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Vanessa M. Hayes,Sean M. Patrick,Joyce Shirinde,Weerachai Jaratlerdsiri,Mukudeni Nenzhelele,Mulalo B. Radzuma,Kazzem Gheybi,Winstar Mokua,Micah O. Oyaro,Daniel M. Moreira,Ikenna C. Madueke,HEROIC PCaP 대한비뇨기종양학회 2024 Journal of Urologic Oncology Vol.22 No.2
Prostate cancer shows significant racial disparity, with men of African ancestry disproportionately impacted. While prostate cancer health disparity studies focus on elucidating the contributing socioeconomic, lifestyle, environmental, biological and underlying genetic factors, genome sequencing is helping to reduce the burden through disease stratification and treatment. Sub-Saharan Africa has, till now, been excluded from these benefits. The new Prostate Cancer Precision Health Africa1K Health Equity Research Outcomes and Improvement Consortium has been tasked with addressing this gap. Initiating efforts in Southern Africa, with the highest globally recorded regional mortality rates, in this review we discuss our earliest observations, with the objective to share knowledge, encourage further inclusivity across Sub-Saharan Africa, while considering challenges and benefits. Most notably, and in contrast to regions of current scientific efforts, African nations not only represent extreme disparities in rural-urban transition, but our early data also suggests that this transition has direct impact on both genetic and nongenetic health determinants, with further translation into tumour genome disparities. Ultimately, we propose from this first-of-its-kind resource, that rural communities provide an unmet opportunity to control for cultural practices, regional movement, genetic ancestry, and environmental exposures to enhance African inclusion in prostate cancer health disparity studies.
Impact of toroidal and poloidal mode spectra on the control of non-axisymmetric fields in tokamaks
Lanctot, M. J.,Park, J.-K.,Piovesan, P.,Sun, Y.,Buttery, R. J.,Frassinetti, L.,Grierson, B. A.,Hanson, J. M.,Haskey, S. R.,In, Y.,Jeon, Y. M.,La Haye, R. J.,Logan, N. C.,Marrelli, L.,Orlov, D. M.,Paz- American Institute of Physics, 2017 Physics of plasmas Vol.24 No.5
Electrophysiological activity of the Sirex noctilio ovipositor: You know the drill?
R.A. Hayes,M.W. Griffiths,H.F. Nahrung 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2
Sirexwoodwasp (Sirex noctilio F: Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is amajor worldwide pest of pine (Pinus) species. The female woodwasp undertakes exploratory drills with the ovipositor prior to egg-laying to assess tree suitability. Previous work has shown that this behaviour is associated with assessing the osmotic pressure of the tree. Here we show that, in addition, the ovipositor is electrophysiologically active and capable of detecting ethanol and chemical components of solvent extracts of pine needles and bark. Scanning electron micrographs of the ovipositor show the presence of structures which may have a chemoreceptive function. Our research expands our knowledge of the role that the Sirex ovipositor plays in egg-laying site selection.
Walker, Alexander M.,Hayes, Robert P.,Youn, Buhyun,Vermerris, Wilfred,Sattler, Scott E.,Kang, ChulHee American Society of Plant Biologists 2013 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.162 No.2
<P><I>The catalytic mechanism and exact specificity for hydroxycinnamoyltransferase from sorghum were determined by comprehensive approaches with crystal structures of apo-form and ternary product complex, site-directed mutagenesis, and kinetic and thermodynamic analyses.</I></P>
Seungwon Lee,Junghyun Lee,Hayes, M. H.,Joonki Paik IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on consumer electronics Vol.58 No.1
<P>In this paper, we present an adaptive background generation method for automatic selection of initial object regions, which realizes simultaneous object detection and depth estimation using multiple color-filter aperture (MCA) camera. Since the conventional background generation method does not fit the depth estimation using the MCA camera, we propose a novel color-based background generation method which can reduce interference in the object region for stable depth estimation. For efficient estimation of color shifting vectors in the extracted object region, a simplified elastic registration (ER) algorithm is used. The proposed simplified method is essential factor to realize realtime depth estimation and tracking, which is the primary condition for consumer applications. Finally, the object distance is determined by using the relationship between the pre-specified distance transformation function and the estimated shifting vectors of the corresponding object region. Although traditional depth estimation methods generally use dual cameras for stereo vision, the proposed method uses only a single camera for both object detection and depth estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed MCA camera-based object detection system can be used in a variety of consumer surveillance systems such as intelligent transport systems, 3D-based cameras and advanced safety vehicles.</P>
Jaehyun Im,Jaehwan Jeon,Hayes, M. H.,Joonki Paik IEEE 2011 IEEE transactions on consumer electronics Vol.57 No.4
<P>In this paper, we present a novel high dynamic range (HDR) imaging method using a single image. The existing multiple image-based HDR methods work only on condition that there is no camera and object movement when acquiring multiple, differently exposed low dynamic range (LDR) images. To overcome such an unrealistic restriction, we make three LDR images from a single input image using local histogram stretching. An edge-preserving spatially adaptive denoising method is also proposed to suppress the noise that is amplified in the histogram stretching process. Because the proposed method self-generates three histogram-stretched LDR images from a single input image, ghost artifacts that are the result of the relative motion between the camera and objects during exposure time, are inherently removed. Therefore, the proposed method can be applied to mobile imaging devices such as a mobile phone camera and a consumer compact camera to provide the ghost artifacts free HDR function in the form of either embedded or post-processing software.</P>
Challenges and Opportunities for Typhoid Fever Control: A Call for Coordinated Action
Steele, A. Duncan,Hay Burgess, Deborah C.,Diaz, Zoey,Carey, Megan E.,Zaidi, Anita K. M. Oxford University Press 2016 Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol.62//SUP1 No.-
<P>The burden of enteric fever caused by <I>Salmonella enterica</I> serovars Typhi and Paratyphi is substantial and has high impact in toddlers and young children. This burden is relatively well documented in Asia, and this supplement provides new data on the substantial burden in several sub-Saharan African countries. Challenges in standardized surveillance and imperfect diagnostic tools have resulted in patchy local disease data, which are not well acknowledged or integrated into local country evidence and health awareness for decision making. There is a need to strengthen diagnostics for the generation of burden data in country. Furthermore, the guidelines and training for treatment of enteric fever cases in Africa are sorely needed to help mitigate the inappropriate use of antimicrobial treatment. Classic water safety and access to sanitation development remain powerful tools for the control of typhoid fever, yet the huge economic costs and long timelines are unlikely to provide a short- to middle-term solution. Emerging threats, including multidrug resistance and increasing urbanization in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, warrant focused attention to shorter-term interventions including immunization, and must include vaccine strategies with the new typhoid conjugate vaccines.</P>
Brock, G.,Heiselman, D.,Maggi, M.,Kim, S.W.,Rodriguez Vallejo, J.M.,Behre, H.M.,McGettigan, J.,Dowsett, S.A.,Hayes, R.P.,Knorr, J.,Ni, X.,Kinchen, K. Williams and Wilkins Co 2016 The Journal of urology Vol.195 No.3
<P>Purpose: We determined the effect of testosterone solution 2% on total testosterone level and the 2 symptoms of hypogonadism, sex drive and energy level. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo controlled, 16-week study to compare the effect of testosterone and placebo on the proportion of men with a testosterone level within the normal range (300 to 1,050 ng/dl) upon treatment completion. We also assessed the impact of testosterone on sex drive and energy level measured using SAID (Sexual Arousal, Interest and Drive scale) and HED (Hypogonadism Energy Diary), respectively. A total of 715 males 18 years old or older with total testosterone less than 300 ng/dl and at least 1 symptom of testosterone deficiency (decreased energy and/or decreased sexual drive) were randomized to 60 mg topical testosterone solution 2% or placebo once daily. Results: Of study completers 73% in the testosterone vs 15% in the placebo group had a testosterone level within the normal range at study end point (p < 0.001). Participants assigned to testosterone showed greater baseline to end point improvement in SAID scores (low sex drive subset p < 0.001 vs placebo) and HED scores (low energy subset p = 0.02 vs placebo, not significant at prespecified p < 0.01). No major adverse cardiovascular or venous thrombotic events were reported in the testosterone group. The incidence of increased hematocrit was higher with testosterone vs placebo (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Once daily testosterone solution 2% for 12 weeks was efficacious in restoring normal testosterone levels and improving sexual drive in hypogonadal men. Improvement was also seen in energy levels on HED though not at the prespecified p < 0.01. No new safety signals were identified.</P>