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Ethnographic Descriptions of Youth Training Environments and Coaching in Brazil
M. Ryan Flett,Michael Huth 한국코칭능력개발원 2014 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.8 No.1
Researchers have developed important theories and understandings of best-practice in many sport science disciplines. This empirical knowledge has informed practitioners and advanced sport performance. However, knowledge is sometimes dependent upon the cultural and social foundations for that sport, population, or topic. Given the lack of research that has been conducted in the area of coaching and athlete development in Brazil, the objective of this study was to explore athlete training, coaching, and facilities in Brazil. Ethnographic notes from four researchers were compiled after five days at an elite club in Rio (Emerson, Fretz, & Shaw, 1995). Grounded analysis (Corbin & Strauss, 2008) was conducted to organize the notes into four thematic categories: Sport Structure and Clubs; Facilities and Athlete Support; Coaching Actions; and Athletes. The sport structure provided athletes from both wealthy and impoverished families with professional coaches and educational opportunities (without cost) by generating revenue from sponsors and membership fees. Facilities did not provide modern sport medicine support and were, at times, unsafe. Coaches were positive, enthusiastic, supportive, calm, friendly, and professional. Feedback was rarely provided during drills, but was blocked into narratives at the beginning and end of each drill. Coaches modified drills, displayed a variety of instructional techniques, and individualized practices. Practices were intense, productive, efficient, and focused on perfect technical execution. Athletes seemed disciplined, motivated, autonomous, athletic, and demonstrated meticulous technique. Specialization in sports was common?though most athletes had early foundations in gymnastics and swimming, and did not specialize in one position until they reached adolescence.