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Kang, H.M.,Lee, E.K.,Song, B.M.,Heo, G.B.,Jung, J.,Jang, I.,Bae, Y.C.,Jung, S.C.,Lee, Y.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2017 Veterinary microbiology Vol.198 No.-
<P>A highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus was first detected in poultry and wild birds in South Korea in January 2014. Here, we determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three different clades of 1-15 viruses in mandarin ducks to examine the potential for wild bird infection. H5N8 (Glade 2.3.4.4) replicated more efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of mandarin ducks than two previously identified H5N1 virus clades (clades 2.2 and 2.3.2.1). However, none of the mandarin ducks infected with H5N8 and H5N1 viruses showed severe clinical signs or mortality, and gross lesions were only observed in a few tissues. Viral replication and shedding were greater in H5N8-infected ducks than in H5N1-infected ducks. Recovery of all viruses from control duck in contact with infected ducks indicated that the highly pathogenic H5 viruses spread horizontally through contact. Taken together, these results suggest that H5N8 viruses spread efficiently in mandarin ducks. Further studies of pathogenicity in wild birds are required to examine possible long-distance dissemination via migration routes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
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Song, B.M.,Kang, H.M.,Lee, E.K.,Jung, S.C.,Kim, M.C.,Lee, Y.N.,Kang, S.M.,Lee, Y.J. Butterworths ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Vaccine Vol.34 No.5
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses derived from A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 have been continuously circulating globally, severely affecting the public health and poultry industries. The matrix 2 protein ectodomain (M2e) is considered a promising candidate for a universal cross-protective influenza vaccine that provides more effective control over HPAI H5 viruses harboring variant hemagglutinin (HA)-antigens. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e presented on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) either alone or as a supplement against HPAI H5 viruses in a chicken model. Chickens immunized with M2e5x VLPs alone induced M2e-specific antibodies but were not protected against HPAI H5. The homo- and cross-protective efficacy of M2e5x VLP-supplemented vaccination of chickens was also examined. Importantly, supplementation with M2e5x VLPs induced significantly higher levels of antibodies specific for M2e and different viruses as well as provided improved protection against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5 viruses. Considering the limited efficacy of inactivated vaccines, supplement vaccination with M2e5x VLPs may be an effective measure for preventing outbreaks of HPAI viruses that have the ability to constantly change their antigenic properties in poultry.
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Kim, B.S.,Jeong, C.S.,Kim, J.M.,Park, S.B.,Park, S.H.,Jeon, J.K.,Jung, S.C.,Kim, S.C.,Park, Y.K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.265 No.-
<P>H-V-MCM-41 catalysts containing 5, 10, and 30 wt% of vanadium were synthesized and applied to the ex situ catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of three polymeric components of lignocellulosic biomass for the first time. Characterization of the catalysts was performed using N-2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, FT-IR, and NH3-TPD. The results of XRD analysis showed that 5 wt% and 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 catalysts maintained the mesoporous structure, whereas the mesoporous structure was destroyed in 30 wt% H-V-MCM-41 with considerable amount of small V2O5 crystalline outside the framework. NH3-TPD showed that H-V-MCM-41 has mostly weak acid sites and that 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 had the largest quantity of acid sites due to framework vanadium. In the case of CP of cellulose using Py-GC/MS, 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 showed the highest catalytic activity for the production of valuable furanic compounds such as furfural because of the enhanced deoxygenation over the acid sites formed on framework vanadium. In the case of CP of xylan as well, 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 led to the largest yield of mono-aromatics. The production of acetic acid was also promoted by H-V-MCM-41 catalysts. The CP of lignin over H-V-MCM-41 catalysts promoted substantially the production of important feedstock chemicals for the petrochemical industry: phenolics and mono-aromatics. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
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Kim, M.h.,Lee, J.,Jung, K.,Kim, M.,Park, Y.J.,Ahn, H.,Kwon, Y.H.,Hah, J.M. Elsevier/Pergamon 2013 Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry Vol.21 No.8
1-Heteroaryl-2-aryl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized as inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinases, JNK3. Their activities were evaluated through measurement of K<SUB>d</SUB> using SPR, JNK3 kinase assay, and cell-viability of human neuroblastoma cells. Most tested compounds showed high affinity (10μM-46nM) to JNK3. Among them, compound 16f exhibited potent activities (K<SUB>d</SUB>=46nM). Especially, 16f was also found to present a potent cell protective effect (IC<SUB>50</SUB>=1.09μM) against toxicity induced by anisomycin, showing a possibility as protective therapeutics in neuronal cell apoptosis.
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Kang, H.J.,Noh, T.H.,Na, Y.M.,Yoo, K.H.,Jung, O.S. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2009 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.362 No.6
The reaction of (COD)PdCl<SUB>2</SUB> (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) with (3-Py)<SUB>2</SUB>SiR<SUB>1</SUB>R<SUB>2</SUB> (3-Py=3-pyridyl; R<SUB>1</SUB>=Ph, R<SUB>2</SUB>=Ph (m-pdps); R<SUB>1</SUB>=Ph, R<SUB>2</SUB>=Me (m-pmps)) in acetone affords single crystals consisting of cyclodimers, [PdCl<SUB>2</SUB>((3-Py)<SUB>2</SUB>SiR<SUB>1</SUB>R<SUB>2</SUB>)]<SUB>2</SUB>, whereas the same reaction in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol yields amorphous spheres consisting of cyclotrimers, [PdCl<SUB>2</SUB>((3-Py)<SUB>2</SUB>SiR<SUB>1</SUB>R<SUB>2</SUB>)]<SUB>3</SUB>. In a boiling chloroform solution, the cyclodimers are completely converted to cyclotrimers. These cyclotrimers, in the 10-60<SUP>o</SUP>C range, are partly returned to cyclodimers. By contrast, the reaction of (COD)PdCl<SUB>2</SUB> with (3-Py)<SUB>2</SUB>SiR<SUB>1</SUB>R<SUB>2</SUB> (R<SUB>1</SUB>=Bu, R<SUB>2</SUB>=Me (m-pbms); R<SUB>1</SUB>=dodecyl, R<SUB>2</SUB>=Me (m-pddms)) yields amorphous spheres consisting of cyclotrimers irrespective of solvents. Both [PdCl<SUB>2</SUB>(m-pbms)]<SUB>3</SUB> and [PdCl<SUB>2</SUB>(m-pddms)]<SUB>3</SUB> are initially cyclotrimers in chloroform, but they exist as a mixture of cyclodimers and cyclotrimers in solution in the 10-60<SUP>o</SUP>C range. The metallacycles tend to form cyclodimers in the order m-pdps>m-pmps>m-pbms>m-pddms. The equilibrium between cyclodimers and the cyclotrimers is sensitive to solvent, temperature, and concentration as well as molecular structure.
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NFATc4 and ATF3 Negatively Regulate Adiponectin Gene Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Kim, H. B.,Kong, M.,Kim, T. M.,Suh, Y. H.,Kim, W.-H.,Lim, J. H.,Song, J. H.,Jung, M. H. American Diabetes Association 2006 Diabetes Vol.55 No.5
<P>Expression of adiponectin decreases with obesity and insulin resistance. At present, the mechanisms responsible for negatively regulating adiponectin expression in adipocytes are poorly understood. In this investigation, we analyzed the effects of 5' serial deletion constructs on the murine adiponectin promoter. Here, we identified the repressor region located between -472 and -313 bp of the promoter. Removal of the putative nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATs) binding site increased the promoter activity, and overexpression of NFATc4 reduced the promoter activity. Treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187, an activator of NFAT, reduced mRNA as well as promoter activity. The binding of NFATc4 to the promoter was associated with increased recruitment of histone deacetylase 1 and reduced acetylation of histone H3 at the promoter site. In addition, binding of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) to the putative activator protein-1 site located adjacent to the NFAT binding site also repressed the promoter activity. Treatment with thapsigargin, an inducer of ATF3, reduced both mRNA and promoter activity. Importantly, the binding activities of NFATc4 and ATF3, increased significantly in white adipose tissues of ob/ob and db/db mice compared with controls. Taken together, this study demonstrates for the first time that NFATc4 and ATF3 function as negative regulators of adiponectin gene expression, which may play critical roles in downregulating adiponectin expression in obesity and type 2 diabetes.</P>
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Shin, J.,Jung, Y.H.,Cho, D.H.,Park, M.,Lee, K.E.,Yang, Y.,Jeong, C.,Sung, B.H.,Sohn, J.H.,Park, J.B.,Kweon, D.H. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2015 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.79 No.-
Caveolae are membrane-budding structures that exist in many vertebrate cells. One of the important functions of caveolae is to form membrane curvature and endocytic vesicles. Recently, it was shown that caveolae-like structures were formed in Escherichia coli through the expression of caveolin-1. This interesting structure seems to be versatile for a variety of biotechnological applications. Targeting of heterologous proteins in the caveolae-like structure should be the first question to be addressed for this purpose. Here we show that membrane proteins co-expressed with caveolin-1 are embedded into the heterologous caveolae (h-caveolae), the cavaolae-like structures formed inside the cell. Two transmembrane SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins, Syntaxin 1a and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), were displayed on the h-caveolae surface. The size of the h-caveolae harboring the transmembrane proteins was ~100nm in diameter. The proteins were functional and faced outward on the h-caveolae. Multi-spanning transmembrane proteins FtsH and FeoB could be included in the h-caveolae, too. Furthermore, the recombinant E. coli cells were shown to endocytose substrate supplemented in the medium. These results provide a basis for exploiting the h-caveolae formed inside E. coli cells for future biotechnological applications.
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Yun, Y.M.,Cho, S.K.,Jung, K.W.,Kim, M.S.,Shin, H.S.,Kim, D.H. Pergamon Press 2014 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.39 No.33
To improve the sustainability of microalgae as a bioenergy feedstock, lipid-extracted microalgae (LEM) are often further treated by anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the residual chloroform used for extracting lipids as a solvent could inhibit this process, an aspect that has not been studied to date. In this study, the inhibitory effect of chloroform on H<SUB>2</SUB> and CH<SUB>4</SUB> production was investigated by performing batch tests. To prepare the feedstock, Chlorella vulgaris was ultrasonicated and the supernatant was discarded after centrifugation. In case of H<SUB>2</SUB> production, it was found that the H<SUB>2</SUB> yield fell to almost half that of the control (15.6 mL H<SUB>2</SUB>/g COD<SUB>added</SUB>) at 100 mg CHCl<SUB>3</SUB>/L. The reason for the decrease of the H<SUB>2</SUB> yield with the increase of chloroform level was due to the change of metabolites from acetate and butyrate to lactate via a non-hydrogenic reaction. In comparison with H<SUB>2</SUB> production, a much more severe inhibitory effect of chloroform on CH<SUB>4</SUB> production was observed. The inhibitor concentration (IC<SUB>30, 60, and 90</SUB>) on H<SUB>2</SUB> production was 138, 319, and 622 mg CHCl<SUB>3</SUB>/L, respectively, while concentrations of 15, 37, and 86 mg CHCl<SUB>3</SUB>/L were obtained on CH<SUB>4</SUB> production. When the chloroform concentration was ≥25 mg/L on CH<SUB>4</SUB> production, more than 2 g COD/L of organic acids remained, resulting in a decrease of CH<SUB>4</SUB> yield. These findings indicate that the residual chloroform in LEM should be seriously considered to prevent possible microbial inhibition when designing a process for additional energy recovery from microalgae via AD.
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Shin, C. M.,Kim, N.,Chang, H.,Kim, J. S.,Lee, D. H.,Jung, H. C. Plenum Pub. Corp 2016 Digestive diseases and sciences Vol.61 No.4
<P>Changes in CDX1/CDX2 in gastric mucosae following Helicobacter pylori eradication have not been clarified yet. To evaluate the changes in CDX1/CDX2 expression after H. pylori eradication, in relation to the reversibility of intestinal metaplasia (IM). Time course of CDX1/CDX2 expressions was investigated in 176 subjects with various gastroduodenal disorders. Among them, 132 patients were H. pylori positives; H. pylori were eradicated in 107 of them; 13 failed to eradicate; and 12 did not receive H. pylori eradication therapy. Forty-four subjects were H. pylori negatives. Expression levels in CDX1 and CDX2 from noncancerous gastric mucosae of the corpus, as well as the histologic findings of gastric mucosae, were evaluated during the follow-up. Average follow-up duration was 33.7 months (range 2-97 months). Expression levels in both CDX1 and CDX2 mRNAs were correlated with IM grade in the corpus (rho = 0.633 and 0.554, respectively, all P < 0.001). Changes in CDX1/CDX2 mRNA expressions following H. pylori eradication showed only insignificant results; IM grade at the antrum and corpus showed a tendency to decrease after H. pylori eradication without statistical significance (P > 0.05). However, histologic improvement of IM at the corpus was associated with a decrease in CDX2 mRNA expression during the follow-up (linear mixed model, P for slope = 0.015). In this study, eradication of H. pylori did not show any beneficial effects on aberrant CDX1/CDX2 expressions or IM. Reversibility of IM may be associated with a decrease in CDX2 mRNA expression.</P>
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