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Reynold Macpherson,박선형 서울대학교 교육연구소 2015 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.16 No.1
This philosophy paper proposes that a primary purpose of Educational Administration, as a field of study, research and practice in South Korea, becomes national capacity building. It does this by evaluating the current scope of Educational Administration against the need for a new national education policy to help South Korea make the transition from being an economic success to become a creativity-driven knowledge society. It examines the current policy dilemmas to point to the need for a national reform process. It recommends an independent presidential commission to (a) consult all interest groups using a Green Paper–White Paper–Blue Book process, (b) draft a fresh Education Act for consideration in the National Assembly and (c) prepare a detailed, budgeted and fully funded implementation programme. It indicates how researchers and scholars in the field could make significant contributions to such a national policy-making and implementation process. Finally, it recommends that the field adopt a comprehensive approach to capacity building in order to integrate professional development, organizational development and legal and regulatory development in the administration of education with wider government reforms in public administration as South Korea becomes a creative learning state.
Acupuncture and the Emerging Evidence Base: Contrived Controversy and Rational Debate
Hugh MacPherson,Richard Hammerschlag 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.4
The rising incidence of chronic disease and stress-related illness in the West, coupled with an expanding awareness of the unwanted side effects of pharmaceutical treatment, has led to an increased utilization of acupuncture as a contemporary health care option. This increase in utilization, in turn, has paralleled a response to the call for evidence, with the result that acupuncture is now supported by a broad range of surveys of safety, clinical trials and basic science studies of physiologic action. The combined impact of these studies is linked to a growing acceptance of this traditional medical practice. The present review takes a wide-angle look at these three major areas of acupuncture research, namely: safety and the risks of serious adverse events; clinical efficacy and effectiveness; and physiologic action. We identify advances in knowledge and present a point counterpoint approach to controversial issues, with the aim of offering clarification if not a measure of resolution.
Exploring the Use of Exercise as Punishment in Sport
Gretchen Kerr,Ashley Stirling,Ellen MacPherson,Jenessa Banwell,Ahad Bandealy,Cassidy Preston 한국코칭능력개발원 2016 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.10 No.2
This exploratory study sought to examine the use of exercise as punishment in sport. Despite the existence of numerous policies that condone the use of exercise as punishment in sport and physical education settings, anecdotal evidence suggests it continues to be used as a coaching and teaching practice. To-date, very few studies have studied this phenomenon empirically. The purpose of this exploratory study therefore was to examine athletes’ experiences of the use of exercise as punishment, with a focus on the occurrence, types, precipitants, and perceived consequences of this practice. In the first phase of the study, 12 university-level football players were interviewed about their experiences of exercise as punishment. The findings from phase one, along with existing literature, were used to inform phase two of the study which involved the development and administration of a survey to undergraduate students in a kinesiology/physical education program (n=335) who had experiences in competitive sport. Taken together, the findings indicated that experiences of exercise as punishment are common, are typically administered by the head coach in public training settings as a result of poor athletic performance and behavioural infractions, and are reportedly associated with negative consequences for the athletes. The findings are interpreted to suggest that the coaching practice of administering exercise as punishment is a commonly accepted method of addressing undesirable performances and behaviours. As this study is exploratory in nature, numerous questions for future research remain including further study of coaches’ and athletes’ perspectives on the use of exercise as punishment, and contextual influences that enable the use of these practices. Implications for practice include education for coaches regarding alternative disciplinary strategies.
Cox, Simon R.,Valdé,s Herná,ndez, Maria del Carmen,Kim, Jaeil,Royle, Natalie A.,MacPherson, Sarah E.,Ferguson, Karen J.,Muñ,oz Maniega, Susana,Anblagan, Devasuda,Aribisala, Benjamin Pergamon Press 2017 Psychoneuroendocrinology Vol.78 No.-
<▼1><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Elevated cortisol does not appear to be associated with regional variations in hippocampal shape.</P>•<P>Novel shape morphology analysis applied to study possible effect of cortisol on hippocampus.</P>•<P>Mean diffusivity in hippocampus is associated with reactive cortisol slope in older men.</P></P></▼1><▼2><P>High, unabated glucocorticoid (GC) levels are thought to selectively damage certain tissue types. The hippocampus is thought to be particularly susceptible to such effects, and though findings from animal models and human patients provide some support for this hypothesis, evidence for associations between elevated GCs and lower hippocampal volumes in older age (when GC levels are at greater risk of dysregulation) is inconclusive. To address the possibility that the effects of GCs in non-pathological ageing may be too subtle for gross volumetry to reliably detect, we analyse associations between salivary cortisol (diurnal and reactive measures), hippocampal morphology and diffusion characteristics in 88 males, aged ∼73 years. However, our results provide only weak support for this hypothesis. Though nominally significant peaks in morphology were found in both hippocampi across all salivary cortisol measures (standardised <I>β</I> magnitudes < 0.518, <I>p<SUB>uncorrected</SUB></I> > 0.0000003), associations were both positive and negative, and none survived false discovery rate correction. We found one single significant association (out of 12 comparisons) between a general measure of hippocampal diffusion and reactive cortisol slope (<I>β</I> <I>=</I> 0.290, <I>p</I> = 0.008) which appeared to be driven predominantly by mean diffusivity but did not survive correction for multiple testing. The current data therefore do not clearly support the hypothesis that elevated cortisol levels are associated with subtle variations in hippocampal shape or microstructure in non-pathological older age.</P></▼2>
( P. Stirling ),( N. D. Clement ),( D. Macdonald ),( J. T. Patton ),( R. Burnett ),( G. J. Macpherson ) 대한슬관절학회 2019 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.31 No.1
Aims: The primary study aim was to compare early knee-specific function of patients undergoing cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with either a cruciate-retaining (CR) polyethylene insert or a highly congruent condylarstabilizing (CS) insert. Secondary aims were to compare general health and satisfaction between the groups. Methods: A total of 418 consecutive primary TKAs were identified retrospectively. Demographics and preoperative and 1-year postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected prospectively. PROMs consisted of Oxford Knee Scores, EuroQol-5 Dimensions scores, and Short Form-12 scores. Results: A total of 54 (12.9%) patients received a CS insert and 364 patients received a CR TKA. The CS group had a significantly (odds ratio (OR) 2.9; p = 0.002) greater proportion of females (77.8% versus 54.9%). The only significant difference in postoperative PROMs was a higher Short Form-12 physical component score in the CR group (difference 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1 to 6.1; p = 0.04). Linear regression analysis demonstrated no significant difference for all postoperative PROMs (p > 0.25). There was no significant difference in satisfaction rate (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.42 to 2.12; p = 0.56) or pain visual analogue score (difference 6.1; 95% CI -1.9 to 14.0; p = 0.14) between the groups. Conclusion: More congruent CS inserts have equivalent PROMs and patient satisfaction at 1 year compared with less congruent CR inserts. These represent an option for surgeons undertaking TKA where increased congruency is desired.