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Donaghy, Ludovic,Hong, Hyun-Ki,Kim, Moonkoo,Park, Heung-Sik,Choi, Kwang-Sik Elsevier 2016 MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN Vol.113 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In December 2007, >150km of the West coast of Korea were heavily polluted by crude oil leaked from the oil tanker <I>Hebei Spirit</I>, leading to mass mortality of bivalve mollusks on the intertidal areas. Two years after, mussels <I>Mytilus galloprovincialis</I> were collected from two impacted sites to investigate sub-lethal effects of the oil spill. Tissue content in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hemocyte parameters, reproductive status and energetic reserves were analyzed. PAHs in tissues of mussels as well as hemocyte parameters were not different between impacted and control sites. Energetic reserves were altered in mussels from the impacted sites. Glycogen content remained low at polluted sites, whatever the season. Two years after the <I>Hebei Spirit</I> oil spill, mussels then presented altered energetic metabolism. Further investigations are thus warranted to monitor the sustainability of mussel populations on the oil spilled West coast of Korea.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fitness of mussels was assessed two years after the <I>Hebei spirit</I> oil spill. </LI> <LI> Hemocyte parameters are similar to control. </LI> <LI> Mussels present altered energetic metabolisms. </LI> <LI> Altered fitness of mussels may threaten the sustainability of the populations. </LI> </UL> </P>
Flow cytometric characterization of hemocytes of the solitary ascidian, <i>Halocynthia roretzi</i>
Donaghy, Ludovic,Hong, Hyun-Ki,Park, Kyung-Il,Nobuhisa, Kajino,Youn, Seok-Hyun,Kang, Chang-Keun,Choi, Kwang-Sik Elsevier 2017 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.66 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Internal defense of ascidians relies, at least partially, on cells circulating in body fluids and infiltrating in tissues, referred to as hemocytes, although structure and composition of ascidian hemocytes still remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated hemocyte types and their functions of the solitary ascidian <I>Halocynthia roretzi</I> using flow cytometry. Based on morphology, cellular activities and intracellular parameters from the flow cytometry, we identified eight hemocyte types including, three granulocytes (Gr-1, Gr-2, and Gr-3), 4 hyalinocytes (Hy-1, Hy-1′, Hy-2, and Hy-3) and lymphocyte-like (Ly-like) cells. The granulocyte Gr-1 accounted for 30% of the total circulating hemocytes and exhibited highest density of lysosomes and oxidative activity. Gr-1 was deeply involved in phagocytosis and degradation of foreign material. Hyalinocytes consist of two main populations, Hy-1 and Hy-2, and each accounted for 30% of the circulating hemocyte. Hy-1 displayed lysosomal content, an inducible oxidative activity, and no proteases, while Hy-2 expressed highest density of intracellular proteases, no lysosomes and a low oxidative activity. It was believed that Hy-2 may represent an important link between cellular and humoral immune reactions. Hy-1 did not show phagocytosis activity. Hy-3 and the Ly-like cells presented a similar profile except for their size and complexity, and Hy-3 may represent an intermediate differentiation/maturation step between Ly-like cells and other hemocyte populations. This first characterization of the hemocyte populations of <I>H. roretzi</I> provides a solid basis to investigate further their respective roles and functions in physiological and pathological contexts.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A few studies have investigated structure and types of ascidian immune cells. </LI> <LI> We characterized hemocytes of the ascidian <I>Halocynthia roretzi</I> using flow cytometry. </LI> <LI> Eight types of hemocytes identified: 3 granulocytes, 4 hyalinocytes and lymphocyte-like cells. </LI> <LI> This study provides a basis to investigate further respective roles and functions of the ascidian hemocytes. </LI> </UL> </P>
박경일,Ludovic Donaghy,강현실,홍현기,김영옥,최광식 한국해양과학기술원 2012 Ocean science journal Vol.47 No.1
Cellular and humoral immune parameters are often used as biomarkers to trace environmental and physiological stresses in marine bivalves. In this study, we compared various immune parameters of Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) under normal conditions and under a high level of desiccation,using flow cytometry. The immune parameters analyzed included, total hemocyte count, hemocyte mortality, hemocyte DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and phagocytosis activity. Total hemocyte count, hemocyte DNA damage, and hemocyte mortality were significantly elevated among clams under high desiccation stress, while phagocytosis activity and spontaneous ROS production were significantly lower compared to those parameters of the control clams (p<0.05). These data suggest that the immune parameters analyzed in this study well reflect the physiological status of clams.
Hong, Hyun-Ki,Donaghy, Ludovic,Choi, Kwang-Sik Elsevier 2019 Aquaculture Vol.506 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The variously colored abalone <I>Haliotis diversicolor</I> is widely distributed in the northwest Pacific region and commonly occurs in shallow subtidal regions of Jeju Island, off the south coast of Korea. In this study, we first characterized the morphology and immune-related activities of <I>H. diversicolor</I> hemocytes using flow cytometry and light microscopy. Flow cytometry revealed three types of hemocytes in the hemolymph: granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and blast-like cells. Hyalinocytes were the largest and most abundant, while granulocytes were intermediate-sized and contained many granules in the cytoplasm. Flow cytometry indicated that granulocytes were mainly involved in phagocytosis and oxidative activities, although hyalinocytes also exhibited a certain level of immune-related activities. Blast-like cells were the smallest and exhibited a lack of phagocytosis and oxidative capacities. To understand the adaptive capacity to air exposure, abalones were exposed to air or humidity over 30 h. All abalones perished within 24 h after dry-air exposure, while 20% of abalones had survived under humid conditions by the end of the experiment. After 6 h of air exposure and 12 h of humidity, total hemocyte counts and phagocytosis capacity declined dramatically, and the level of hemocyte DNA damage increased significantly (<I>P</I> < .05). This study suggests that sufficient oxygen supply during transportation could enhance the survival of <I>H. diversicolor</I>, thereby improving its market value.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We first characterized types of hemocyte in the abalone <I>Haliotis diversicolor</I> using flow cytometry. </LI> <LI> Granulocyte, hyalinocyte, and blast-cell like cell were identified, while the granulocyte were mainly involved in immune response. </LI> <LI> After 6 h of air exposure, the immune capacities of the abalone declined dramatically and DNA damage increased significantly. </LI> </UL> </P>