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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Michael HAUSKELLER (검색결과 3 건)
- 무료
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Messy Bodies : From Cosmetic Surgery to Mind-Uploading
HAUSKELLER, Michael 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2013 탈경계인문학 Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this paper is mainly diagnostic. It tries to answer the question why we love machines. I argue that our biological bodies are often perceived as deficient in various ways. They limit our freedom, are easily destructible, and condemn us to die. For this reason, we look for an alternative way to exist and find it in the machine and its way of existing. Machines are attractive as a model for (post)human existence because they seem to allow an escape from the messiness of the human body. The more machine-like the human body becomes, the more it can be controlled and the more we make it our own by aligning the working of our bodies with our purposes. If the human body could be turned into (or be replaced by) a machine, we would finally be free to shape our own destiny. The paper traces how we attempt to become more machine-like in four different stages, which I call illusionism, fortification, replacement, and displacement. Illusionism is the practice of changing one’s appearance in order to accord with a commonly accepted standard of beauty. Fortification is the attempt to make the human body less vulnerable and more capable. Replacement is the practice of replacing human body parts with artificial ones. Finally, displacement is the act of replacing the whole body by something more durable or altogether immaterial. I conclude my discussion with an encouragement to adopt a different point of view, which sees the human body not as disabling and hence in need of improvement or displacement, but rather as enabling and a gift that is worth preserving, even in its imperfect state.
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A Cure for Humanity : The Transhumanisation of Culture
Michael HAUSKELLER 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2015 탈경계인문학 Vol.8 No.3
This paper examines the increasing integration of the radical human enhancement project into the cultural mainstream. The tacit identification of enhancement with therapy is no longer contested, but widely accepted. Transhumanism leads the way by pointing out the deficiencies of our nature and presenting radical human enhancement as the urgently needed cure. The paper traces this particular self-conception, which I call the enhancementtherapy identity thesis, and how it is reflected in our culture. I look at what I consider the two main arguments in support of the identity thesis, namely the moral argument, which was made by John Harris, and the biological argument, which was made by Allen Buchanan. According to the moral argument, there is no relevant moral distinction between repairing a dysfunction and enhancing a function, so that if the former is a duty, then the latter is too. According to the biological argument we have been so poorly constructed by nature that we can only survive by radically enhancing ourselves. The analysis of these two arguments is followed by examples of public discourse that rely on or otherwise make use of the enhancement-therapy identity thesis. The chosen examples cover the four main areas of human enhancement: emotional enhancement, cognitive enhancement, moral enhancement, and life extension. In each of these cases I identify a diagnosis relating to the supposedly intrinsically pathological human condition and a proposed cure that consists in the successful execution of some form of capacity enhancement. I conclude with a brief reflection on the change in our normative attitude that the endorsement of the enhancement-therapy identity thesis induces.
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Messy Bodies: From Cosmetic Surgery to Mind-Uploading
Michael HAUSKELLER 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2013 탈경계인문학 Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this paper is mainly diagnostic. It tries to answer the question why we love machines. I argue that our biological bodies are often perceived as deficient in various ways. They limit our freedom, are easily destructible, and condemn us to die. For this reason, we look for an alternative way to exist and find it in the machine and its way of existing. Machines are attractive as a model for (post)human existence because they seem to allow an escape from the messiness of the human body. The more machine-like the human body becomes, the more it can be controlled and the more we make it our own by aligning the working of our bodies with our purposes. If the human body could be turned into (or be replaced by) a machine, we would finally be free to shape our own destiny. The paper traces how we attempt to become more machine-like in four different stages, which I call illusionism, fortification, replacement, and displacement. Illusionism is the practice of changing one’s appearance in order to accord with a commonly accepted standard of beauty. Fortification is the attempt to make the human body less vulnerable and more capable. Replacement is the practice of replacing human body parts with artificial ones. Finally, displacement is the act of replacing the whole body by something more durable or altogether immaterial. I conclude my discussion with an encouragement to adopt a different point of view, which sees the human body not as disabling and hence in need of improvement or displacement, but rather as enabling and a gift that is worth preserving, even in its imperfect state.
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