Reports : IGF1 potentiates BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells through the enhancement of BMP/Smad signaling

( Liang Chen ),( Xiang Zou ),( Ran-xi Zhang ),( Chang-jun Pi ),( Nian Wu ),( Liang-jun Yin ),( Zhong-liang Deng ) 생화학분자생물학회 2016 BMB Reports Vol.49 No.2

Engineered bone tissue is thought to be the ideal alternative for bone grafts in the treatment of related bone diseases. BMP9 has been demonstrated as one of the most osteogenic factors, and enhancement of BMP9-induced osteogenesis will greatly accelerate the development of bone tissue engineering. Here, we investigated the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation, and unveiled a possible molecular mechanism underling this process. We found that IGF1 and BMP9 are both detectable in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Exogenous expression of IGF1 potentiates BMP9-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP), matrix mineralization, and ectopic bone formation. Similarly, IGF1 enhances BMP9-induced endochondral ossification. Mechanistically, we found that IGF1 increases BMP9-induced activation of BMP/Smad signaling in MSCs. Our findings demonstrate that IGF1 can enhance BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in MSCs, and that this effect may be mediated by the enhancement of the BMP/Smad signaling transduction triggered by BMP9. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(2): 122-127]

PEG-mediated transduction of rAAV as a platform for spatially confined and efficient gene delivery

Liang Zou,Jinfen Wang,Ying Fang,Huihui Tian 한국생체재료학회 2022 생체재료학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Background: Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) are commonly used vectors for gene delivery in both basic neuroscience and clinical applications due to their nonpathogenic, minimally immunogenic, and sustained expression properties. However, several challenges remain for the wide-scale rAAV applications, including poor infection of many clinically important cell lines, insufficient expression at low titers, and diffusive transduction in vivo. Methods: In this work, PEG, which is a safe and non-toxic polymer of ethylene oxide monomer, was applied as an auxiliary transduction agent to improve the expression of rAAV. In detail, a small dose of PEG was added into the rAAV solution for the transgene expression in cell lines in vitro, and in the central nervous system (CNS) in vivo. The biocompatibility of PEG enhancer was assessed by characterizing the immune responses, cell morphology, cell tropism of rAAV, neuronal apoptosis, as well as motor function of animals. Results: The results show that small dose of PEG additive can effectively improve the gene expression characteristics of rAAV both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the PEG additive allows efficient transgene expression in cell lines that are difficult to be transfected with rAAV alone. In vivo studies show that the PEG additive can promote a spatially confined and efficient transgene expression of low-titer rAAV in the brain over long terms. In addition, no obvious side effects of PEG were observed on CNS in the biocompatibility studies. Conclusions: This spatially confined and efficient transduction method can facilitate the applications of rAAV in fundamental research, especially in the precise dissection of neural circuits, and also improve the capabilities of rAAV in the treatment of neurological diseases which originate from the disorders of small nuclei in the brain.

The Roles of the SNARE Protein Sed5 in Autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Zou, Shenshen,Sun, Dan,Liang, Yongheng Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.9

Autophagy is a degradation pathway in eukaryotic cells in which aging proteins and organelles are sequestered into double-membrane vesicles, termed autophagosomes, which fuse with vacuoles to hydrolyze cargo. The key step in autophagy is the formation of autophagosomes, which requires different kinds of vesicles, including COPII vesicles and Atg9-containing vesicles, to transport lipid double-membranes to the phagophore assembly site (PAS). In yeast, the cis-Golgi localized t-SNARE protein Sed5 plays a role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi and intra-Golgi vesicular transport. We report that during autophagy, sed5-1 mutant cells could not properly transport Atg8 to the PAS, resulting in multiple Atg8 dots being dispersed into the cytoplasm. Some dots were trapped in the Golgi apparatus. Sed5 regulates the anterograde trafficking of Atg9-containing vesicles to the PAS by participating in the localization of Atg23 and Atg27 to the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of SFT1 or SFT2 (suppressor of sed5 ts) rescued the autophagy defects in sed5-1 mutant cells. Our data suggest that Sed5 plays a novel role in autophagy, by regulating the formation of Atg9-containing vesicles in the Golgi apparatus, and the genetic interaction between Sft1/2 and Sed5 is essential for autophagy.

Wind tunnel tests of 3D wind loads on tall buildings based on torsional motion-induced vibrations

Zou, Lianghao,Xu, Guoji,Cai, C.S.,Liang, Shuguo Techno-Press 2016 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.23 No.3

This paper presents the experimental results of the wind tunnel tests for three symmetric, rectangular, tall building models on a typical open terrain considering the torsional motion-induced vibrations. The time histories of the wind pressure on these models under different reduced wind speeds and torsional amplitudes are obtained through the multiple point synchronous scanning pressure technique. Thereafter, the characteristics of both the Root Mean Square (RMS) coefficients and the spectra of the base shear/torque in the along-wind, across-wind, and torsional directions, respectively, are discussed. The results show that the RMS coefficients of the base shear/torque vary in the three directions with both the reduced wind speeds and the torsional vibration amplitudes. The variation of the RMS coefficients in the along-wind direction results mainly from the change of the aerodynamic forces, but sometimes from aeroelastic effects induced by torsional vibration. However, the variations of the RMS coefficients in the across-wind and torsional directions are caused by more equal weights of both the aerodynamic forces and the aeroelastic effects. As such, for the typical tall buildings, the modification of the aerodynamic forces in the along-wind, across-wind, and torsional directions, respectively, and the aeroelastic effects in the across-wind and torsional directions should be considered. It is identified that the torsional vibration amplitudes and the reduced wind speeds are two significant parameters for the aerodynamic forces on the structures in the three directions.

Investigation of 3-D dynamic wind loads on lattice towers

Zou, Lianghao,Liang, Shuguo,Li, Q.S.,Zhao, Lin,Ge, Yaojun Techno-Press 2008 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.11 No.4

In this paper, the along-wind, across-wind as well as torsional dynamic wind loads on three kinds of lattice tower models are investigated using the base balance technique in a boundary layer wind tunnel. The models were specially designed, and their fundamental frequencies in the directions of the three principal axes are still in the frequency range of the spectra of wind loads on lattice towers. In order to clear contaminations to the spectra of wind loads induced by model resonance, the generalized force spectra of the first mode of the models in along-wind, across-wind and torsional directions were derived based on measured base moments of the models. The RMS generalized force coefficients are also obtained by removing the contributions of model resonance. Finally, the characteristics of the 3-D dynamic wind loads, especially those of the across-wind dynamic loads, on the three kinds of lattice towers are presented and discussed.

Analysis of three dimensional equivalent static wind loads of symmetric high-rise buildings based on wind tunnel tests

Liang, Shuguo,Zou, Lianghao,Wang, Dahai,Huang, Guoqing Techno-Press 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.5

Using synchronous surface pressures from the wind tunnel test, the three dimensional wind load models of high-rise buildings are established. Furthermore, the internal force responses of symmetric high-rise buildings in along-wind, across-wind and torsional directions are evaluated based on mode acceleration method, which expresses the restoring force as the summation of quasi-static force and inertia force components. Accordingly the calculation methods of equivalent static wind loads, in which the contributions of the higher modes can be considered, of symmetric high-rise buildings in along-wind, across-wind and torsional directions are deduced based on internal forces equivalence. Finally the equivalent static wind loads of an actual symmetric high-rise building are obtained by this method, and compared with the along-wind equivalent static wind loads obtained by China National Standard.

Simplified formulas for evaluation of across-wind dynamic responses of rectangular tall buildings

Liang, Shuguo,Li, Q.S.,Zou, Lianghao,Wu, J.R. Techno-Press 2005 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.8 No.3

Tall buildings under wind action usually oscillate simultaneously in the along-wind and across-wind directions as well as in torsional modes. While several procedures have been developed for predicting wind-induced loads and responses in along-wind direction, accurate analytical methods for estimating across-wind and torsional response have not been possible yet. Simplified empirical formulas for estimation of the across-wind dynamic responses of rectangular tall buildings are presented in this paper. Unlike established empirical formulas in codifications, the formulas proposed in this paper are developed based on simultaneous pressure measurements from a series of tall building models with various side and aspect ratios in a boundary layer wind tunnel. Comparisons of the across-wind responses determined by the proposed formulas and the results obtained from the wind tunnel tests as well as those estimated by two well-known wind loading codes are made to examine the applicability and accuracy of the proposed simplified formulas. It is shown through the comparisons that the proposed simplified formulas can be served as an alternative and useful tool for the design and analysis of wind effects on rectangular tall buildings.

Characterization of the fluoridating process of hydroxyapatite

Xiao-liang Guo,Qun-li Rao,Ling-ling Li,Yajuan Zou,Chengchei Wu 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.8

F-substituted hydroxyapatites were synthesized by chemical precipitation method using Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O and KH2PO4 asreactants and KF·2H2O as fluorination agent. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) andX-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) were used to characterize samples. The results showed that the more fluorine wasadded the more OH ions replaced by F. Moreover, OH-F bond was formed between crystalline, and the bond was strongerthan that of original OH-OH, so the grains of hydroxyapatite grew larger and the crystallinity increased as F content increased.

Metal-organic framework-based photodynamic combined immunotherapy against the distant development of triple-negative breast cancer

Xiaoyan Liang,Min Mu,Bo Chen,Rangrang Fan,Haifeng Chen,Bingwen Zou,Bo Han,Gang Guo 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive, metastatic and apparently drug-resistant subtype of breast cancer with a higher immune response compared to other types of breast cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been gaining popularity for its non-invasive nature, minimal side effects, and spatiotemporally controlled benifits. The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) loaded with programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors (iPD-L1) offers the possibility of combining PDT with immunotherapy. Method Here, we construct PCN-224, a MOFs with good biocompatibility and biodegradability for the delivery of the PD-L1 small molecule inhibitor BMS-202 to achieve a synergistic anti-tumor strategy of PDT and immunotherapy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) modified PEG (HA-PEG) was synthesized for the outer layer modification of the nanocomplex, which prolongs its systemic circulation time. Results In vitro cellular experiments show that the nanocomplexes irradiated by 660 nm laser has a strong ability to produce singlet oxygen, which effectively induce PDT. PDT with strong immunogenicity leads to tumor necrosis and apoptosis, and induces immunogenic cell death, which causes tumor cells to release danger associated molecular patterns. In combination with iPD-L1, the combination therapy stimulates dendritic cell maturation, promotes T-cell activation and intratumoral infiltration, and reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment to achieve tumor growth inhibition and anti-distant tumor progression. Conclusions MOFs-based nano-systems as a platform for combination therapy offer a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of TNBC with high metastatic rates.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Rhizoctonia solani-resistant and -Susceptible Rice Cultivars Reveals the Importance of Pathogen Recognition and Active Immune Responses in Host Resistance

Guo-Liang Wang,Shaohong Qu,Zhengjie Yuan,Yu Zhang,Guojuan Xu,Dongling Bi,Haiyan Qu,Xiaowei Zou,Xiaoqing Gao,Haihe Yang,Haiyan He,Xuli Wang,Jiandong Bao,Shimin Zuo,Xuebiao Pan,Bo Zhou 한국식물학회 2018 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.61 No.3

Rice sheath blight (SB), caused by Rhizoctoniasolani (R. solani), is a major threat to rice productionworldwide. The molecular mechanisms of the SB resistancein rice are poorly understood. The transcriptomes of the SBresistantrice cultivar YSBR1 and the susceptible cultivarLemont were analyzed after R. solani infection. A total of7624 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identifiedat one or more timepoints in a cultivar. 5526 and 5618 DEGswere differentially expressed in Lemont and YSBR1,respectively. YSBR1 exhibited stronger and earlier transcriptionalresponse to R. solani than Lemont. Gene ontology enrichmentanalysis revealed that genes that encode cell wall-modifyingand glycosyl-degrading enzymes or anti-microbial proteinswere specifically induced in YSBR1 at 6 hpi. MapMananalysis revealed that more DEGs related with cell wall, β-glucanses, respiratory burst, phenylpropanoids and ligninwere highly induced by R. solani in YSBR1 than in Lemont. The results also showed that receptor-like kinases and jasmonicacid signaling may play important roles in host resistance toR. solani. This study highlights potential candidate genes andsignaling pathways involved in rice sheath resistance and canhelp to further clarify the mechanistic events underlyingresistance and susceptibility to R. solani.