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Li, X.B.,Rahman, Md.M.,Xu, G.R.,Lee, J.J. Pergamon Press 2015 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.173 No.-
A highly sensitive and selective electrochemical method based on a poly(chromotrope 2B)-modified anodized glassy carbon electrode (PCHAGCE) was developed for the determination of dopamine (DA) in the presence of uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). The PCHAGCE sensor exhibited excellent electron-mediating behavior towards the oxidation of DA in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH7.0). It was found that the electrocatalytic activity was significantly dependent on the charge status and molecular structure of the target molecules. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements revealed oxidation signals for DA, UA, and AA that were well-resolved into three distinct peaks with AA-DA, DA-UA, and AA-UA peak potential separations (ΔE<SUB>p</SUB>) of 172, 132, and 304mV, respectively. A detection limit of 0.04+/-0.001μM (S/N=3) and a quantification limit (S/N=10) of 0.149+/-0.03μM were obtained for DA sensing in a linear range of 1 to 40μM in PBS (pH7.0) with a very high sensitivity of 1.522+/-0.032μA.μM<SUP>-1</SUP>. The DA concentrations in human urine samples were also successfully determined with recoveries of 94.0-98.0%. This approach provides a simple, easy, sensitive, and selective method to detect DA in the presence of AA and UA.
Maniruzzaman, Md.,Rahman, M.A.,Jeong, K.,Nam, H.s.,Lee, J. Pergamon Press 2014 RENEWABLE ENERGY Vol.71 No.-
A MoO<SUB>3</SUB>/Au/MoO<SUB>3</SUB> structure with a protective barrier Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> was developed to suppress the reactions between MoO<SUB>3</SUB> and the PEDOT:PSS film in organic solar cells (OSCs). Though the maximum optical transmittance of this structure was 66% at 550 nm wavelength, the power conversion efficiency of a MoO<SUB>3</SUB>/Au/MoO<SUB>3</SUB>/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/PEDOT:PSS based OSCs was 2.77%, comparable to the 2.89% of an ITO-based OSCs. The introduction of a very thin Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> layer between the MoO<SUB>3</SUB> and the acidic PEDOT:PSS film effectively protected the MoO<SUB>3</SUB> from the acidic and water dispersed PEDOT:PSS film, increasing the J<SUB>sc</SUB>, V<SUB>oc</SUB> and FF of the structure above those of the MoO<SUB>3</SUB>/Au/MoO<SUB>3</SUB>/PEDOT:PSS structure. The Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (1 nm) introduced to the MoO<SUB>3</SUB>/Au/MoO<SUB>3</SUB> structure improved J<SUB>sc</SUB> because it suppressed the reactions between MoO<SUB>3</SUB> and PEDOT:PSS and lowered the work function of the PEDOT:PSS film. The MoO<SUB>3</SUB>/Au/MoO<SUB>3</SUB>/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> electrode was shown to be a promising replacement of ITO for use in flexible optoelectronic devices.
Zyoud, A.,Abdul-Rahman, N.N.,Campet, G.,Park, D.,Kwon, H.,Kim, T.W.,Choi, H.J.,Helal, M.H.S.,Hilal, H.S. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry Vol.774 No.-
<P>Polycrystalline CdSe films have been deposited onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO/glass) substrates by three different techniques, electrochemical deposition (ECD), chemical bath deposition (CBD) and, for the first time, combined ECD and CBD (ECD/CBD). The films were comparatively characterized-by photoluminescence spectra (PL), electronic absorption spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM micrographs show that the films involved rod shaped agglomerates with various lengths and widths. XRD patterns show that the three systems involved nano-sized CdSe particles with cubic type crystals. Based on Scherrer's equation, the ECD film showed larger particle size than the CBD film, while the ECD/CBD film showed largest particles among the series. Similarly, the band gap values varied for different films as CBD > ECD > ECD/CBD. Photo electrochemical (PEC) characteristics, including photo-current density vs. voltage (J-V) plots, conversion efficiency (eta), fill factor (FF) and stability were all studied for different film electrodes. The films exhibited n-type behaviors with direct band gaps. The new ECD/CBD-CdSe electrode exhibited higher conversion efficiency (eta%similar to 4.40) than other counterparts. The results show the added value of combining ECD and CBD methods in enhancing PEC characteristics of CdSe film electrodes, even with no additional treatment. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Recovery of struvite from animal wastewater and its nutrient leaching loss in soil
Rahman, M.M.,Liu, Y.,Kwag, J.H.,Ra, C. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2011 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.186 No.2
Contaminants in swine wastewater were recovered in the form of struvite, a crystal of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), using a newly designed process, and the leaching loss of MAP in soil was examined. The continuous flow process was operated under optimal conditions: 1.0 molar ratio of magnesium (Mg) addition with respect to orthophosphate (OP) and an aeration rate of 0.73L/Lmin. Five treatments were performed with three replications for soil pH and nutrient leaching loss tests. It was found that 93% of the OP in the swine wastewater was crystallized, and the MAP crystal formation was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. The analyses revealed that the pattern of pH change and N leaching losses for MAP-treated soil were remarkably different from those for fused super phosphate (FSP)-urea-treated soils. The pH levels for the control and FSP-urea-treated soils after a five-week experiment were unchanged or slightly decreased, whereas an increase in pH was observed in the MAP-treated soils. Leaching loss of N was higher in FSP-urea treatments, with MAP treatments showing N losses of only 1.93 and 2.05%, respectively, while FSP-urea treatments showed N losses of 7.82 and 6.47%, respectively, during the same period. Phosphate (P) leaching was very slow in both MAP- and FSP-treated groups.
Rahman, S.M.E.,Park, J.H.,Wang, J.,Oh, D.H. Applied Science Publishers 2012 Journal of food engineering Vol.113 No.4
Low concentration electrolyzed water (LcEW) has been proved to be an effective sanitizer against pathogens in cell suspensions as well as pathogens and spoilage organisms attached to vegetables, poultry and meat. In this study, effect of current, electrolysis time and salt concentration on physical properties (pH, ORP and ACC) and inactivation efficacy of LcEW was monitored. Pure cultures of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes were prepared and exposure treatment was performed for bacteria inactivation study in cell suspensions at room temperature (23+/-2<SUP>o</SUP>C). Our results showed increased reduction of both pathogens with the increase in current. Changes of current also affected the ACC, pH and ORP values of the tested solution. Values of ACC, pH and ORP were increased with the increase in current. Log reduction of 4.9-5.6logCFU/mL for both pathogens was achieved when the current was increased from 1.15 to 1.45A. Electrolysis time and percent of salt concentration also influenced the physical properties of LcEW. Stability of LcEW was also investigated under different conditions and it was observed that LcEW produced with increased electrical current was more stable during storage. Therefore, current might influence the properties and sanitizing effect of LcEW.
Effects of an Al interlayer on the formation of Pt film on TiO<sub>2</sub>/Pt/Si structures
Rahman, M.A.,Kim, A.,Lee, C.,Han, J.,Soh, H.,Nam, H.s.,Ruh, H.,Lee, J. Elsevier 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.4
We optimized the Al interlayer that was deposited by CVD on UV-exposed TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces and investigated the effect of the Al interlayer on CVD of Pt. TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces irradiated with UV-exposure increased the concentration of hydroxyl groups, which allowed for uniform nucleation and enhanced growth of the Al interlayer. The Al coated TiO<SUB>2</SUB> influenced the CVD of Pt, enhancing the growth rate and the inter-connectivity on Al/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the degree of crystallinity of the Al interlayer on UV-exposed TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces and the Pt deposited on Al/UV-exposed TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. In addition, a tape test showed enhanced adhesion properties of Pt due to the direct chemical bond formation of Pt and the Al interlayer.