http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Treatment of Focal Hand Dystonia: Update and Future Direction
조현주,Mark Hallett 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2016 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.9 No.2
Focal hand dystonia (FHD) is characterized by excessive and unwanted muscle activation in both the hand and arm resulting in impaired performance in particular tasks. Understanding the pathophysiology of FHD has progressed significantly for several decades and this has led to consideration of other potential therapies such as non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). A number of studies have been conducted to develop new therapy for FHD using transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. In this paper, we review previous studies and describe the potential therapeutic use of NIBS for FHD. We also discuss the future direction of NIBS to treat FHD.
The Supplementary Motor Complex in Parkinson’s Disease
Shervin Rahimpour,Shashank Rajkumar,Mark Hallett 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2022 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.15 No.1
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although the basal ganglia is traditionally the primary brain region implicated in this disease process, this limited view ignores the roles of the cortex and cerebellum that are networked with the basal ganglia to support motor and cognitive functions. In particular, recent research has highlighted dysfunction in the supplementary motor complex (SMC) in patients with PD. Using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, we identified research articles using keywords pertaining to the involvement of the SMC in action sequencing impairments, temporal processing disturbances, and gait impairment in patients with PD. A review of abstracts and full-text articles was used to identify relevant articles. In this review of 63 articles, we focus on the role of the SMC in PD, highlighting anatomical and functional data to create new perspectives in understanding clinical symptoms and, potentially, new therapeutic targets. The SMC has a nuanced role in the pathophysiology of PD, with both hypo- and hyperactivation associated with various symptoms. Further studies using more standardized patient populations and functional tasks are needed to more clearly elucidate the role of this region in the pathophysiology and treatment of PD.
The Relationship Between Saccades And Locomotion
Anshul Srivastava,Omar F. Ahmad,Christopher Pham Pacia,Mark Hallett,Codrin Lungu 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2018 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.11 No.3
Human locomotion involves a complex interplay among multiple brain regions and depends on constant feedback from the visual system. We summarize here the current understanding of the relationship among fixations, saccades, and gait as observed in studies sampling eye movements during locomotion, through a review of the literature and a synthesis of the relevant knowledge on the topic. A significant overlap in locomotor and saccadic neural circuitry exists that may support this relationship. Several animal studies have identified potential integration nodes between these overlapping circuitries. Behavioral studies that explored the relationship of saccadic and gait-related impairments in normal conditions and in various disease states are also discussed. Eye movements and locomotion share many underlying neural circuits, and further studies can leverage this interplay for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
You, Sung H.,Jang, Sung Ho,Kim, Yun-Hee,Hallett, Mark,Ahn, Sang Ho,Kwon, Yong-Hyun,Kim, Joong Hwi,Lee, Mi Young Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2005 Stroke Vol.36 No.6
<P>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Virtual reality (VR) is a new promising computer-assisted technology to promote motor recovery in stroke patients. VR-induced neuroplasticity supporting locomotor recovery is not known. We investigated the effects of VR intervention on cortical reorganization and associated locomotor recovery in stroke patients. METHODS: Ten chronic stroke patients were assigned randomly to either the control group or the VR group. VR was designed to provide interactive real-life practice environments in which practice parameters can be individualized to optimize motor relearning. Laterality index (LI) in the regions of interests (ROIs) and locomotor recovery were measured before and after VR using functional MRI (fMRI) and standardized locomotor tests, respectively. The t test and nonparametric test were performed to compare the mean differences at P<0.05. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the interval change in the LI score for the primary sensorimotor cortex (SMC) between the groups (P<0.05), indicating that VR practice produced a greater increase in LI for the control group. However, the interval changes in the other ROIs were not significantly different (P>0.05). Motor function was significantly improved after VR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our novel findings suggest that VR could induce cortical reorganization from aberrant ipsilateral to contralateral SMC activation. This enhanced cortical reorganization might play an important role in recovery of locomotor function in patients with chronic stroke. This is the first fMRI study in the literature that provides evidence for neuroplasticity and associated locomotor recovery after VR.</P>
Sensory Tricks for Cervical Levodopa-induced Dyskinesia in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Shin, Hae-Won,Ryu, Ho-Sung,Kim, Juyeon,Kim, Mi-Jung,Hallett, Mark,Chung, Sun Ju Wiley (John WileySons) 2017 Movement disorders Vol.32 No.1
<P>Choreiform or dystonic movement in the craniocervical region can occur as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Sensory tricks' are various alleviating maneuvers for the relief of abnormal postures in patients who have idiopathic focal dystonia, particularly those who have cervical dystonia. The authors report on three men with Parkinson's disease who had been receiving levodopa for more than 3 years and presented with involuntary neck movements during the drug on period. In all three patients, cervical LIDs appeared during the drug on period and completely disappeared during the drug off period. The effects of using sensory tricks to markedly improve the symptoms of cervical LID were studied. In all patients, the cervical LIDs improved more efficiently when sensory tricks were performed on the patient by another person (passive tricks) than by the patient himself (self-sensory tricks). The unique features of the sensory tricks for cervical LID in the current patients may be important clinical evidence of abnormal sensorimotor integration in patients who have PD with LID.</P>
Kim, Yun-Hee,You, Sung H.,Ko, Myoung-Hwan,Park, Ji-Won,Lee, Kwang Ho,Jang, Sung Ho,Yoo, Woo-Kyoung,Hallett, Mark Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2006 Stroke Vol.37 No.6
<P>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although there is some early evidence showing the value of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in stroke rehabilitation, the therapeutic effect of high-frequency rTMS, along with the physiology of rTMS-induced corticomotor excitability supporting motor learning in stroke, has not been established. This study investigated high-frequency rTMS-induced cortical excitability and the associated motor skill acquisition in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Fifteen patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke (13 men; mean age 53.5 years) practiced a complex, sequential finger motor task using their paretic fingers either after 10 Hz or sham rTMS over the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1). Both the changes in the behavior and corticomotor excitability before and after the intervention were examined by measuring the movement accuracy, the movement time, and the motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude. A separate repeated-measures ANOVA and correlation statistics were used to determine the main and interaction effects as well as relationship between the changes in the behavioral and corticomotor excitability. RESULTS: High-frequency rTMS resulted in a significantly larger increase in the MEP amplitude than the sham rTMS (P<0.01), and the plastic change was positively associated with an enhanced motor performance accuracy (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency rTMS of the affected motor cortex can facilitate practice-dependent plasticity and improve the motor learning performance in chronic stroke victims.</P>