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A CONFIGURATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
Uwe Messer,Alexander Leischnig,Sabrina Thornton 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7
The purpose of this research is to disentangle the complex causal patterns of factors for explaining venture capital activity. Based on data from 62 countries, this study analyzes net and combinatory effects of three major sets of antecedent conditions of venture capital activity. Findings inform managers and policy makers.
장명순,Carroll J. Messer 대한교통학회 1986 大韓交通學會誌 Vol.4 No.2
The paper contains the data collection methods and procedures employed in the study to evaluate the operational effects of stop sign and signal control at diamond interchanges. An assessment of traffic control alternatives is described in terms of operational effects of queues and travel speed. Guidelines for installing signal control at diamond interchanges are provided in terms of internal volume, left turn proportion within internal volume, and the sum of internal and external volume. The specific traffic volume guidelines were developed based on a combination of these variables affecting operational performance.
Twig, Gilad,Graf, Solomon A,Messerli, Mark A,Smith, Peter J S,Yoo, Seung H,Shirihai, Orian S American Physiological Society 2005 American journal of physiology. Cell physiology Vol.288 No.1
<P>Activation of the microglial neurotoxic response by components of the senile plaque plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia induce neurodegeneration primarily by secreting nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), and hydrogen peroxide. Central to the activation of microglia is the membrane receptor CD40, which is the target of costimulators such as interferon-gamma (IFNgamma). Chromogranin A (CGA) is a recently identified endogenous component of the neurodegenerative plaques of AD and Parkinson's disease. CGA stimulates microglial secretion of NO and TNFalpha, resulting in both neuronal and microglial apoptosis. Using electrochemical recording from primary rat microglial cells in culture, we have shown in the present study that CGA alone induces a fast-initiating oxidative burst in microglia. We compared the potency of CGA with that of beta-amyloid (betaA) under identical conditions and found that CGA induces 5-7 times greater NO and TNFalpha secretion. Coapplication of CGA with betaA or with IFNgamma resulted in a synergistic effect on NO and TNFalpha secretion. CD40 expression was induced by CGA and was further increased when betaA or IFNgamma was added in combination. Tyrphostin A1 (TyrA1), which inhibits the CD40 cascade, exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of the CGA effect alone and in combination with IFNgamma and betaA. Furthermore, CGA-induced mitochondrial depolarization, which precedes microglial apoptosis, was fully blocked in the presence of TyrA1. Our results demonstrate the involvement of CGA with other components of the senile plaque and raise the possibility that a narrowly acting agent such as TyrA1 attenuates plaque formation.</P>