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Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Deficiency in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Cho, Young-Nan,Kee, Seung-Jung,Kim, Tae-Jong,Jin, Hye Mi,Kim, Moon-Ju,Jung, Hyun-Ju,Park, Ki-Jeong,Lee, Sung-Ji,Lee, Shin-Seok,Kwon, Yong-Soo,Kee, Hae Jin,Kim, Nacksung,Park, Yong-Wook American Association of Immunologists 2014 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.
<P>Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells contribute to protection against certain microorganism infections and play an important role in mucosal immunity. However, the role of MAIT cells remains enigmatic in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we examined the level and function of MAIT cells in patients with rheumatic diseases. MAIT cell, cytokine, and programmed death-1 (PD-1) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis patients. In particular, this MAIT cell deficiency was more prominent in CD8<SUP>+</SUP> and double-negative T cell subsets, and significantly correlated with disease activity, such as SLE disease activity index and 28-joint disease activity score. Interestingly, MAIT cell frequency was significantly correlated with NKT cell frequency in SLE patients. IFN-γ production in MAIT cells was impaired in SLE patients, which was due to an intrinsic defect in the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>/calcineurin/NFAT1 signaling pathway. In SLE patients, MAIT cells were poorly activated by α-galactosylceramide–stimulated NKT cells, thereby showing the dysfunction between MAIT cells and NKT cells. Notably, an elevated expression of PD-1 in MAIT cells and NKT cells was associated with SLE. In rheumatoid arthritis patients, MAIT cell levels were significantly higher in synovial fluid than in peripheral blood. Our study primarily demonstrates that MAIT cells are numerically and functionally deficient in SLE. In addition, we report a novel finding that this MAIT cell deficiency is associated with NKT cell deficiency and elevated PD-1 expression. These abnormalities possibly contribute to dysregulated mucosal immunity in SLE.</P>
Ahn, Sang Hee,Gil, Moon Soo,Lee, Doo Sung,Han, Youngyih,Park, Hee Chul,Sohn, Jason W,Kim, Hye Yeong,Shin, Eun Hyuk,Yu, Jeong Il,Noh, Jae Myoung,Cho, Jun Sang,Ahn, Sung Hwan,Choi, Doo Ho Published for the American Association of Physicis 2015 Medical physics Vol.42 No.5
<P>The aim of this study is to investigate the use of mixture of BaSO4 and biodegradable polymer as an injectable nonmetallic fiducial marker to reduce artifacts in x-ray images, decrease the absorbed dose distortion in proton therapy, and replace permanent metal markers.</P>
Methods for Expansion of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Oh, Sun Kyung,Kim, Hee Sun,Park, Yong Bin,Seol, Hye Won,Kim, Yoon Young,Cho, Myung Soo,Ku, Seung Yup,Choi, Young Min,Kim, Dong-Wook,Moon, Shin Yong Wiley (John WileySons) 2005 Stem cells Vol.23 No.5
<P>The manipulation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) requires refined skills. Here we introduce both mechanical and enzymatic transfer methods for hESCs depending on experimental purpose. We use the mechanical transfer method for maintenance of hESC lines. Although the method is laborious and time-consuming, the technique permits efficient transfer of undifferentiated hESCs and results in similar clump sizes. We implement the enzymatic transfer method when we need the bulk production of cells for various experiments. The enzyme-treated expansion rapidly produces greater amounts of hESCs within a limited time frame. However, the cell clumps vary in size, and there is a probability that both the differentiated and undifferentiated cells will be transferred. In cases in which there are differentiated colonies, the combination of two methods allows mass production of hESCs by excluding differentiated colonies from passage by manual selection before enzyme treatment.</P>
김정만,조문수,김정만(Jung Man Kim),Moon Soo Cho and Hye Shin Park 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 1998 호텔경영학연구 Vol.7 No.2
Many enterprises have been putting importance of business administration internal management rather than the customers as having been unable to rapidly cope with the market change under the environment which we call $quot;the age of uncertainty$quot;. The wall between the hotel divisions in the traditional system has blocked the flow of information. As the system has been fatter, the greater amounts of indirect expenses have been paid. The concept of Business Process Reengineering by Michael Hammer is that $quot;the whole organization systems should be basically redesigned based on the business process for epochal increase in the key result of business administration.$quot; BPR is not the same as a renewal movement in existing systems or business methods. Hotels should consider the fundamental questions such as $quot;the reason for the existence of the system$quot;, $quot;the reason for the performance of each division$quot; and $quot;why such methods have been adopted at the time of business process$quot;. In other words, this study has been aimed to examine how BPR has been applied to hotels, human service enterprises in which the satisfaction of the customers is the good itself differ from other general enterprises of manufacture since BPR starts from $quot;Customers Value$quot;, what we call CS. Though Hotels have been realizing the importance of the thought based on the CS already, the application of BPR in general hotel business process has not yet been realized. As one of the methods of coping with such of the introduction of BPR concept should be seriously required to be applied as one of the innovation of hotel business administration.