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Halberstadt, Craig R.,Palsson, Bernhanrd O.,Midgley, A.Rees,Curl, Rane L. The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2002 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.7 No.3
This report describes the use of a transtubular bioreactor to study the relative effects of diffusion versus perfusion of medium on antibody production by a hybridoma cell line. The study was performed with a high-density cell culture maintained in a serum-free, low-protein medium for 77 days. It was determined that the reactor possessed a macro-mixing pattern residence time distribution similar to a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), However, due to the arrangement of the medium lines in the reactor, the flow patterns for nutrient distribution consist of largely independent medium path lengths ranging from short to long. When operated with cyclic, reversing, transtubular medium flow, some regions of the reactor (with short residence times) are more accessible to medium than others (with long residence times). From this standpoint, the reactor can be divided into three regions: a captive volume, which consists of medium primarily delivered via diffusion; a lapped volume, which provides nutrients through unilateral convection; and a swept volume, which operates through bilateral convection. The relative sizes of these three volumes were modified experimentally by changing the period over which the direction of medium flow was reversed from 15 min (larger captive volume) to 9 h (larger swept volume). The results suggest that antibody concentration increases as the size of the diffusion-limited (captive) volume is increased to a maximum at around 30 min with a sharp decrease thereafter. As reflected by changes in measured consumption of glucose and production of lactate, no significant difference in cellular metabolism occurred as the reactor was moved between these different states. These results indicate that the mode of operation of the transtubular bioreactor may influence antibody productivity under serum-free, low-protein conditions with minimal effects on cellular metabolism.
Yates, Timothy J.V.,Thomas, John Meurig,Fernandez, Jose-Jesus,Terasaki, Osamu,Ryoo, Ryong,Midgley, Paul A. Elsevier 2006 Chemical physics letters Vol.418 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron tomography has been used to reveal the three-dimensional lattice structure of the mesoporous silica MCM-48. The incoherent nature of the dark-field signal leads to directly interpretable images and three-dimensional tomographic reconstructions. The ability to manipulate the three-dimensional reconstruction allows the structure to be visualised at any orientation, revealing detail in projection or as slices not hitherto seen by direct imaging techniques.</P>
Strain control of superlattice implies weak charge-lattice coupling inLa0.5Ca0.5MnO3
Cox, S.,Rosten, E.,Chapman, J. C.,Kos, S.,Calderó,n, M. J.,Kang, D.-J.,Littlewood, P. B.,Midgley, P. A.,Mathur, N. D. American Physical Society 2006 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.73 No.13