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GENOMICS IN NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES : APPLICATIONS TO OBESITY RESEARCH
Naima Moustaid Moussa 이화여자대학교 인간생활환경연구소 2002 생활환경대학 출범 기념 심포지엄 : 생활환경학의 새로운 시도 Vol. No.
This presentation will introduce the major analytical techniques used in modern nutritional sciences. These include genetics, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Applications of some of these techniques to obesity research are discussed. Specifically, we will review the recent progress in obesity research emphasizing the role of adipose tissue in obesity and associated disorders. The first obesity gene to be discovered was agouti. The product of this gene is secreted from human adipose tissue. Alterations in expression of the agouti gene in the central nervous system and/or in peripheral tissues leads to increased adiposity. Interaction of this gene with high fat diets further promotes adiposity. We used genetically engineered models of agouti expression as well as cultured adipocytes are used to dissect the function of this protein and the mechanisms leading to obesity when its expression is altered.
Heo Young-Ran,Moustaid-Moussa Naima The Korean Society of Community Nutrition 2006 Journal of community nutrition Vol.8 No.2
Adipose tissue has now been recognized as a rich source of metabolically active molecules that include leptin and angiotensinogen (AGT), the precursor of angiotensin II (Ang II). Both of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic alteration and hypertension associated with obesity. In this study, we examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI), adipocyte size, leptin, Ang II secretion and mRNA expression in human adipose tissue obtained from female subjects. Leptin and Ang II were analyzed using specific radioimmunoassay kits following a 48hour tissue culture. Leptin and Ang II secretion varied from 1.4 - 72.1ng/g and 0.8 - 57.3pg/g of tissue respectively. These large individual variations limit significant correlation between BMI, leptin and Ang II secretion. Ang II secretion was significantly higher in the obese than the non-obese (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with BMI. However, no difference in leptin secretion between the obese and the non-obese was observed and leptin secretion showed negative correlation with BMI. No difference in leptin and AGT mRNA expression in adipose tissue between the obese and the non-obese was observed. Although several limitations of this study, we found increased Ang II secretion in obese patients compared with non-obese patients, and positive correlation between AGT and BMI. Observed difference in AGT expression between the obese and the non-obese in this study might be of importance in relation with obesity related hypertension. (J Community Nutrition 8(2): 69-75, 2006)
Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Obesity Properties of Food Bioactive Components
Shasika Jayarathne,Iurii Koboziev,Oak-Hee Park,Wilna Oldewage-Theron,Chwan-Li Shen,Naima Moustaid-Moussa 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.22 No.4
Obesity is an epidemic and costly disease affecting 13% of the adult population worldwide. Obesity is associated with adipose tissue hypertrophy and hyperplasia, as well as pathologic endocrine alterations of adipose tissue including local and chronic systemic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, this inflammation is a risk factor for both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance. Basic and clinical studies demonstrate that foods containing bioactive compounds are capable of preventing both obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, improving obesity-associated MetS in human subjects and animal models of obesity. In this review, we discuss the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory protective effects of some bioactive polyphenols of plant origin and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, available for the customers worldwide from commonly used foods and/or as components of commercial food supplements. We review how these bioactive compounds modulate cell signaling including through the nuclear factor-κB, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, toll-like receptors, and G-protein coupled receptor 120 intracellular signaling pathways and improve the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators secreted by adipose tissue and subsequently lower systemic inflammation and risk for metabolic diseases.