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Liu Lijing,Jia Ling,Xu Li,Deng Lele,Zhao Ping,Zeng Wanli 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.2
2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGAM), is a key enzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis. iPGAM has been found to be involved in several physiological processes, including stomatal movement, chlorophyll synthesis, pollen production, chloroplast development and photosynthesis in diferent plants. However, the roles iPGAM plays in model plant tobacco are still elusive. In the current study, two copies of the iPGAM gene in Nicotiana tabacum were cloned, NtiPGAMa and NtiPGAMb, from the variety “Honghuadajinyuan”. Expression profles and subcellular localization analyses showed that NtiPGAMa and NtiPGAMb were highly expressed in the anthers and were localized to the nucleus, cytosol and cell membrane. Using the CRISPR/ Cas9 system, three mutant lines with mosaic leaves were obtained by targeting the second exon of the iPGAM gene. Based on Sanger sequencing, the mutant lines were chimeric plants and displayed mutation rates ranging from 82.3% to 92.5%. The iPGAM mutations showed signifcantly decreased photosynthetic pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, thinning or loss of chloroplast thylakoid lamellar structures. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of genes associated with chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis were signifcantly down-regulated in the iPGAM mutant plants compared to wild type. The pollen development was greatly impaired in mutant plants, resulting in reduced and deformed pollens with grains inviable. Our fndings indicate that iPGAM is critical for pollen vitality, chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast morphogenesis in N. tabacum.
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Effects of Bleaching and Dyeing on the Quality of Alpaca Tops and Yarns
Liu, Xin,Wang, Lijing,Wang, Xungai The Korean Fiber Society 2004 Fibers and polymers Vol.5 No.2
This paper reports the effects of bleaching of alpaca tops and dyeing of bleached alpaca tops/yarns on the quality of tops and yarns. A dark brown alpaca top was bleached with hydrogen peroxide. Two bleaching methods were tried for effectiveness of color removal. A portion of each bleached top was dyed after bleaching. Color parameters were examined for unbleached, bleached and bleached/dyed tops, these tops were then converted into yarns of different twist levels and counts using a worsted spinning system. Some of the bleached yarn from each bleaching method was dyed in a package dye vat to compare the difference of top dyeing versus yarn package dyeing on yarn quality. Fiber diameter, yarn strength, yarn evenness, yarn hairiness and fiber degradation were tested to examine the effects of bleaching and dyeing on these properties at top and yarn stages. A processing route for bleaching and dyeing alpaca fiber was recommended.
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STRONG CONVERGENCE OF HYBRID METHOD FOR ASYMPTOTICALLY NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS AND SEMIGROUPS
Liu, Li,Wang, Lijing,Su, Yongfu The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2011 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.29 No.3
In this paper, some strong convergence theorems are obtained for hybrid method for modified Ishikawa iteration process of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings and asymptotically nonexpansive semigroups in Hilbert spaces. The results presented in this article generalize and improve results of Tae-Hwa Kim and Hong-Kun Xu and others. The convergence rate of the iteration process presented in this article is faster than hybrid method of Tae-Hwa Kim and Hong-Kun Xu and others.
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Bin Liu,Wei Fan,Xu Huang,Xudong Shao,Lijing Kang 한국콘크리트학회 2020 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.14 No.4
Detailed finite element (FE) models are often employed to predict the impact responses of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. However, they always require substantial investments of time and effort in modeling and analysis so that they are not widely used in practice, particularly in preliminary designs. Moreover, although some simplified models have been established for beams and slabs under impact loading, few attempts have been made on modeling RC columns. For these reasons, this paper proposes a simplified modeling method to accurately capture the impact-induced response and damage of circular RC columns. In the proposed method, a two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) system was used to describe the interaction between the impactor and the impacted column. The formulas, and procedure to estimate the force-deformation relationship with strain-rate effects were presented according to the section-based analysis. The influence of the unloading stiffness on the residual deformation was addressed, and the method to determine the unloading stiffness of circular columns was proposed. Furthermore, a fiber-based beam-column element modeling method was developed to estimate the force-deformation relationship of the columns with strain-rate effects. The proposed simplified method was demonstrated by the drop-hammer impact tests to be capable of predicting the impact response of RC columns well. Its accuracy in the residual deformation is superior to that of the detailed FE simulation. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the damage characteristics of axially-loaded circular RC columns under various impact scenarios.
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Tingting Liu,Lijing Yang 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2021 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.27 No.4
This qualitative study seeks to contribute to studies on the gender division of labor by examining how Chinese policewomen cope with the still-socialist or danwei style of human resource management. In the post-socialist market reform era, the police department has gone through significant changes, undertaking greater economic monitoring and social service functions, including more office work, with an increasing emphasis on the harmonious relationship between the police and public or service-oriented work. These changes have led to a larger number of policewomen, but have not led to a more equitable division of labor due to the persistence of familial norms of womanhood and the enduring police service performance evaluation system that prioritizes crime-fighting tasks over public-service duties. Against this backdrop, we find that policewomen display a certain degree of flexibility, utilizing certain feminine traits in their community service work while maintaining a non-feminine and physically robust outlook.
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