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ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
YAGHOOB JAFARI,MARYAM FARHADI,ANDREA ZIMMERMANN,MASOUD YAHOO 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2017 Journal of Economic Development Vol.42 No.1
This paper applies the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model to examine the impact of trade openness, foreign direct investment liberalization, the decreasing role of the state, energy consumption and urbanization on per capita emission in countries at various stages of economic development and as a group. For this purpose, a dynamic panel estimation applying the Arellano-Bond’s Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was conducted using the average of five-year observations from 1980–2009. The findings suggest that while trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) are not expected to affect environmental quality, increasing role of the state has a negative and significant impact only in developed countries. Further, the results suggest that energy consumption has a significant impact on all countries regardless of their stage of development, while urbanization affects environmental quality only in the least developed countries.
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JINGJING LIU,Norlida Hanim Mohd Salleh,Masoud Yahoo,Nor Ghani Bin Md Nor,Riayati Ahmad 서울대학교행정대학원 2024 Journal of Policy Studies Vol.39 No.1
Due to the increasing trend in prices for food and energy products in global markets, subsidy removal and complementary policies have received significant attention in recent years. Critics of subsidy removal express concerns about the potential negative effects on the economy, including impacts on GDP, employment, household welfare, and production sectors. This has led to worries among majority economic policy-making bodies regarding potential social unrest, particularly its impact on low-income households. Therefore, there exists a debate in the literature on the potential impacts of subsidy removal. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impacts of subsidy removal policies and related subjects using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The main research question is, ‘Do subsidy removal schemes necessarily lead to economic distortions?’ The results indicate that impacts on the economy and household indicators are more explored than the influences on government and industry. The magnitude of these impacts varies depending on the types of subsidies and the extent of subsidy reduction. Considerable attention has been given to the impact of energy subsidy removal in Asian developing countries, while there is a lack of studies on other subsidized products and developed countries. Governments are advised to investigate their unique internal policy dynamics while considering external environments.
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