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Effect of Arrangement of Design Elements on Recognition of Complex Signs
Maki Ishihara,Akira Okada,Kuniko Yamashita 대한인간공학회 2007 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.26 No.4
Due to the expansion of cities and the increasing number of large-scale and complex public spaces, there is an increase in public signage. Moreover, the information described on these signs tends to be diverse and complicated. Complex signs that contain multiple destinations or other information must be considered to determine not only the proper size, color, etc. but also the most effective arrangement of design elements. In the previous research, the cognitive utility of complex public signs was estimated using computer simulation software. In the current research, we focused on the objective estimation of the effectiveness of the results obtained in the previous research utilizing an eye mark recording system. Two cognitive engineering experiments clarified five points for improvement in the usability of complex signs, as follows: 1) Parallel construction of characters and pictograms is more efficient. 2) Grouping elements result in rapid recognition of information chunks. 3) Visual characters and pictograms are effective, along with proper density of information. 4) Specific arrangement of sign arrows is effective. 5) Figures on signs influence the sequence of information searches.
Maki Tobari,Etsuko Hashimoto 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.5
This review provides an update on the characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with a focus on the effects of age, sex, and body mass index. Age is a risk factor for NAFLD progression; however, extremely old patients have unique features, namely, the associations between metabolic comorbidities and NAFLD are weaker and NAFLD is not a risk factor for mortality. The prevalence of NAFLD is higher in men than in premenopausal women, whereas the reverse is true after menopause. Thus, before menopause, estrogen may have protective effects against NAFLD. Our hospital data showed that over 25% of male patients with NAFLD and almost 40% of female patients with NAFLD, especially elderly patients, were nonobese. Although histological steatosis and activity were associated with body mass index, the prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was not. The prevalence of advanced fibrosis showed a significant sex difference. Advanced fibrosis was significantly more frequent among severely obese men but the prevalence was lower among severely obese women. This difference could be because a substantial proportion of severely obese women were premenopausal; thus, estrogen may have much stronger effects on the development of fibrosis than on obesity. Further studies are required to develop tailored management strategies.
Colored Batch Petri Net and its Application to Emergency Evacuation System
Maki Yabuuchi,Atsushi Ohta,Kohkichi Tsuji 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
Petri net is a powerful modeling tool for concurrent systems. This paper gives the definition of batch colored Petri net, an extended class of Petri net. Some analysis methods are studied. These results are applied to verification of an emergency evacuation system.
Makis, William,Derbekyan, Vilma The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2012 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.46 No.1
A 67-year-old woman, who presented with a 2 month history of dyspnea, had a ventilation and perfusion lung scan that showed absent perfusion of the entire right lung with normal ventilation, as well as a rounded matched defect in the left lower lung adjacent to midline, suspicious for an aortic aneurysm or dissection. CT pulmonary angiography revealed a massive descending aortic aneurysm compressing the right pulmonary artery as well as the left lung parenchyma, accounting for the bilateral perfusion scan defects. We present the Xe-133 ventilation, Tc-99m MAA perfusion and CT pulmonary angiography imaging findings of this rare case.
Maki, Teruya,Ishikawa, Akira,Kobayashi, Fumihisa,Kakikawa, Makiko,Aoki, Kazuma,Mastunaga, Tomoki,Hasegawa, Hiroshi,Iwasaka, Yasunobu Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.3
Atmospheric aerosol deposition caused by Asian dust (KOSA) events provide nutrients, trace metals, and organic compounds over the Pacific Ocean that enhance ocean productivity and carbon sequestration and, thus, influence the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate. Using dust particles obtained from the snow layers on Mt. Tateyama and the surface sand of Loess Plateau in incubation experiments with natural seawater samples on a shipboard, we demonstrate that dust-particle additions enhanced the bacterial growth on the first day of incubation. Gram-positive bacterial group and alpha-proteobacteria were specifically detected form seawater samples including the mineral particles. Although the remarkable dynamics of trace elements and nutrients depend on dust-particle additions, it is possible that organic compounds present in the mineral particles or transported microbial cells could also contribute to an increase in the quantities of bacteria. The chlorophyll concentrations at fractions of every size indicated a similar pattern of change between the seawater samples with and without the dust-particle additions. In contrast, the chlorophyll measurement using submersible fluorometer revealed that the dynamics of phytoplankton composition were influenced by the dust-particles treatments. We conclude that the phytoplankton that uses the bacterial products would increase their biomass. We show that KOSA deposition can potentially alter the structures of bacterial communities and indirectly influence the patterns of marine primary production in the Pacific Ocean.
Effect of arrangement of design elements on recognition of complex signs
Maki Ishihara,Akira Okada,Kuniko Yamashita 대한인간공학회 2007 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
Due to the expansion of cities and the increasing number of large-scale and complex public spaces, there is an increase in public signage. Moreover, the information described on these signs tends to be diverse and complicated. Complex signs that contain multiple destinations or other information must be considered to determine not only the proper size, color, etc. but also the most effective arrangement of design elements. In the previous research, the cognitive utility of complex public signs was estimated using computer simulation software. In the current research, we focused on the objective estimation of the effectiveness of the results obtained in the previous research utilizing an eye mark recording system. Two cognitive engineering experiments clarified five points for improvement in the usability of complex signs, as follows: 1) Parallel construction of characters and pictograms is more efficient. 2) Grouping elements result in rapid recognition of information chunks. 3) Visual characters and pictograms are effective, along with proper density of information. 4) Specific arrangement of sign arrows is effective. 5) Figures on signs influence the sequence of information searches.
Makis, William,Ciarallo, Anthony,Novales-Diaz, Javier-A.,Lisbona, Robert The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2011 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.45 No.4
Bilateral renal masses are uncommon but can raise a strong suspicion of primary or secondary malignancy, especially during the initial work-up of an oncology patient. Renal oncocytomas are benign renal tumors that are commonly discovered incidentally on diagnostic imaging with a small percentage occurring bilaterally. Although $^{18}F$-FDG uptake in renal oncocytomas has been described, a case of a bilateral $^{18}F$-FDG-avid renal oncocytoma has not been previously reported in the literature. A variety of malignant causes of bilateral $^{18}F$-FDG positive renal masses are known, however it is important to include this benign etiology in the differential diagnosis. We report an unusual case of an incidental bilateral renal oncocytoma evaluated with contrast enhanced CT and $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT.
Makis, William,Alabed, Yazan Z.,Nahal, Ayoub,Novales-Diaz, Javier A.,Hickeson, Marc The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2012 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.46 No.2
A 59-year-old man with a 30-year history of multiple recurrences of a giant cell tumor (GCT) of the left knee was referred for an $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT to evaluate a solitary pulmonary nodule. The nodule was mildly FDG-avid, raising suspicion of malignancy. It was excised and histologically proven to be a GCT pulmonary metastasis. A follow-up PET/CT done 2 years later revealed a new, larger lung mass that was more intensely FDG-avid, but of the same histology. This rare report highlights a pitfall in the evaluation of solitary pulmonary lesions by $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT in patients with GCT of the bone.