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Indoor Spatial Awareness Project and Indoor Spatial Data Model
Li, Ki-Joune Korea Spatial Information Society 2008 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.16 No.4
With the rapid progress of location based services, GIS, and ubiquitous computing technologies, the space that we are dealing with is no longer limited to outdoor space but being extended to indoor space. Indoor space has some differences from outdoor space, therefore to provide integrated spaces and seamless services, it is required to establish new theories, data models, and systems. For this reason, ambitious project has been launched last year to establish a theoretical background, develop a core technologies and systems, and provide services of indoor spatial awareness. In this paper, we present an overall sketch on the project and major research topics. First, we present the ISA (indoor spatial awareness) project with its goal and research topics. Second, a simplified 3D spatial model, called prism model, is proposed as a basic data types and operators of indoor spatial DBMS. Third, a indoor feature data model, developed T. Kolbe et al. who is a member of this project team, is introduced in this paper. This model provides a basis for the integration of different spaces.
IndoorGML을 활용한 실내공간 멀티미디어 위치 인코딩 방법
이기준,Li, Ki Joune 대한공간정보학회 2013 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.21 No.4
Most multimedia contains location information whether they are implicit or explicitly, and which are very useful for several purposes. In particular, we may use location information in defining query conditions to retrieve relevant multimedia. For this reason, a number of works have been done to organize and retrieve geo-referenced multimedia data. However, they mostly focus on outdoor space where position is identified by (x, y, z) coordinates. In this paper, we focus on multimedia in an alternative space, indoor space, which differs from outdoor space in several aspects. First indoor space is considered as symbolic space, where location is identified by a symbolic code such as room number rather than coordinates. Second, topological information is a crucial element in providing indoor spatial information services. Third, indoor space is in more micro-scale than outdoor space, which influences on determining the visibility of cameras. Based on these different characteristics of indoor space, we survey the requirements of management systems of indoor geo-referenced multimedia. Then we propose a geo-coding scheme for multimedia in indoor space as an extension of IndoorGML, an OGC(Open Geospatial Consortium) candidate standard for indoor spatial information. We also present a prototype system called, IngC (INdoor Geo-Coding) developed to store and manage indoor geo-referenced multimedia.
실내공간의 COVID-19 감염전파 분석 모의 실험도구 제시
이기준(Li, Ki Joune),아싼카노프 아르만(Assankhanov Arman) 대한공간정보학회 2021 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.29 No.4
COVID-19의 전파력은 실외보다 실내에서 더욱 심각한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 실내 구조에 따라 COVID-19의 전파속도는 매우 다르게 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 주어진 실내지도를 이용하여 COVID-19 전파력을 분석하는 모의실험 도구인 InCOVID를 제시한다. 이 도구는 크게 두 가지 기능을 수행한다. 첫 번째로 주어진 실내공간지도로부터 분석에 필요한 요소를 추출하고, 이를 이용하여 가상의 실내 이동궤적을 생성한다. 이를 위하여 실내공간정보 표준인 IndoorGML를 이용하였고, 오픈소스로 제공되는 실내공간객체 이동궤적 생성기인 SIMOGEN를 수정하여 현실적인 궤적 생성을 한다. 두 번째로 주어진 실내지도과 생성된 이동객체 궤적을 이용하여 비말에 의한 감염모델을 적용하여 전염 모의실험을 수행한다. 본 연구에서 개발된 도구의 유용성을 검증하기 위하여 개발된 도구를 두 개의 실제 건물에 적용하여 모의실험을 수행하였다. 본 도구는 실내지도를 활용한 COVID-19 감염분석을 위한 초기 연구결과이지만 이를 적용하면 주어진 실내공간의 감염전파 분석을 효과적으로 할 수 있으며, 추가의 감염모델을 적용하면 더욱 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. It is reported that the transmissability of COVID-19 is higher in indoor space rather than outdoor. Its transmissability in indoor space may be affected by the structures of indoor space. In this paper, we present a tool for simulating the transmissability of COVID-19 for a given indoor space, called InCOVID. It consists of two parts. First we extract necessary data for COVID-19 transmissability analysis from indoor maps in OGC IndoorGML, which is a standard for indoor maps. And we applied ad modified SIMOGEN, which is an open source software for generating synthetic trajectories of the given indoor space. Second, we apply a droplet infection model with given indoor map and generated trajectories. Experiments were conducted for two real buildings to apply our tool for COVID-19 infection analysis. This tool is a first work to analyze COVID-19 infection in indoor space and expected to be used as an infection analysis method in indoor space.
이기준,이지영,Li, Ki Joune,Lee, Ji Yeong 대한공간정보학회 2013 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.21 No.3
Indoor space is a new horizon of spatial information services. With recent progress of indoor positioning technologies and mobile devices such as smart phones, indoor spatial information services become available and an emerging market. Accordingly, exchanging and sharing indoor spatial information between independent services become an important issue. For this reason, a standardization working group, called IndoorGML has been launched last year in OGC with the aim of publishing IndoorGML standard by September, 2013. Its primary goal is to provide a framework for representing network topology in indoor space, which is a fundamental element of indoor LBS. In this paper, we will explain the basic concepts of indoorGML and discuss the modeling issues. And several application use-cases of IndoorGML will be also presented in this paper.
Simplification of geometric objects in an indoor space
Kim, Joon-Seok,Li, Ki-Joune Elsevier 2019 ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing Vol.147 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The interior of a building may be more complicated than its exterior because such an indoor space comprises a number of three-dimensional (3D) non-overlapping regions called cells (e.g. rooms). Owing to the complexity of 3D geometry, applications with 3D data (e.g. indoor navigation) require an adequate level of detail (LoD) to achieve their purpose. To supply the 3D data demanded by clients, a customised simplification that considers LoDs in an indoor space is required. Most research studies on the simplification of 3D objects, however, have focused on general 3D objects or the exterior of buildings. Applying such approaches to indoor space objects is inefficient and may cause loss of important information because cells in an indoor space have distinctive characteristics compared to general 3D objects. For instance, a conventional room is surrounded by vertically aligned walls and a horizontally aligned ceiling and floor. For this reason, we propose a dedicated simplification method of 3D geometric objects in an indoor space. Our method takes full advantage of the prism model, which is an alternative 3D geometric model that supports prismatic shapes motivated by traits of indoor spaces. Additionally, an approach for dealing with potential topological inconsistencies during simplification is presented in this paper. An empirical analysis of the efficiency of the proposed simplification is conducted to validate our work.</P>
실내 네트워크와 은닉 마르코프 모델을 이용한 경로기반 실내 맵 매칭 연구
김태훈(TaeHoon Kim),이기준(Ki-Joune Li) 대한공간정보학회 2014 한국지형공간정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.11
맵 매칭은 실세계에서 측위 된 사용자의 위치와 디지털 맵 위의 네트워크를 연결시키는 과정으로 현재는 주로 자동차의 gps위치를 도로 네트워크에 연결시킬 때 사용된다. 이러한 맵 매칭은 도로 네트워크 쪽에서는 많이 연구가 되었지만 실내 네트워크 쪽에서는 아직 연구가 진척되지 않은 상황이다. 하지만 앞으로 실내 측위가 일반화 된다면 실내 맵 매칭 또한 도로 맵 매칭만큼 필요할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 실내 네트워크와 은닉 마르코프 모델을 사용하여 경로기반의 실내 맵 매칭을 하는 방법을 제시하면서 모델에 영향을 주는 변수 값의 변화에 대한 성능 평가를 하였다.
도로네트워크 기반 이동 객체들 간의 배타적 최근접 쌍 모니터링 방법
이기준,권오제,백윤선,Li, Ki-Joune,Kwon, O-Je,Baek, Yun-Sun 대한공간정보학회 2009 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.17 No.2
배타적 최근접 쌍 검색 방법은 가까이 있는 승객과 택시 간에 쌍을 맺어주는 것과 같은 실 생활 응용 분야에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있으나, 그 중요성에 비해 많은 연구가 진행되지 않았다. 두 이동 객체가 배타적으로 최근접 쌍이 되기 위해서는 객체는 반드시 하나의 결과 쌍에 속해야 한다. 하지만, 이동 객체는 위치가 빈번하게 변하기 때문에 초기의 배타적 최근접 쌍 결과를 모니터링 해 줄 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 도로 네트워크를 기반으로 k 개의 배타적 최근접 쌍을 구하고 그 결과를 모니터링 하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 모든 객체에 대해 배타적 최근접 쌍 검색을 재수행하지 않고, 결과가 갱신되는 범위를 제한하여 부분적인 재수행을 함으로써 모니터링 수행 시간을 줄였다. 다양한 실제 도로 네트워크를 이용한 실험들을 통해 본 논문에서 제안하는 모니터링 방법의 성능을 측정하였다. 실험 결과는 본 논문에서 제안하는 모니터링 방법의 정확도가 일반적인 일괄처리 방법들에 비해 뛰어남을 보인다.
Analysis of Outlier Effects on Spatial Indices
Si-Wan Kim,김경숙,Ki-Joune Li 대한공간정보학회 2004 Spatial Information Research Vol.12 No.4
Outliers in spatial databases influence on the performance of spatial indexing methods including R-tree. They enlarge the size and overlapping area of MBRs in R-tree which are important factors in determining the performance. In this paper, we give an analysis of outlier effects on R-tree by analytical and experimental work, and propose a method for properly handling outliers. Our experimental results show that our method improves about 15 percents of the performance.