REFORM AT THE CROSSROADS : AN ANALYSIS OF CHINESE CORRUPTION

Hao,Yufan,Johnston,Michael The Institute for Far Eastern Studies Kyungnam Uni 1995 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.19 No.1

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Molecular Imaging of CXCL12 Promoter-driven HSV1-TK Reporter Gene Expression

Lina Alon,Dara L. Kraitchman,Michael Schär,Angel Cortez,Nirbhay N. Yadav,Rebecca Krimins,Peter V. Johnston,Michael T. McMahon,Peter C. M. van Zijl,Sridhar Nimmagadda,Martin G. Pomper,Jeff W. M. Bulte 한국생물공학회 2018 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.23 No.2

The C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12, SDF1a) and its receptor, CXCR4, play a fundamental role in several biological processes, including hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, cancer progression, and stem cell migration. Noninvasive monitoring of CXCL12 is highly desirable for optimizing strategies that combine mobilization of therapeutic cells to combat cancer or to assist in cardiac tissue repair after myocardial infarction. Here, we report on an MRI reporter gene system for directly monitoring CXCL12 expression in vivo. Glioma cells and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) were transduced with the herpes simplex virus type-1-thymidine kinase (HSV1- tk) reporter gene expressed under the CXCL12 promoter. HSV1-tk expression resulted in accumulation of the PET tracer [125I]FIAU in vitro and in vivo and induced cell death after ganciclovir treatment. Furthermore, the results show that conditional expression of the reporter gene can be induced by hypoxia in transduced cells. Transduced hADSC were incubated with the CEST MRI probe 5-methyl-5, 6- dihydrothymidine (5-MDHT) and transplanted into swine heart. Transplanted cells were clearly visible on Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI using a 3T clinical scanner. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible to image CXCL12 expression with MRI in a large animal model, opening up a possible route to clinical translation.

Individual variation in lexical palatalization

Jae-Hyun Sung,Diana Archangeli,Samuel Johnston,Ian Clayton,Muriel Fisher,Michael Hammond,Andrew Carnie 사단법인 한국언어학회 2018 언어학 Vol.0 No.80

This paper discusses the articulatory characteristics of palatalized consonants in Scottish Gaelic (Gàidlig, henceforth SG), an endangered language spoken in Scotland. Palatalization is a notable lexicalized process in SG, which is considered as part of the complex consonant mutation processes in the language. With only a handful of instrumental, experimental studies on the language that exist, this paper is the first attempt to quantitatively examine the articulatory patterns of plain and palatalized consonants, and palatalized consonants from different morphological sources in SG using ultrasound imaging. The gestural patterns from 10 SG speakers show some degree of the universal `palatal" gesture, represented by a higher tongue tip or dorsum than otherwise expected. However, the articulatory distinction between plain and palatalizing conditions is not at all uniform across speakers and target segments. In addition, palatalized consonants from different morphological sources do not differ markedly. The findings from this paper add to the growing literature on individual variation in phonology, and point to the importance of language documentation research using modern instrumental and experimental techniques.

Z-FA-FMK as a novel potent inhibitor of reovirus pathogenesis and oncolysis in vivo.

Kim, Manbok,Hansen, Kristina K,Davis, Lesley,van Marle, Guido,Gill, Michael John,Fox, Julie D,Hollenberg, Morley D,Rancourt, Derrick E,Lee, Patrick W K,Yun, Chae-Ok,Johnston, Randal N International Medical Press 2010 ANTIVIRAL THERAPY Vol.15 No.6

<P>BACKGROUND: Respiratory enteric orphan (reo)virus is a promising oncolytic viral candidate. Reoviral anticancer therapy is currently undergoing multiple clinical trials targeting various human cancers; however, there is no effective reoviral inhibitor that can be used to block unwanted reovirus replication during reoviral anticancer therapy. METHODS: Studies were conducted with transformed or normal cells in vitro and in vivo to characterize viral replication in the presence or absence of chemical inhibitors. RESULTS: We have identified a protease inhibitor that is very effective in the inhibition of viral replication. The dipeptide benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Ala-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-FA-FMK) effectively inhibited reovirus replication in a susceptible host and cured cells of a persistent infection with reovirus in vitro. Electron microscopic analysis of Z-FA-FMK-treated cells revealed that internalized reovirus virions, retained in a perinuclear localization, no longer undergo further processing into viral factories following Z-FA-FMK treatment, suggesting that Z-FA-FMK specifically affects a reovirus virion maturation step. Animal studies showed that reovirus infection of Ras oncogenic tumours and host heart tissues is completely blocked by Z-FA-FMK treatment in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. CONCLUSIONS: Z-FA-FMK is a very effective viral inhibitor that can prevent reovirus replication in vitro and reovirus-mediated myocarditis, as well as reovirus-mediated oncolysis, in vivo. A potential application of this drug for inhibition of reovirus infection is suggested.</P>

NN-based Prediction Interval for Nonlinear Processes Controller

Mohammad Anwar Hosen,Abbas Khosravi,H. M. Dipu Kabir,Michael Johnstone,Douglas Creighton,Saeid Nahavandi,Peng Shi 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.9

Neural networks (NNs) are extensively used in modelling, optimization, and control of nonlinear plants. NN-based inverse type point prediction models are commonly used for nonlinear process control. However, prediction errors (root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) etc.) significantly increase in the presence of disturbances and uncertainties. In contrast to point forecast, prediction interval (PI)-based forecast bears extra information such as the prediction accuracy. The PI provides tighter upper and lower bounds with considering uncertainties due to the model mismatch and time dependent or time independent noises for a given confidence level. The use of PIs in the NN controller (NNC) as additional inputs can improve the controller performance. In the present work, the PIs are utilized in control applications, in particular PIs are integrated in the NN internal model-based control framework. A PI-based model that developed using lower upper bound estimation method (LUBE) is used as an online estimator of PIs for the proposed PI-based controller (PIC). PIs along with other inputs for a traditional NN are used to train the PIC to predict the control signal. The proposed controller is tested for two case studies. These include, a chemical reactor, which is a continuous stirred tank reactor (case 1) and a numerical nonlinear plant model (case 2). Simulation results reveal that the tracking performance of the proposed controller is superior to the traditional NNC in terms of setpoint tracking and disturbance rejections. More precisely, 36% and 15% improvements can be achieved using the proposed PIC over the NNC in terms of IAE for case 1 and case 2, respectively for setpoint tracking with step changes.

New Zealand Teachers’ Use of the Mat in Year 2 Classrooms

Anita Mortlock,Vanessa A,Green,Mary-Jane Shuker,Michael Johnston 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2019 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.13 No.2

Despite its ubiquity in junior classrooms, the use of the mat as a pedagogical strategy is surprisingly under-researched. Little is known about when and how it is used, its purpose, and perceived learning outcomes. The current study included 296 anonymous responses from Year 2 teachers in New Zealand primary schools. Results showed that children spent between one and two hours on the mat each day, in blocks of 10-20 minutes. Perceived learning outcomes included social understanding and a sense of group cohesion. However, the types of activities that would promote this type of outcome were not frequently used, which suggests that there may be a disconnect between perceived learning outcomes and dedicated activities. Teachers must carefully examine typical mat time activities in order to evaluate whether or not they achieve what they set out to accomplish.