Photovoltaic output power fluctuations smoothing methods for single and multiple PV generators

Manoj Datta,Tomonobu Senjyu,Atsushi Yona,Toshihisa Funabashi,Chul-Hwan Kim 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.2

As a new measure for smoothing PV output power fluctuations and for reducing frequency deviations of isolated power utility, firstly, this paper discusses a control method based on fuzzy reasoning for single PV system. The fuzzy reasoning produces output power command for smoothing PV system’s power fluctuations considering insolation and power utility conditions. Secondly, an energy storage based method is proposed. Here, PV output power fluctuations are leveled through battery charge/discharge action and the optimal size of the battery is calculated to minimize the system cost. Thirdly, a simple coordinated control method is proposed for multiple PV systems clustered in different locations. The coordinated method produces central leveling output power command by fuzzy reasoning. Local output power command is generated by multiplying individual maximum power command with tuning factor. All of the proposed methods are compared with the MPPT control and found effective in smoothing PV output power fluctuations.

Smoothing Output Power Variations of Isolated Utility Connected Multiple PV Systems by Coordinated Control

Datta, Manoj,Senjyu, Tomonobu,Yona, Atsushi,Sekine, Hideomi,Funabashi, Toshihisa The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2009 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.9 No.2

A Photovoltaic (PV) system's power output varies with the change of climate. Frequency deviations, tie line voltage swings are caused by the varying PV power when large PV power from several PV systems is fed in the utility. In this paper, to overcome these problems, a simple coordinated control method for smoothing the variations of combined PV power from multiple PV systems is proposed. Here, output power command is formed in two steps: central and local. Fuzzy control is used to produce the central smoothing output power command considering insolation, variance of insolation and absolute average of frequency deviation. In local step, a simple coordination is kept between the central power command and the local power commands by producing a common tuning factor. Power converters are used to achieve the same output power as local command power employing PI control law for each of the PV generation systems. The proposed method is compared with the method where conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control is used for each of the PV systems. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective for smoothing the output power variations and feasible to reduce the frequency deviations of the power utility.

Control of MW-class PV Generation to Reduce Frequency and Tie-line Power Fluctuations in Three Control Area Power System

Manoj Datta,Tomonobu Senjyu,Atsushi Yona,Toshihisa Funabashi 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

This paper presents a frequency control strategy by grid-connected MW class PV generation. The frequency control is proposed based on a load power estimator from the view point of the frequency fluctuation problem. The proposed method is simulated in three control area power systems by considering large penetration of PV generation and is compared with the conventional battery based PV power fluctuations smoothing method. From numerical simulation results, it is found that the proposed method is satisfactory to provide frequency control and to reduce tie-line power fluctuations.

Smoothing Output Power Variations of Isolated Utility Connected Multiple PV Systems by Coordinated Control

Manoj Datta,Tomonobu Senjyu,Atsushi Yona,Hideomi Sekine,Toshihisa Funabashi 전력전자학회 2009 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.9 No.2

A Photovoltaic (PV) system’s power output varies with the change of climate. Frequency deviations, tie line voltage swings are caused by the varying PV power when large PV power from several PV systems is fed in the utility. In this paper, to overcome these problems, a simple coordinated control method for smoothing the variations of combined PV power from multiple PV systems is proposed. Here, output power command is formed in two steps: central and local. Fuzzy control is used to produce the central smoothing output power command considering insolation, variance of insolation and absolute average of frequency deviation. In local step, a simple coordination is kept between the central power command and the local power commands by producing a common tuning factor. Power converters are used to achieve the same output power as local command power employing PI control law for each of the PV generation systems. The proposed method is compared with the method where conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control is used for each of the PV systems. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective for smoothing the output power variations and feasible to reduce the frequency deviations of the power utility.

A Coordinated Control Method for Leveling Output Power Fluctuations of Multiple PV Systems

Tomonobu Senjyu,Manoj Datta,Atsushi Yona,Hideomi Sekine,Toshihisa Funabashi 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

A Photovoltaic (PV) system’s power output fluctuates with the change of weather conditions. Frequency deviations, tie line voltage fluctuations etc. are caused by fluctuating PV power when large PV power from several PV systems is penetrated in the utility. In this paper, to overcome these problems, a simple coordinated control method for leveling the fluctuations of combined PV power from multiple PV systems is proposed. Here, output power command is generated in two steps: central and local. Fuzzy control is used to generate the central leveling output power command considering insolation, variance of insolation and absolute average of frequency deviation. In local step, a simple coordination is maintained between central power command and local power commands by producing a common tuning factor. Power converters are used to achieve the same output power as local command power employing PI control law for each of the PV generation systems. The proposed method is compared with the method where conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control is used for each of the PV system’s power output. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective for leveling output power fluctuations and feasible to reduce the frequency deviations of the power utility.

On the Applicability of Kuramoto Model to Microgrid Technologies

Kevin Prasetio,Manoj Datta,Papan Dey 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

The synchronisation of coupled Kuramoto oscillators has been widely studied by the mathematics and control systems communities and some recent works investigated the close relationship between the Kuramoto oscillators and the power system networks. This paper presents more in-depth analysis of the application of the Kuramoto model to the microgrid technologies. First, the characteristics of the first-order and second-order Kuramoto models are analysed to find the explicit and implicit conditions, which the power system components must satisfy to achieve the synchronisation. Then the models of different components of microgrid are derived by using the Kuramoto model characteristics. The developed models are applied to a modified WSCC 9-bus test system for stability analysis and is simulated under different scenarios. It can be concluded that the Kuramoto coupled oscillator is not applicable to the distribution level microgrid where the line impedances are mainly resistive, however; if the line impedances are assumed to be inductive, it is applicable.

Genetic Transformation of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and Screening Transgenic Progenies Based on Lateral Root Inhibition

Alok Das,Manoj Kumar,Arvind Kumar Singh,Alok Shukla,Jamal Ansari,Subhojit Datta,Narendra Pratap Singh 한국작물학회 2016 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.19 No.4

Production of transgenic pigeonpea is becoming increasingly important, but the methods currently employed in production and subsequent screening still requires improvement. Here, we describe Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of pigeonpea with reporter uidA (gus) gene and selectable marker, neomycin phospho-transferase (nptII) gene. Histochemical assay demonstrate localization of gus activity in cells and transformed plants. Overall, a transformation frequency of 0.33% was achieved using the protocol. Grafting of in vitro-regenerated healthy shoots indicates higher survival percent (72.6%), when stock and scion are of the same variety. Seeds harvested from primary transgenic plants can be screened based on lateral root inhibition strategy. Approximately 87% of the screened T1 plants were found to be PCR positive. In conclusion, in vitro grafting of transgenic pigeonpea shoots leads to better plant establishment and screening based on lateral root inhibition leads to quick identification of positive segregants.

A New Method for Smoothing Output Power Fluctuations of PV System Connected to Small Power Utility

Tomonobu Senjyu,Manoj Datta,Atsushi Yona,Hideomi Sekine,Toshihisa Funabashi 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

A Photovoltaic (PV) system’s power output is not constant and fluctuates depending on weather conditions. Fluctuating power causes frequency deviations in the power utilities when PV power penetration is large. Using a battery is one feasible measure to stabilize a PV system’s power output, but it requires additional costs and results in additional waste of used batteries. In this paper, to overcome these problems, we propose a new method for leveling the fluctuations in a PV system’s power output. By means of the proposed method, output power control of PV system considering the conditions of power utilities becomes possible and the conflicting objective of output power leveling and maximizing energy capture are achieved. Here, fuzzy reasoning is used to generate the output leveling power command. This fuzzy reasoning has three inputs of average insolation, variance of insolation, and absolute average of frequency deviation. Power converter is used to achieve output power same as command power employing PI control law. The proposed method is compared with the method where extracted maximum power is given to the utility without leveling. The simulation results show that proposed method is effective for leveling output fluctuations and feasible to reduce the frequency deviation of the small power utility.

Frequency Control using Real-Time Pricing for Isolated Power Systems

Takahiro Uehara,Gul Ahmad Ludin,Manoj Datta,Tomonobu Senjyu 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

Recently, generators using renewable energy have increased in usage within the power system. These continual increase of these generators is expected in future. Within the power system, output fluctuations of generators using renewable energy causes frequency and voltage fluctuations. Consequently, in the near future, power consumption will have the requirement to track the supply power by a demand-response system. Further, faster power fluctuations that cannot be tracked by demandresponse will need to be compensated by battery systems. This paper describes a technique of frequency and voltage control by using demand-response and battery control for isolated power systems, which includes wind generators. Demand-response is executed corresponding to fluctuations in electric power price using real-time pricing. The H∞ control method installed in batteries is adopted as improvement over the conventional Droop control method. The H∞ control method is compared with the conventional improved Droop control method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results in the Matlab/Simulink environment.

Preparation, characterization and application of polyaniline nanospheres to biosensing

Dhand, Chetna,Das, Maumita,Sumana, Gajjala,Srivastava, Avanish Kumar,Pandey, Manoj Kumar,Kim, Cheol Gi,Datta, Monika,Malhotra, Bansi Dhar Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Nanoscale Vol.2 No.5

<P>Polyaniline nanospheres (PANI-NS) prepared by morphological transformation of micelle polymerized camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) doped polyaniline nanotubes (PANI-NT) in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG) have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infra-red and UV-Visible spectroscopy. A PANI-NS (60–80 nm) film deposited onto an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass plate by the solution casting method has been utilized for covalent immobilization of biomolecules (cholesterol oxidase (ChOx)) <I>via</I><I>N</I>-ethyl-<I>N</I>′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and <I>N</I>-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) chemistry for fabrication of a cholesterol biosensor. The ChOx/PANI-NS/ITO bioelectrode detects cholesterol in the concentration range of 25 to 500 mg dL<SUP>−1</SUP> with sensitivity of 1.3 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP> mA mg<SUP>−1</SUP> dL and regression coefficient of 0.98. Further, this PANI-NS based bioelectrode shows fast response time (10 s), low Michaelis–Menten constant (2.5 mM) and shelf-life of 12 weeks. The spherical nanostructure observed in the final morphology of the PANI-NS film is attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions between PANI-NT and EG.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Morphological transformation of CSA-PANI nanotubes to nanospheres in EG <I>via</I> solvation energy generated from hydrogen bonding interactions. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b9nr00346k'> </P>