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WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF THE RHINE RIVER FROM THE VIEW OF THE WATERWORKS
Lindner, Klaus 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.2
ABSTRACT The Rhine is the recipient of treated sewage of some 50 million people and industry. At the same time 20 million people rely on the Rhine with their drinking water supply. Governmental agencies of 9 nations riparian to the Rhine and its tributaries are responsible for the water quality management. The deterioration of the Rhine up to the 1980s reflected the increasing need for international cooperation in water resources and quality management. International associations were founded and European law is good for unique regulations. Emissions into the Rhine have to meet uniform standards according to the best available techniques. Improvements in chemical analysis and scientific research in hazardous effects of chemicals made regulations adapt almost continuously tougher standards. Thus the water quality of the Rhine improved a lot within the last two decades. Nevertheless the wanted intromission standards defined by the waterworks are not yet met concerning: smell, electrical conductivity, Chloride, adsorbable organic halogen compounds, adsorbable organic sulfur compounds, pesticides and badly degradable synthetic complexbuilder. Official quality targets are additionally defined for river sediments, fish and aquatic symbiosis. For the sake of their protection partially more stringent standards are needed than for drinking water supply. Waterworks research on new analytical methods in order to gain knowledge about yet unknown micropollutants that are harmful for drinking water.
Lindner, F H,McCary, E,Jiao, X,Ostermayr, T M,Roycroft, R,Tiwari, G,Hegelich, B M,Schreiber, J,Thirolf, P G IOP 2019 Plasma physics and controlled fusion Vol.61 No.5
<P>The fission–fusion reaction mechanism was proposed in order to generate extremely neutron-rich nuclei close to the waiting point <I>N</I>?=?126 of the rapid neutron capture nucleosynthesis process (<I>r</I>-process). The production of such isotopes and the measurement of their nuclear properties would fundamentally help to increase the understanding of the nucleosynthesis of the heaviest elements in the Universe. Major prerequisite for the realization of this new reaction scheme is the development of laser-based acceleration of ultra-dense heavy ion bunches in the mass range of <I>A</I> ≈ 200 and above. In this paper, we review the status of laser-driven heavy ion acceleration in the light of the fission–fusion reaction mechanism. We present results from our latest experiment on heavy ion acceleration, including a new milestone with laser-accelerated heavy ion energies exceeding 5 MeV u<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P>
MODELING BANK FILTRATION AND RESEARCH ON DRINKING WATER RELEVANT SUBSTANCES
Lindner, Klaus 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.2
ABSTRACT Bank filtration has been used for more than 100 years along the river Rhine to cover the demand for drinking water supply. It was experienced that bank filtration gains safety against peak pollution in the river that might occur due to accidents. Modeling bank filtration approves this experience and explains why only 5% of the peak concentration of a pollutant in the river arrives in a well on the bank of the Rhine.The Rhine is the Recipient of Treated sewage of some 50 million people and industry. Therefore the river water contains and unknown mixture of substances. Waterworks and industry cooperate in the research on drinking water relevant substances in waste water that is discharged into the river. The sim is to come up with a test filter that gives information about the biodegradability of the substances in adsorbable on activated carbon. Substances that are not adsorbable are likely to pass all treatment steps in the waterworks. They should not enter the water cycle in order to prevent them form getting into drinking water.
Positioning of the Robotic Arm Using Different Reinforcement Learning Algorithms
Tymoteusz Lindner,Andrzej Milecki,Daniel Wyrwał 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.4
Robots are programmed using either the on-line mode, in which the robot programmer manually controlsthe movement of the robot indicating individual trajectory points or the off mode, in which the programmer entersthe program code with predefined trajectory points. Both methods are not easy to be successfully implemented inpractice, which is why the research on the development of self-learning methods can be useful. In this paper, for therobot’s positioning task, the four Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms in six combinations are investigated. Atfirst, the basics of these algorithms are described. Then they are used in positioning control of the robot’s arm model and the evaluation of positioning accuracy, motion trajectory, and the number of steps required to achieve the goal is taken into account. The simulation results are recorded. The same tests were repeated in laboratory conditions, in which the Mitsubishi robot was controlled. The simulation results are compared with results obtained in reality. Positive results that have been obtained indicate, that the RL algorithms can be successfully applied for the learning of positioning control of a robot arm.
Thomas Suslow,Christian Lindner,Udo Dannlowski,Jochen Bauer,Patricia Ohrmann,Rebekka Lencer,Pienie Zwitserlood,Harald Kugel 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.1
ObjectiveaaEarly neuroimaging studies have demonstrated amygdala hypoactivation in schizophrenia but more recent research based on paradigms with minimal cognitive loads or examining automatic processing has observed amygdala hyperactivation. Hyperactivation was found to be related to affective flattening. In this study, amygdala responsivity to threat-related facial expression was investigated in patients as a function of automatic versus controlled processing and patients’ flat affect. MethodsaaFunctional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure amygdala activation in 36 patients with schizophrenia and 42 healthy controls. During scanning, a viewing task with masked and unmasked fearful and neutral faces was presented. ResultsaaPatients exhibited increased amygdala response to unmasked fearful faces. With respect to masked fearful faces, no between-group differences emerged for the sample as a whole but a subsample of patients with flat affect showed heightened amygdala activation. The amygdala response to masked fearful faces was positively correlated with the degree of flat affect. Conversely, amygdala response to unmasked fearful faces was negatively correlated to the severity of affective flattening. In patients, amygdala responses to masked and unmasked fearful faces showed an inverse correlation. ConclusionaaOur findings suggest that amygdala hyperresponsivity to unmasked fearful faces might be a functional characteristic of schizophrenia. Amygdala hyperresponsivity to masked fearful faces might be a specific characteristic of patients with affective flattening. A model of flat affect as a response mechanism to emotional overload is proposed.
Who does not Find Metaphors Funny? Humor Preferences in Geriatric Patients
Maria Kmita,Karolina Lindner-Pawłowicz,Agnieszka Libura 한국언어청각임상학회 2022 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.27 No.2
Objectives: Humor plays an important role throughout life, including old age. However, appreciating and understanding humor may be hindered due to dementia and late-life depression, two common old age-related diseases. Still little is known about humor preferences among the elderly diagnosed with dementia, depression or both disorders. This study aims to explore humor preferences in elderly participants with those disorders and their influence on the perceived funniness of more and less cognitively challenging verbal jokes. Methods: A total of 36 elderly participants and 39 students (representing a control group) rated 20 humorous and 20 non-humorous examples. To test the differences in the funniness rating between the elderly participants and the control group, both Welch’s t-test and U Mann-Whitney test were used, accompanied with bootstrapped confidence intervals. Results: The study reveals that the elderly participants found both humorous and non-humorous examples funnier than the control group. Elderly participants rated two types higher than the control group: the visual error-based jokes and non-visual metaphor-based jokes. The patients with a single disorder (cognitive disorder or depression) rated the funniness of the examples highest. Out of all participants with a single disorder, those with cognitive disorder rated the examples slightly higher than those with depression. Conclusion: Elderly participants are able to enjoy simple and familiar humor. While the perceived funniness of those with a single disorder may be a result of them using humor as a coping mechanism, such a mechanism no longer works in the case of coexisting dementia and depression.
Nathan Lawrentschuk,Uri Lindner,Laurence Klotz 대한비뇨의학회 2011 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.52 No.2
Purpose: Understanding of prostate anatomy has evolved as techniques have been refined and improved for radical prostatectomy (RP), particularly regarding the importance of the neurovascular bundles for erectile function. The objectives of this study were to develop inexpensive and simple but anatomically accurate prostate models not involving human or animal elements to teach the terminology and practical aspects of nerve-sparing RP and simple prostatectomy (SP). Materials and Methods: The RP model used a Foley catheter with ballistics gelatin in the balloon and mesh fabric (neurovascular bundles) and balloons (prostatic fascial layers) on either side for the practice of inter- and intrafascial techniques. The SP model required only a ripe clementine, for which the skin represented compressed normal prostate, the pulp represented benign tissue, and the pith mimicked fibrous adhesions. A modification with a balloon through the fruit center acted as a “urethra.”Results: Both models were easily created and successfully represented the principles of anatomical nerve-sparing RP and SP. Both models were tested in workshops by urologists and residents of differing levels with positive feedback. Conclusions: Low-fidelity models for prostate anatomy demonstration and surgical practice are feasible. They are inexpensive and simple to construct. Importantly, these models can be used for education on the practical aspects of nerve-sparing RP and SP. The models will require further validation as educational and competency tools, but as we move to an era in which human donors and animal experiments become less ethical and more difficult to complete, so too will low-fidelity models become more attractive.