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sushma singh,Zubair A. Malik,Chandra M. Sharma 국립중앙과학관 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.9 No.3
Himalayan forests are dominated by different species of oaks (Quercus spp.) at different altitudes. These oaks are intimately linked with hill agriculture as they protect soil fertility, watershed, and local biodiversity. They also play an important role in maintaining ecosystem stability. This work was carried out to study the diversity and regeneration status of some oak forests in Garhwal Himalaya, India. A total of 18 tree species belonging to 16 genera and 12 families were reported from the study area. Species richness varied for trees (4–7), saplings (3–10), and seedlings (2–6). Seedling and sapling densities (Ind/ha) varied between 1,376 Ind/ha and 9,600 Ind/ha and 167 Ind/ha and 1,296 Ind/ha, respectively. Species diversity varied from 1.27 to 1.86 (trees), from 0.93 to 3.18 (saplings), and from 0.68 to 2.26 (seedlings). Total basal area (m2/ha) of trees and saplings was 2.2–87.07 m2/ha and 0.20–2.24 m2/ha, respectively, whereas that of seedlings varied from 299 cm2/ha to 8,177 cm2/ha. Maximum tree species (20–80%) had “good” regeneration. Quercus floribunda, the dominant tree species in the study area, showed “poor” regeneration, which is a matter of concern, and therefore, proper management and conservation strategies need to be developed for maintenance and sustainability of this oak species along with other tree species that show poor or no regeneration.
Malik, R.A.,Hussain, A.,Maqbool, A.,Zaman, A.,Song, T.K.,Kim, W.J.,Kim, M.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol.682 No.-
In this study, the mechanism of electric-field-induced phase transition in 0.96[Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>(Na<SUB>0.84</SUB>K<SUB>0.16</SUB>)<SUB>0.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>1-x</SUB>Ta<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>]-0.04SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB>, (where 0.00 @? x @? 0.030, abbreviated as BNKTT-ST) ceramics was discussed based on crystal structure and electromechanical properties. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) showed a phase transition from mixed rhombohedral-tetragonal to single pseudocubic when x ≥ 0.020. Large electromechanical strain of ~0.42% with a dynamic piezoelectric constant (S<SUB>max</SUB>/E<SUB>max</SUB>) of ~700 pm/V at 6 kV/mm was recorded for 2 mol. % Ta content. Interestingly, at lower field of 4 kV/mm, the S<SUB>max</SUB>/E<SUB>max</SUB> attained the highest value of ~830 pm/V. Poled, unpoled XRD analysis and electrical properties suggest that the relatively high S<SUB>max</SUB>/E<SUB>max</SUB> at x = 0.020 may be attributed to the combined effect of composition and ferroelectric (FE) to ergodic relaxor (ER) phase transition. Furthermore, the energy storage density was studied as a function of both composition and temperature to demonstrate the suitability for capacitor applications. This system also revealed improved energy storage properties. Particularly, for x = 0.020, a nearly temperature-invariant large recoverable energy density (W = 0.65 J/cm<SUP>3</SUP>) was achieved over a wide temperature range (75-150 <SUP>o</SUP>C). These properties demonstrate that the fabricated system might be a promising lead-free candidate for actuators and high temperature energy storage capacitor applications.
M. A. Malik,I. Salam,W. Muhammad,N. Ejaz 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.5
In present study, as a basic step for modeling the fatigue behavior of an extruded Al alloy cylinder, the fatigue crack growth data of the alloy was collected in two orientations. Microstructural analysis revealed that the material had recrystallized grains and clusters of constituent particles aligned in the direction of extrusion. Fatigue life of the samples revealed a shorter fatigue life representing a higher fatigue crack growth rate in transverse direction. The Paris constants C and m were found to be 4 x 10-11 and 3.4 for the transverse orientation. The same constants were found to be 2 x 10-10 and 2.6 for the longitudinal direction. Post fracture analysis revealed that the topographical appearance of the fractured surfaces in two orientations was different. The mechanism of crack growth was the formation of striations. The present study revealed that the texture of the constituent particles created during extrusion process has a pronounced effect on the crack growth rate in two orientations.
Patella dislocation: an online systematic video analysis of the mechanism of injury
Dewan V.,Webb M. S. L.,Prakash D.,Malik A.,Gella S.,Kipps C. 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-
Background: The mechanism of injury (MoI) for a patellar dislocation has not been fully established. The aim of this study was to use systematic video analysis to determine the MoI of a patella dislocation. Methods: A systematic search was conducted of three video sharing websites and three popular search engines to identify videos demonstrating a patellar dislocation. Videos were reviewed by three surgeons trained in systematic video analysis, who commented on the position of the lower limb and the situation in which the injury occurred. The results were reviewed to build a consensus of the MoI for each video. Statistical analysis was conducted for interobserver agreement (p < 0.05). Results: Initial search yielded 603 videos with 13 meeting the inclusion criteria. The injuries were sustained performing a sporting activity (n = 9) or whilst dancing (n = 4). The injury was predominantly sustained during a non-contact situation (n = 10). The most common mechanism was an unbalanced individual with a flexed hip sustaining a valgus force to their flexed knee with the tibia externally rotated. Conclusions: This study provides some insight into the MoI for a patellar dislocation and the findings may assist in developing injury prevention programmes and rehabilitation protocols as well as guiding future research.
Ahmed Malik, R.,Hussain, A.,Kwon Song, T.,Kim, W.J.,Ahmed, R.,Soo Sung, Y.,Kim, M.H. Elsevier 2017 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.43 No.suppl1
A new lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1-x) (0.67Bi<SUB>1.05</SUB>FeO<SUB>3</SUB> - 0.33BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB>)-x LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB>, abbreviated as BFBT-LNx (x = 0.00-0.030), were fabricated by conventional mixed oxide route following by quenching process and crystal structure and electromechanical properties were discussed. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> addition into 0.67Bi<SUB>1.05</SUB>FeO<SUB>3</SUB> - 0.33BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> system did not caused any significant change in crystal structure. However, an obvious variation in electrical properties was observed. It is revealed from electrical properties that the modification of LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> induces a phase transition from a ferroelectric to relaxor state in the 0.67Bi<SUB>1.05</SUB>FeO<SUB>3</SUB> - 0.33BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> system. At optimum composition (x = 0.010), enhanced field-induced strain with large dynamic piezoelectric constant S<SUB>max</SUB>/E<SUB>max</SUB> = d<SUP>*</SUP><SUB>33</SUB> = 500pm / V at a relatively low field of 3.5kV / mm with lower hysteresis loss of 40% was recorded. For this composition, a high Curie temperature T<SUB>C</SUB> ~ 390<SUP>o</SUP>C was found. These properties suggests that the synthesized system is promising for high temperature actuator applications.
Mohammed M. Rahman,Sher Bahadar Khan,Hadi M. Marwani,Abdullah M. Asiri,Khalid A. Alamry,Malik Abdul Rub,Anish Khan,Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Naved Azum 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4
In this report, the doped ZnO-CdO nanoblocks (NBs) have been synthesized by facile wet-chemical technique at low-temperature and characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, XPS, XEDS, etc. The NBs were applied for the selective detection of Fe(III) ions and photo-catalytic degradation using Brilliant cresol blue (BCB). The analytical efficiency of NBs phase was also investigated for a selective detection of Fe(III) by ICP-OES. NBs were found to be the most selective toward Fe(III), where adsorption process was mainly monolayer on a homogeneous adsorbent surface. In photo-catalysis, almost 52.3% degradation with BCB dye was observed under solar sources with NBs.