남자대학생의 흡연태도와 행동에 관한 연구

강경진,김정미,민혜영,안소진,오경숙,은경희,이현,이희선,홍주미,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

There have been so many researches about problems of cigarettes and relation of smoking and heath since 1950's and generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor of increasing disease and mortality. No matter what such many proofs about various problems of smoking have been researched, smoking rate of current male collage students has not been decreased. Besides, most of the researches about cigarette use and its addiction have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers or adult male, not male collage student. Therefore, the subject of this study is about smoking attitude and smoking behavior of male collage students by general features. Smoking attitude was analyzed by modifying 'Guidelines for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population'(WHO, 1982). Two hundred of male collage students participated to the distributed questionnaire for one week in May. The smoking attitude was categorized into duration of smoking and number of cigarette per day(CPD), and nicotine dependency, investigated by Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) (Fagerstorm & Schneider, 1989). All statistics were performed by procedure of SAS according to number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking attitude level was mean 25.73±5.15 marks, ranging from 13 to 39 marks of the total 40 marks. 2. Duration of cigarettes, number of cigarette per day, and nicotine dependency were mean 5.14±2.84 years, 12.88±6.85 pieces, and 4.78±1.69, respectively. 3. Smoking attitude showed significance according to general features such as marital state and allowance, but the significance according to marital state is not valuable because the numerical difference is so big between married one and single that they cannot be compared with each other. 4. Duration of smoking was significant according to general features such as age and allowance. 5. Smoking amount showed significance the factors of age only. 6. ll1ere was no significance in nicotine dependency according to general features. As a result, smoking attitude of male collage student in this study shows moderate level. Smoking attitude and duration is significant according to allowance, and smoking amount is significant according to age. Nicotine dependency according to general features is not significant but comparing with the preceding study about adult male, male collage students in this study are respectively more nicotine-dependent than adult male smokers. In conclusion, the right allowance usage strategies and effective heath education focused on the young are needed. In addition, helpful programs and information spreading strategies are necessary for establishing higher level of smoking attitude. At last, systemic regulations in daily living for ""anti-nico-dependent"" and perspective reforming of male university student are needed for reducing nicotine dependency.

중환자의 욕창 예방 연구 : 욕창 예방 QI팀을 중심으로

강소영,최은경,김진주,주미정 한국의료QA학회 1997 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Background : A pressure sore was defined as any skin lesion caused by unrelieved pressure and resulting in damage to underlying tissue. The health care institutions in the United States were reported the incident rate of pressure sores ranging from 6 to 14%. United states were reported the incident rate of pressure sores in patients rate of pressure sore. Also, Annual expenditures for the care of pressure sores in patients in the United States have been estimated to be $7.5 billion; furthermore, 50 percent more nursing time is required to care for patients with pressure sore in comparison to the time needed to implement preventive measures against pressure sore formation. However, In Korea, there were little reliable reports, or researches, about incidence rates of pressure sore in health care institution including intensive care unit and about the integrated approach like CQI action team for risk assessment, prevention and treatment of pressure ulders. Therefore, this study was to develop pressure sore risk assessment tool and the protocol for prevention of pressure sore formation through CQI action team activities, to monitor incident rate of pressure sore and the length of sore formation for patients at high risk, and to approximately estimate nursing time for sore dressing during research period as the effect of CQI action team. Method : CQI action team in intensive care unit, launched since early 1996, reviewed the literature for the standardized risk assessment tool, developed the pressure sore assessment tool based on the Braden Scale, tested its validity, compared on statistics including incidence rate of pressure sore for patients at high risk. Throughout these activities, CQI action team was developed the protocol.called as St. Marys hospital Intensive Care Unit Pressure Sore Protocol, shifted the emphasis from wound treatment to wound prevention, After applied the protocol to patients at high risk, the incident rate and the period of prevention against pressure development were tested with those for patients who received care before implementation of protocol by Chi-square and Kaplan-Meier Method of Survival Analysis. Result : The CQI action team found that there was significant difference of incidence rate of pressure sores between patients at high risk( control group) who received care implementation of protocol (p<.05). 25% possibility of pressure sore formation was shown for the patients with 6th hospital day in ICU in control group. In experimental group, the patients with 10th hospital day had 10% possibility of pressure sore. Therefore, there was significant difference(p< .05) in survival rate between two groups. Also, nursing time for dressing on pressure sore in experimental group was deceased as much as 50% of it in control group. Conclusion : The collaborative team effort led to reduced incidence, increased the length of prevention against pressure sore, and declined nursing care times for sore dressing. However, there have had several suggestions for future study. The preventive care system for pressure sore should be appleed to patients at moderate, or low risk throughout continuous CQI team activities based on Bed sore Indicator Fact Sheet. Hospital-wide supports, such as incentives, would be offered to participants for keeping strong commitment to CQI team. Also, Quality Information System monitoring incidents and estimation cost of poor quality. like workload(full time equivalence) or financial loss, regularly in a hospital has to be developed first for supporting CQI team activities as well as empowering hospital-wide QI implementation. Being several limitations, this study would be one of the report cards for the CQI team activities in intensive care unit of an acute hospital and a trial of quality improvement of health care in Korea.

Mito-Tempo Can Protect Against the Allergic Airway Inflammation through Reducing Mitochondrial ROS Generation

( So Ri Kim ),( Yong Chul Lee ),( Dong Im Kim ),( Yang Keun Rhee ),( Heung Bum Lee ),( Seoung Ju Park ),( Chi Ryang Chung ),( Seung Yong Park ),( Mi Ran Kang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.114 No.-

Oxidative stress is well known to be implicated in the development of asthma. The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a major site of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and, at the same time, an important target for the damaging effects of ROS. Mito-Tempo is a specific mitochondrial ROS inhibitor and it is known to be associated with opening of mi-tochondrial permeability transition pore and inhibition of cell necroptosis or apoptosis. However, there is little information on the protective effects of Mito-Tempo on the inflammatory airway disorders including bronchial asthma and its acute exacerbation. We investigate the effects of Mito-tempo on the allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness using the mice sensitized with OVA and LPS and then challenged with OVA (OVALPS-OVA mice). The OVALPS-OVA mice showed the typical features of neutrophilic asthma; increased airway inflammatory cells, the pathologic changes, the increased levels of Th2 cytokines in lungs of OVALPS-OVA mice, increased mitochondrial ROS generation, and increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Interestingly, we found that in OVALPS-OVA mice, Mito-Tempo, a novel mitochondrial targeting agent significantly reduced the increases in inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial ROS generation, airway inflammation, and bron-chial hyperresponsiveness. These findings indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction including oxidative damage may be im-plicated in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and provide the therapeutic potential of a mitochondrial targeting agent, Mito-Tempo, for bronchial asthma.

의료 서비스에 대한 만족도 측정 도구의 개발 : focused on Patients and their families

강소영,이선미 한국의료QA학회 1996 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Background : In these days, the health care organizations have concerned about customer-centered care in order to empower the competitiveness on the health care markets. The departments working for quality management of the hospitals have used health care quality indicators in terms of medical areas as well as service areas of the hospitals. However, there were insufficient efforts to develop the credible measurement t seek the customers' needs, their expectations and their satisfaction levels related to health care services because various kinds of challenges were in the process of scale development to measure customers' satisfaction in health care. The purpose of this study was to develop the satisfaction scale to health care services in a Korea health care organization and to test its tool with validity and reliability. Method : The concept of this tool was acceptability that is one of the components of health care quality defined by Donabedian. Acceptability has the five dimensions of concept : Accessibility; Patient-Practitioner Relations; Amenities; Patient Preferences as to the effects of care; and Patient Preferences as to the costs of care. The Satisfaction Tool to Health Care Services was reviewed by expert panel with five researchers, including hospital managers and a professor related to quality management of the hospitals. As a result, the content validity index was 84 in the outpatient satisfaction tool. The inpatient satisfaction tool had 87 of the content validity indes. The Satisfaction Tools to Health Care Services finally consisted of 44 items for outpatients/their families and of 60 items for inpatients/their families. Study subjects of the construct validity test were 479 outpatients/their families and 561 inpatients/their families who visited or admitted at a University hospital from July 1, 1996 through August 10, 1996. The data were examined by Factor Analysis with SPSS. Result : The items of the Satisfaction tools for outpatients/their families were categorized by eleven factors with eigenvalue greater than 1.0 accounting for 64.2 percent of the variation in item scores. Also, the items of inpatient tool had eleven factors with eigenvalue greater than 1.0 accounting for 60.3 percent of the variation in item scores. The reliability of overall scale were .95 and .96 for the outpatients/their families satisfaction scores and the inpatient/their families satisfaction scores. The internal consistency reliability with eleven factors was ranged from .30 to .94 for inpatients/their families. The Satisfaction Tool with eleven factors for inpatients/their families had internal consistency reliability ranged from 053 to .89. Conclusion : The Satisfaction Tools to Health Care Services focused on outpatients/their families and inpatients/their families developed in this study had a high reliability and the strong evidence of content validity and construct validity based on quality concept. Therefore, this tool would be utilized as a credible quality indicator of health care services to assess the quality problems and to monitor to quality improvement activities in Korean Health Care Organizations.

회전원통수조 실험에서 회전속도에 따른 표류각속도

소선섭,강민구,김영은,조미순 公州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 自然科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

본 논문은 Kazuo Ukaji와 Katsumi Tamaki의 논문 중 회전속도(回轉速度)와 표류각속도(漂流角速度)의 관계를 기초로 하였다. 그들에 따르면, 회전삼중수조 실험값이 수치모델값보다 열손실에 의해 약 10% 정도 작고, Ω(회전속도)값이 증가하면 ω(표류각속도)는 점차적으로 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 본 논문에서는 그것을 실험으로써 증명하고자 하였다. 온도차(∆T)를 일정하게 유지하고 회전속도를 증가시키면서 파를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 회전속도(回轉速度)를 크게 할수록 파의 표류각속도는 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또 회전속도에 따른 표류각속도의 기울기는 온도차가 작은 경우에 기울기가 더 높게 나타났다. This essay was based on relation of the drift angular speed and angular velocity in the essay of Kazuo Ukaji and Katsumi Tamaki. According to them, because of heat loss, rotating fluid annulus experimental value is lower about 10 percent than numerical model value, we could know that ω is dwindling if Ω increases. In this essay, we observed to certify it as an experiment. We kept differences of temperature changelessly, and observed form of waves as increasing turning number of times. By the result, when we changed greatly volutions per minute, observed hat the drift angular speed of wave is dwindling. Also, by the result, we observed tilt of a drift angular speed by angular velocity, slant in case difference of temperature is low.

XML 문서 검색과 데이타베이스 검색의 성능 비교

강미경,박소정,이정훈 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.1

인터넷을 통해 전달되는 문서의 개수가 기하급수적으로 증가함에 따라 사용자가 요구하는 문서를 보다 효과적으로 저장 및 검색하는 것이 필수적이다. XML(eXtensible Markup language)은 사용자가 필요로 하는 XML 정보를 일반 관계 데이터베이스에 XML 형태로 저장하고 효율적으로 검색할 수 있게 해준다. 본 논문에서는 XML 성능 평가의 일환으로써 C#프로그램을 이용한 데이터베이스 검색과 XML 문서 검색의 성능을 비교하였다. 데이터베이스 검색을 수행하기 위하여 DataReader와 DataSet을 이용하였고, XML 무서 검색을 수행하기 위해서는 XmlTextReader를 이용하였다. 검색을 위한 데이터 생성은 난수를 이용하여 대량의 학생정보 데이터를 가상으로 만들었다. 성능평가 결과 소량의 데이터 정보에서 검색을 수행하는 데는 XML 문서 검색이 월등하게 빨랐으나 데이터양이 많아질수록 XML 문서 검색 성능은 현격히 저하되어 검색성능의 한계를 드러내었다. 따라서 대용량의 데이터를 처리할 경우는 데이터베이스 시스템을 이용하여 저장 및 검색을 수행하여야겠지만 1만개 이하의 소량의 레코드를 유지하는 경우에는 XML 문서를 이용하여 검색하는 것이 효율적이다. It is necessary to efficiently retrieve and save the web documents requested by a used, according to the intensive increasement in the number of document transmitted via the Internet. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) saves the information selected by a user into a relational database as an instance of the XML form, enabling efficient retrieval of the saved information. This paper measures the performance of XML document retrieval in addition to that of database retrieval using a C# program, aiming at evaluating the performance of XML as an alternative way to cope with the increased Internet document. For the database retrieval, DataReader and DataSet classes are used, while XmlTextReader is used for XML document retrieval. We assume that data retrieval distributes randomly and is targeted to a large volume of student information virtually created for this experiment. The experiment result shows that XML document retrieval is superior to database retrieval for a small amount of data, but not efficient as the data amount increases, exposing the a limit of retrieval performance. The database system is desirable for the retrieval of large data volume. On the contrary, XML is also an efficient way for the retrieval of less than 10,000 records.

정신병원 간호사의 공정성 지각과 조직몰입이 이직의도에 미치는 영향

정수미,민순,강명근,류소연,박종,김기순 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of equality perception and organizational commitment on turnover intention of jobs among psychiatric hospital nurses. Method: Data were collected by questionnaire survey among 158 nurses working in 10 psychiatric hospitals from August 1st to September 30th. 2004. Results: The degree of turnover intention of jobs was significantly different by marital status, religion, qualification of psychiatric specialized nursing, monthly income and the location of hospitals. The correlation analysis showed that the turnover intention of jobs decreased as the equality perception and the organizational commitment increased. The hierachical multiple regression analysis showed that significantly related variables with turnover intention of jobs were religion, monthly income, equality perception and organizational commitment. The model explanation power was 53.1%. Conclusion: Because the equality perception explained 53.1% of variance of turnover intention among psychiatric nurses and organizational commitment was related with the turnover intention of nurses at psychiatric hospitals, activation strategy of organization must include the promotion strategy of equality perception and organizational commitment to decrease turnover intention of jobs among nurses.

서울 단일 지역의 Helicobacter pylori 1차 제균율과 2차 제균율의 변화

김미연,심기남,김혜인,강현주,류민선,안소영,정혜경,정성애 Ewha Womans University School of Medicine 2014 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.37 No.1

Objectives: To investigate the rate of first-line eradication and the rate of second-line eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) from 2001 to 2010 in a single institute in Seoul. Methods: Among the 2,717 patients who received H. pylori eradication treatment from 2001 to 2010 at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, the medical records of 1,466 patients who satisfied the condition of execution of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, positive H. pylori eradication results at 6~8 weeks after eradication therapy were reviewed retrospectively. Then the first-line and second-line eradication rates and the eradication rates according to endoscopy findings were also compared. Results: The first-line eradication rate was 77% H. pylori eradication rate for the last 5 years was continuously increasing and no sign of decline was observed even for the whole 10 years. The rates of eradication related to endoscopic findings showed statistical significance (P<0.001) of 79.8% and 70.1% each for peptic ulcer and non-ulcerative gastric diseases, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, no decrease in tendency of first-line eradication rate could be found. In addition, the patients with the non-ulcerative gastric disease seemed to show significantly lower eradication rate. This finding suggests eradication treatment may be affected by the category of gastric diseases, and careful considerations should be taken assessing the effects and needs for the H. pylori eradication treatment.

교내 실내 공기에서 부유 미생물의 분포

박창은,임미소,이다은,김설아,강재원 남서울대학교 2010 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.16 No.2

The pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganism have been isolated from the indoor airborne, the closest environment of human beings. Our purpose were to investigate the distribution of fungi and bacteria in indoor airborne sampled from 7 locations in Namseoul University for 2 months from September to October, 2010. The isolated bacteria were identified by Gram stain and biochemical test using VITEKTM system, also The fungus were identified by LPCB. The experiment on microorganism concentration of indoor air carried out and the average of total microorganism was measured. When airborne bacteria were isolated and identified. The isolation rates of Gram positive cocci, Gram positive bacilli, Gram negative bacilli, and Gram negative cocci were 38.3%, 22.4%, 2.7%, 0%, respectively. In Gram positive cocci, the most strains were identified as Micrococcus spp. In Gram positive bacilli, the most strains were identified as Bacillus spp. The frequently isolated fungi were Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp, Alternaria sp, Rhizopus sp, Mucor sp. respectively. Further systematic studies are necessary with an emphasis on species identification. Key Words : Microorganism, Fungus, Indoor Airborne, Micrococcus, Aspergillus

부분마취 환자에서 술중, 후 음악이 술후 통증에 미치는 영향

김만조,김정학,이동준,한미애,하경호,김문철,조강희 白中央醫療院 2004 仁濟醫學 Vol.25 No.1

Object: This study was designed to determine whether music in the intraoperative and postoperative period under regional anesthesia could improve the relief of pain. Methods and materials: Sixty-two patients who underwent orthopedic surgery under regional anesthesia were randomly assigned to (a) listening to music (Group Ⅰ) or (b) no music in the intraoperative and postoperative period (Group Ⅱ). The premedication, surgical technique and anesthesia were all standardized. Results: Pain was significantly lower (pain: P-0.016) in the Group Ⅰ compared with the Group Ⅱ. Patients showed relatively good satisfaction with music in Group Ⅰ. Conclusion: Music is effective to reduce post-operative pain.