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Diagnosis of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Pneumonia by Nanopore 16S Amplicon Sequencing of Sputum
Moon, Jangsup,Jang, Yoonhyuk,Kim, Narae,Park, Wan Beom,Park, Kyung-Il,Lee, Soon-Tae,Jung, Keun-Hwa,Kim, Manho,Lee, Sang Kun,Chu, Kon U.S. Department of Health and Human Services * Cen 2018 Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol.24 No.10
<P>We used deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from sputum to identify <I>Haemophilus influenza</I> in a patient with community-acquired pneumonia. This method may be more effective than conventional diagnostic tests in pneumonia patients because of its speed and sensitivity.</P>
( Jangsup Moon ),( Min-sung Kim ),( Young Zoon Kim ),( Kihwan Hwang ),( Ji Eun Park ),( Kyung Hwan Kim ),( Jin Mo Cho ),( Wan-soo Yoon ),( Se Hoon Kim ),( Young Il Kim ),( Ho Sung Kim ),( Yun-sik Dho 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2021 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.9 No.1
Background To date, there has been no practical guidelines for the prescription of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in brain tumor patients in Korea. Thus, the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO), a multidisciplinary academic society, had begun preparing guidelines for AED usage in brain tumors since 2019. Methods The Working Group was composed of 27 multidisciplinary medical experts in Korea. References were identified through searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL using specific and sensitive keywords as well as combinations of the keywords. Results The core contents are as follows. Prophylactic AED administration is not recommended in newly diagnosed brain tumor patients without previous seizure history. When AEDs are administered during peri/postoperative period, it may be tapered off according to the following recommendations. In seizure-naive patients with no postoperative seizure, it is recommended to stop or reduce AED 1 week after surgery. In seizure-naive patients with one early postoperative seizure (<1 week after surgery), it is advisable to maintain AED for at least 3 months before tapering. In seizure-naive patients with ≥2 postoperative seizures or in patients with preoperative seizure history, it is recommended to maintain AEDs for more than 1 year. The possibility of drug interactions should be considered when selecting AEDs in brain tumor patients. Driving can be allowed in brain tumor patients when proven to be seizure-free for more than 1 year. Conclusion The KSNO suggests prescribing AEDs in patients with brain tumor based on the current guideline. This guideline will contribute to spreading evidence-based prescription of AEDs in brain tumor patients in Korea.
Understanding and managing patients with adult rare diseases
Jangsup Moon 대한의학유전학회 2024 대한의학유전학회지 Vol.21 No.1
Despite advances in the diagnosis and management of rare diseases (RDs), there remains a tendency to overlook adult RD patients. In addition to the considerable number of adult-onset RDs, advances in the diagnosis and management of pediatric RDs have led to an increase in the survival of these patients into adulthood. Adult RDs exhibit distinct features from pediatric counterparts, necessitating careful consideration during medical assessments. Given the extended life expectancy of adult RD patients, precise diagnosis and management strategies can significantly enhance patient outcomes. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the characteristics unique to adult RDs. Special emphasis will be placed on the importance of cascade screening and prenatal genetic testing in the context of adult RDs, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of these aspects in clinical practice.
Moon, Jangsup,Choi, Kang Hyun,Park, Jung Hyun,Song, Tae-Jin,Choi, Yun Seo,Kim, Ju-Hee,Kim, Hyeon Jin,Lee, Hyang Woon 대한신경과학회 2018 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.14 No.3
<P><B>Background and Purpose</B></P><P>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cerebral white-matter changes (WMC), but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Our aim was to identify the cardiovascular autonomic characteristics during sleep that are associated with cerebral WMC in OSA patients.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We recruited subjects from our sleep-center database who underwent both polysomnography and brain MRI within a 1-year period. Sixty patients who had OSA with WMC (OSA+WMC), 44 patients who had OSA without WMC (OSA−WMC), and 31 control subjects who had neither OSA nor WMC were analyzed. Linear and nonlinear indices of heart-rate variability (HRV) were analyzed in each group according to different sleep stages and also over the entire sleeping period.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Among the nonlinear HRV indices, the Poincaré ratio (SD12) during the entire sleep period was significantly increased in the OSA+WMC group, even after age adjustment. Meanwhile, detrended fluctuation analysis 1 during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep tended to be lowest in the OSA+WMC group. These indices were altered regardless of the presence of hypertension or diabetes. In the subgroup analysis of middle-aged OSA patients, approximate entropy during rapid-eye-movement sleep was significantly lower in OSA+WMC patients than in OSA−WMC patients. Overall, the nonlinear HRV indices suggest that sympathetic activity was higher in the OSA+WMC group than in the OSA−WMC and control groups.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our findings suggest that dysregulation of HRV, especially overactivation of sympathetic tone, could be a pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the development of WMC in OSA patients.</P>
Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 for Gene Editing in Hereditary Movement Disorders
Im, Wooseok,Moon, Jangsup,Kim, Manho The Korean Movement Disorder Society 2016 Journal of movement disorders: official journal of Vol.9 No.3
<P>Gene therapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating hereditary movement disorders, including hereditary ataxia, dystonia, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Genome editing is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted or replaced in the genome using modified nucleases. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) has been used as an essential tool in biotechnology. Cas9 is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme that was originally associated with the adaptive immune system of <I>Streptococcus pyogenes</I> and is now being utilized as a genome editing tool to induce double strand breaks in DNA. CRISPR/Cas9 has advantages in terms of clinical applicability over other genome editing technologies such as zinc-finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases because of easy <I>in vivo</I> delivery. Here, we review and discuss the applicability of CRISPR/Cas9 to preclinical studies or gene therapy in hereditary movement disorders.</P>
Sung Kwon Kim,Jangsup Moon,Jin Mo Cho,Kyung Hwan Kim,김세훈,김영일,김영준,Ho Sung Kim,도윤식,박재성,Ji Eun Park,서영범,Kyoung-Su Sung,송진호,Chan Woo Wee,Wan-Soo Yoon,윤홍인,Se-Hoon Lee,임도훈,임정호,장종희,한명훈,홍제범,Kihwan Hwang,박철기,이 대한뇌종양학회 2020 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.8 No.1
Background: The Guideline Working Group of the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO) conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey for diverse queries faced in the treatment of brain tumors. As part I of the survey, the aim of this study is to evaluate national patterns of clinical practice about antiepileptic drug (AED) and steroid usage for management of brain tumors. Methods: A web-based survey was sent to all members of the KSNO by email. The survey included 9 questions of AED usage and 5 questions of steroid usage for brain tumor patients. All questions were developed by consensus of the Guideline Working Group. Results: The overall response rate was 12.8% (54/423). Regarding AED usage, the majority of respondents (95.2%) routinely prescribed prophylactic AEDs for patients with seizure at the peri/postoperative period. However, as many as 72.8% of respondents prescribed AED routinely for seizure-naive patients, and others prescribed AED as the case may be. The duration of AED prophylaxis showed wide variance according to the epilepsy status and the location of tumor. Levetiracetam (82.9%) was the most preferred AED for epilepsy prophylaxis. Regarding steroid usage, 90.5% of respondents use steroids in perioperative period, including 34.2% of them as a routine manner. Presence of peritumoral edema (90.9%) was considered as the most important factor determining steroid usage followed by degree of clinical symptoms (60.6%). More than half of respondents (51.2%) replied to discontinue the steroids within a week after surgery if there are no specific medical conditions, while 7.3% preferred slow tapering up to a month after surgery. Conclusion: The survey demonstrated the prevailing practice patterns on AED and steroid usage in neuro-oncologic field among members of the KSNO. This information provides a point of reference for establishing a practical guideline in the management of brain tumor patients.
Tocilizumab in Autoimmune Encephalitis Refractory to Rituximab: An Institutional Cohort Study
Lee, Woo-Jin,Lee, Soon-Tae,Moon, Jangsup,Sunwoo, Jun-Sang,Byun, Jung-Ick,Lim, Jung-Ah,Kim, Tae-Joon,Shin, Yong-Won,Lee, Keon-Joo,Jun, Jin-Sun,Lee, Han Sang,Kim, Soyun,Park, Kyung-Il,Jung, Keun-Hwa,Jun Springer-Verlag 2016 Neurotherapeutics Vol.13 No.4
<P>A considerable portion of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) does not respond to conventional immunotherapies and subsequently has poor outcomes. We aimed to determine the efficacy of tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6 antibody, in rituximab-refractory AE compared with other treatment options. From an institutional cohort of AE, 91 patients with inadequate clinical response to first-line immunotherapy and following rituximab were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were grouped according to their further immunotherapy strategies. Thirty (33.0 %) patients were included in the tocilizumab group, 31 (34.0 %) in the additional rituximab group, and 30 (33.0 %) in the observation group. Outcomes were defined as the favorable modified Rankin Scale scores (aecurrency sign2) at 1 and 2 months from the initiation of each treatment strategy and at the last follow-up. Favorable clinical response (improvement of the modified Rankin Scale scores by aeyen 2 points or achievement of the mRS scores aecurrency sign 2) at the last follow-up was also analyzed. The tocilizumab group showed more frequent favorable mRS scores at 2 months from treatment initiation and at the last follow-up compared with those at the relevant time points of the remaining groups. The majority (89.5 %) of the patients with clinical improvement at 1 month from tocilizumab treatment maintained a long-term favorable clinical response. No serious adverse effects of rituximab or tocilizumab were reported. Therefore, we suggest that tocilizumab might be a good treatment strategy for treating AE refractory to conventional immunotherapies and rituximab. The tocilizumab-mediated clinical improvement manifests as early at 1 month after treatment initiation.</P>
Hyoshin Son,Kyung-Il Park,Dae-Seop Shin,Jangsup Moon,Soon-Tae Lee,Keun-Hwa Jung,Ki-Young Jung,Kon Chu,Sang Kun Lee 대한신경과학회 2023 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.19 No.3
Background and Purpose Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the most common causes of drug-resistant epilepsy, and necessitates a multimodal evaluation to ensure optimal surgical treatment. This study aimed to determine the supportive value of the morphometric analysis program (MAP) in detecting FCD using data from a single institution in Korea. Methods To develop a standard reference for the MAP, normal-looking MRIs by two scanners that are frequently used in this center were chosen. Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and FCD after surgery were candidates for the analysis. The three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI scans of the patients were analyzed as test cases using the MAP. Results The MRI scans of 87 patients were included in the analysis. The radiologist detected abnormal findings correlated with FCD (RAD positive [RAD(+)]) in 34 cases (39.1%), while the MAP could detect FCD in 25.3% of cases. A combination of the MAP (MAP[+] cases) with interpretations by the radiologist increased the detection to 42.5% (37 cases). The lesion detection rate was not different according to the type of reference scanners except in one case. MAP(+)/RAD(-) presented in three cases, all of which had FCD type IIa. The detection rate was slightly higher using the same kind of scanner as a reference, but not significantly (35.0% vs. 22.4% p=0.26). Conclusions The results of postprocessing in the MAP for detecting FCD did not depend on the type of reference scanner, and the MAP was the strongest in detecting FCD IIa. We suggested that the MAP could be widely utilized without developing institutional standards and could become an effective tool for detecting FCD lesions.