheat crops were grown. Soil samples were collected from each treatment after the harvest of both crops and analyzed for chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) and fertility status (organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium contents) of soil. Results of this study revealed that compost and gypsum improved chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) of saline sodic soil to the desired levels. Similarly, all parameters of soil fertility like organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium contents were built up with the application of compost and gypsum.

Reproduction-Nutrition Relationship in Dairy Buffaloes. I. Effect of Intake of Protein, Energy and Blood Metabolites Levels

Qureshi, Muhammad Subhan,Habib, Ghulam,Samad, Hafiz Abdus,Siddiqui, Muhammad Mohsin,Ahmad, Nazir,Syed, Mirajuddin Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.3

Fifty one Nili-Ravi dairy buffaloes in their last two months of gestation were selected. After parturition, rectal examination of reproductive organs was carried out until the occurrence of the first oestrus (PEI). Milk samples were analyzed for milk progesterone levels (MPL). Ovulation (POI) was confirmed by rectal palpation and MPL. Feed and blood samples were collected fortnightly and analyzed. Body condition score (BCS) was recorded on a scale of 0 to 5. Crude protein (CP) intake varied among different seasons and correlated positively with serum urea levels, POI (p<0.01) and PEI (p<0.05). Excess CPI was lower in the group showing oestrus as compared to those remaining as anoestrus (p<0.05). The dietary ratio of crude protein - metabolizable energy (CP:ME) in the oestrus animals was narrow and constant, while the anoestrus animals had a widely fluctuating one. In normal breeding season (NBS) calvers, mean serum urea level (SUL) was lower than the low breeding season (LBS) calvers. SUL was positively correlated with PEI and POI (p<0.01). Up to six months postpartum, SUL were constantly higher in anoestrus than oestrus buffaloes. Mean metabolizable energy (ME) intake was lower in the NBS calvers than the LBS calvers (p<0.01). BCS and postpartum ovulation interval were correlated with ME intake (p<0.01). Prepartum ME intake was higher in oestrous as compared to anoestrous animals (p<0.05). Higher and lower ME intakes were associated with anoestrus, while a moderate energy intake was associated with a PEI of less than 75 days. Buffaloes with poor BCS belonged to the LBS calving group and most of the NBS calving buffaloes had good BCS. BCS was negatively correlated with PEI (p<0.01) and was higher in oestrous buffaloes than anestrus. It was concluded that excess intake of crude protein, associated with higher serum urea levels and low energy intake, associated with poor body condition, are the key factors for low reproductive efficiency. It may be corrected by adopting a proper feeding strategy.

Understanding and Responsiveness Level about Cervical Cancer and its Avoidance among Young Women of Pakistan

Khan, Ghulam Jilany,Naeem, Hafiza Sadaf,Khan, Sara,Jamshaid, Talha,Sajid, Muhammad Imran,Bashir, Irfan,Jamshaid, Muhammad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst the gynecological cancers worldwide, especially in developing countries. There are few to no initial symptoms and signs. This study was conducted to assess the awareness level of young Pakistani women about cervical cancer and to educate them about this deadly disease. A detailed questionnaire regarding demographic data and information about cervical cancer was distributed in different cities of Punjab. A total of 873 women took part in this survey and 70.1 percent were totally unaware of this cancer. Only 8.5% of the whole surveyed population knew accurately about cancer of cervix, 7% of the surveyed respondents correctly specified the human papilloma virus as the causative agent. Only 5.2% respondents were able to identify the Pap smear test as a diagnostic measure. Out of all the surveyed population only 4.3% of individuals were found to be vaccinated against this disease and the majority was found from the medical profession. Medical professionals, students, working women, housewives and uneducated individuals took active part in this survey. This study demonstrates a low level of awareness among Pakistani women and a need for an active campaign by media and government to increase understanding as well as introducing measures for improved prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.