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Ismail, Saber,Mayah, Wael,Battia, Hassan El,Gaballah, Hanaa,Jiman-Fatani, Asif,Hamouda, Hala,Afifi, Mohamed A.,Elmashad, Nehal,Saadany, Sherif El Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.4
Background: Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most important step in successful treatment. However, it is usually rare due to the lack of a highly sensitive specific biomarker so that the HCC is usually fatal within few months after diagnosis. The aim of this work was to study the role of plasma nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) and serum peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) as diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of HCC in a high-risk population. Materials and Methods: Plasma nuclear factor kappa B level (NF-${\kappa}B$) and serum peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in addition to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in 72 cirrhotic patients, 64 patients with HCC and 29 healthy controls. Results: NF-${\kappa}B$ and PRDX3 were significantly elevated in the HCC group in relation to the others. Higher area under curve (AUC) of 0.854 (for PRDX3) and 0.825 (for NF-${\kappa}B$) with sensitivity of 86.3% and 84.4% and specificity of 75.8% and 75.4% respectively, were found compared to AUC of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (0.65) with sensitivity of 72.4% and specificity of 64.3%. Conclusions: NF-${\kappa}B$ and PRDX3 may serve as early and sensitive biomarkers for early detection of HCC facilitating improved management. The role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) as a target for treatment of liver fibrosis and HCC must be widely evaluated.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Staging of Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Saadany, Sherif El,Mayah, Wael,Kalla, Ferial El,Atta, Tawfik Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.5
Since 1980, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been used as an important tool for the evaluation of malignant diseases in hollow viscus and bilio-pancreas, as well as sub-epithelial tumors. The high-resolution capacity and low penetration depth of EUS make it possible to obtain highly detailed images of the gastrointestinal wall and immediate surroundings to a depth of 4-5 cm. Thus, over the past 35 years, EUS succeeded to modify management in significant number of cases and is now considered a gold standard tool for many gastrointestinal diseases, especially in the pancreatico-biliary tract, and adjuvant needle insertion now allows access to remote lesions that were difficult to reach in the past. With the growing spectrum of indications, tissue sampling for diagnostic purposes has become common. In this review, we aim to highlight the expanding spectrum of EUS indications and uses in staging of upper gastrointestinal malignancies, especially esophageal, gastric and ampullary tumors.
Predictive Value of Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Elmashad, Nehal,Ibrahim, Wesam Salah,Mayah, Wael Wahid,Farouk, Mohamed,AboAli, Lobna,Taha, Atef,Elmashad, Wael Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignant cancer of the liver in the world. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels reflect hepatic function and are inversely correlated with the severity of background chronic liver disease. Objective: This study evaluated whether basal serum IGF-1 levels can predict prognosis of HCC patients according to different risks of disease progression. Materials and Methods: A total of 89 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were recruited in 3 groups: Group I, 30 HCC patients receiving sorafinib; Group II, 30 HCC patients with best supportive care; and Group III include 29 patients undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). All patients were investigated for serum levels of AST, ALP, Bb, Cr, BUN, AFP and IGF-I. Results: Patients with disease control had significantly higher baseline IGF-1 levels 210 (185-232.5) ng/mL (p value<0.01) than did patients without disease control. Low basal IGF-1 levels were associated with advanced HCC, such as multiple tumors and advanced stage, and low IGF-1 levels predicted shorter TTP and overall survival in patients treated with TACE. Conclusions: The levels of serum IGF-1, expressed as continuous values, may be helpful for accurately assessing hepatic function and the prognostic stratification of patients with HCC.