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Jung-Wook Kho,Minhyung Jung,Hong Geun Kim,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04
Various techniques have been developed to monitor insect behavior in the field. Harmonic radar tagging is a promising method of tracking target insects because it can allow efficient detection of the insects with negligible effects on their behavior or physiology. However, availability of the light limits the effectiveness of the method as it is almost impossible to spot an insect in the dark. On the other hand, fluorescent-marking, when combined with strong light source, makes the organisms distinct at night in a non-destructive manner. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment to determine the effectiveness of the combination of the two methods. Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) adults were marked with both harmonic radars and fluorescent paint. The marked insects were haphazardly arranged and pinned onto trees or the ground in the forest at night. Then, a group of paired researchers, one equipped with a harmonic radar and the other with a hand-held laser, attempted to find R. pedestris within 20 minutes. The detection rate showed a high variance ranging from 40% to 100%. Thus, with a proper training, harmonic radar system combined with fluorescent-marking can be a powerful technique to detect insects in the field. With these equipments, tracking insect behavior in the field will be more efficient in the dark.
Jung-Wook Kho,Minhyung Jung,Soowan Kim,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04
Both a fluorescent marking system (FMS) and a portable harmonic radar system (PHRS) are effective insect tracking methods. Prior to comparing their efficacies, we tested the viability of FMS in detection of an agricultural pest, Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae); previous studies showed the harmlessness of PHRS on R. pedestris and its detection distance. Fluorescent marking allowed the detection of marked R. pedestris from > 25 m, when illuminated with a laser in the dark, while affecting only the vertical walking distance of the insect. Then, we assessed the efficacy of the FMS and PHRS as well as combining both methods (BOTH) in detection of R. pedestris in a grass field and a bean field during day and night. PHRS and BOTH showed higher detection rates than FMS in all settings, except for in the bean field at night. Also, although BOTH did not enhance total detection time, it facilitated the retrieval of the sample at night compared to only using PHRS.
Minhyung Jung,Jung-Wook Kho,Soowan Kim,Aram Sim,Hong Geun Kim,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10
Seasonal distribution of disease vector species including mosquitoes and ticks plays a key role in establishing risk managementof vector-borne disease. However, environmental factors affecting abundance and distribution of vector species are notcurrently well understood. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field sampling to address the population dynamics of mosquitoesand ticks in Gyeonggi-do in 2015 and 2016. In 2015, the population density was highest in May for ticks (e.g. Haemaphysalislongicornis) and June for mosquitoes (e.g. Aedes vexans), whereas both pest groups peaked in August in 2016. Culexpipens (82.3% Species Ratio), Ae. vexans (77.3% SR), and Anopheles sinesis sp. (45.3% SR) were the most dominantspecies in urban area, cow shed and wild bird refuge, respectively. For ticks, H. longicornis (47.7% SR) was the mostdominant throughout four potential habitats.
Jung-Wook Kho,Minhyung Jung,Soowan Kim,Aram Sim,Hong Geun Kim,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10
Different types of insect-borne plant viruses can modify their hosts and vectors in distinct manners. Therefore, interactionsbetween two types of viruses co-existing in a field are known to be complex to predict. Obtaining empirical data byconducting field experiments, however, requires numerous biotic and abiotic factors to be controlled, and is therefore hardto execute. Thus, we designed an individual based model to simulate the transmission pattern of two viruses, using potatoes(Solanum tuberosum) for host plant, aphids (Myzus persicae) for virus vector, potato leafroll virus and potato virus Yfor different types of plant viruses. More specifically, we aimed to investigate the effect of the following on the spreadof the plant viruses: dispersal by winged-form aphids, initial number of virus-infected seed potatoes, and indirect interactionsbetween two viruses by affecting life traits of the vectors.
Jung-Wook Kho,Minhyung Jung,Soowan Kim,Jieun Lim,Hong Geun Kim,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.04
Plant virus can enhance its transmission by altering the settling preference of its vector. Nevertheless, most of the studies have focused on the spread of one virus in a field whereas often times there are more than single virus infecting same crop. Furthermore, mixed-infection of multiple viruses tends to cause more severe virus symptoms and changes vector’s biology and behavior different than singular infection. Thus, we are currently investigating the spatial transmission pattern of persistently transmitted potato leafroll virus and non-persistently transmitted potato virus y. However, due to impracticability of obtaining empirical data, we are programming an individual-based modelling software while taking biology of potato, biology and behavior of aphid and different characteristics of two viruses into consideration.
Minhyung Jung,Hong Geun Kim,Dong Hyun Lee,Doo-Hyung Lee,Jaewon Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04
Riptortus pedestris is a major agricultural pest in Korea. To manage this pest, it is necessary to understand the complete life history of R. pedestris. However, most studies have focused on the summer period when the pest attacks crops. Therefore, we conducted laboratory and field experiment to identify overwintering behavior of adult R. pedestris. First, we conducted two laboratory experiments to examine overwintering habitat preferences and spatial distribution of R. pedestris in the habitat. Second, we conducted field survey to characterize overwintering sites of R. pedestris in diverse landscapes. In the laboratory conditions, R. pedestris almost exclusively showed overwintering behavior in the leaf litter arena (63%) among the structures tested (rocks: 3%; rotten wood: 0%). And spatial distribution of R. pedestris showed solitary behavior in leaf litters. In the field, we located 12 individuals of overwintering adults from the urban areas, whereas no individuals were found from the high-elevation mountains and agricultural landscapes. Our results suggest that R. pedestris mainly use leaf litter as an overwintering structure, with solitary behavior, and low-elevation forested areas near urban landscapes seem to be more preferred overwintering sites.
Development of a metal detector system for tracking soil-dwelling insects
Jung-Wook Kho,Joo-Young Kim,Minhyung Jung,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2024 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2024 No.04
To overcome the challenges in tracking insects underground, a detection method consisting of a metal detector and aluminum tag was developed for tracking a dung beetle, Copris ochus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). First, detection rate was evaluated for varying volumes of aluminum tags varying orientations of the tags under soil. Then, the detection efficacy was evaluated in the field at varying depths of hidden tags in two types of vegetation. Finally, the effect of aluminum-tagging on the survivorship, burrowing depth, and horizontal movement of C. ochus adults were assessed. Generally, an increase in tag volume resulted in a greater detection depth with maximum depth of 17 cm. Orientation, however, did not affect detection rate except when tag was placed perpendicular to the soil surface. In the field, metal detectors could detect aluminum-tagged models with success rates ≥85% up to 10 cm and 45?60% at 20 cm under soil. Finally, no significant effect of tagging on survivorship and behaviors of C. ochus was observed.
Jung, Subin,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Yim, Changwhi,Lee, Minhyung,Kang, Hyo Jin,Choi, Donghoon SPANDIDOS PUBLICATIONS 2018 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol.18 No.6
<P>The present study was conducted in order to improve gene expression efficiency of insulin-like growth factor-1 (<I>IGF-1</I>)-transfected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a non-viral carrier and a simplified method of dual gene selection. The therapeutic efficacy of this MSC-based <I>IGF-1</I>/enhanced green fluorescent protein (<I>EGFP</I>) dual gene sorting system was evaluated in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. IGF-1 and <I>EGFP</I> genes were expressed in MSCs <I>in vitro</I>. The purity of dual gene-expressing MSCs was 95.1% by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Transfected MSCs injected into rats were identified based on green fluorescence, with an increased signal intensity observed in rats injected with sorted cells, compared with unsorted cells. IGF-1 expression levels were additionally increased in the sorted group, and decreases in infarct size, fibrotic area and fraction of apoptotic cells were observed. These results demonstrated that IGF-1 overexpression protects against fibrosis and apoptosis in the myocardium and reduces infarct size following MI. Additionally, the present vector sorting system may potentially be applied to other types of stem cell-based gene therapy.</P>
Minhyung Jung,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10
Currently, the management of Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) relies mainly on insecticide application in most crop productions. However, there have been very few detailed studies concerning the potential behavioral effects of sublethal dose of insecticide. This study was conducted to address sublethal effects of five insecticides on the mobility of R. pedestris. Adult R. pedestris were individually exposed to dry residue of insecticides for 4 hours in laboratory. Tested insecticides were fenitrothion (organophosphate), etofenprox (pyrethroid), bifenthrin (pyrethroid), acetamiprid (neonicotinoid) and dinotefuran (neonicotinoid). After the exposure, vertical climbing ability and flight capacity of survived R. pedestris were evaluated and compared to water-treated control. First, the mortality of R. pedestris after the 4-h insecticide exposure was as follows: 10% for fenitrothion, 3.4% for dinotefuran, 3.4% for acetamiprid, 0% for etofenprox and 0% for bifenthrin. The vertical mobility of R. pedestris was affected differently by insecticides tested. Acetamiprid resulted in decrease (37%) in the vertical mobility, whereas dinotefuran caused increase (153%) in the ability compared to the control. There was no effect by three other insecticides on the vertical mobility. In general, tested insecticides did not affect the flight capacity of R. pedestris compared to untreated individuals. However, etofenprox resulted in increase (230%) in the flight capacity. The results of this study indicate that insecticide-treated but survived R. pedestris can show similar or even increased mobility compared to untreated individuals. This should be considered in designing insecticide application programs against of R. pedestris.