Seasonal carbon uptake rates of phytoplankton in the northern East/Japan Sea

Lee, S.H.,Joo, H.,Lee, J.H.,Lee, J.H.,Kang, J.J.,Lee, H.W.,Lee, D.,Kang, C.K. Pergamon Press 2017 Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oce Vol.143 No.-

Korea-Russia joint expeditions have been conducted mainly in the less studied Russian sector of the East/Japan Sea to understand the physical and ecological structures. In this study, the carbon uptake rates of phytoplankton measured in 2012 (middle-late October) and 2015 (middle April-early May) were analyzed to understand seasonal and spatial distributions of phytoplankton production, using a <SUP>13</SUP>C-<SUP>15</SUP>N dual isotope tracer technique. The water columns in the euphotic layers were well mixed during our cruise periods in both years. The water column-integrated chl-a concentrations (mean +/- S.D. = 2.28 +/- 1.47mgm<SUP>-3</SUP>) in 2015 was significantly higher (t-test, p < 0.01) than in 2012 (mean +/- S.D. = 0.49 +/- 0.29mgm<SUP>-3</SUP>) because of different sampling seasons. Small phytoplankton (< 2 μm) were relatively dominant in 2012, whereas different sizes of phytoplankton were evenly distributed in 2015 although a spatial distribution of large phytoplankton (> 20 μm) was observed near the Russian coast. The daily carbon uptake rates in this study were 180.5 and 441.6mgC m<SUP>-2</SUP> d<SUP>-1</SUP> in 2012 and 2015, respectively which are significantly (t-test, p < 0.01) lower than the averaged values previously reported in the East/Japan Sea (863 +/- 679.6mgC m<SUP>-2</SUP> d<SUP>-1</SUP>). The potential reasons for the lower rate in this study are discussed. The small phytoplankton contribution (47.4%) averaged from the two different cruises in this study is consistent with the result (47%) reported in temperate regions. Moreover, a significantly (t-test, p < 0.01) lower contribution of small phytoplankton in total primary production than total phytoplankton biomass in this study is consistent with the results from other regions. Lower total primary production might be expected due to increasing contribution of small phytoplankton under warmer conditions.

<i>Bacillus</i>‐derived poly‐γ‐glutamic acid attenuates allergic airway inflammation through a Toll‐like receptor‐4‐dependent pathway in a murine model of asthma

Lee, K.,Kim, S.‐,H.,Yoon, H. J.,Paik, D. J.,Kim, J. M.,Youn, J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Clinical and experimental allergy Vol.41 No.8

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>Background </B> Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways that is mediated by Th2 responses. Poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) is an extracellular polymeric compound that is synthesized by <I>Bacillus</I> cells. Previously, we found that γ‐PGA promoted Th1 cell development in a manner dependent on antigen‐presenting cells, but inhibited Th2 cell development.</P><P><B>Objective </B> To investigate the effect of γ‐PGA on dendritic cells (DCs), and its potential for treating Th2‐mediated allergic asthma.</P><P><B>Methods </B> Wild‐type, Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐2 deficient, and TLR‐4‐defective mice were used. DCs derived from the bone marrow and extracted from the lung were stimulated with γ‐PGA and assayed for the expression of signalling molecules, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines. Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma. They were repeatedly injected intranasally with γ‐PGA before and during the challenge period, and inflammation and structural remodelling of the airways were examined.</P><P><B>Results </B> γ‐PGA selectively signalled conventional DCs to activate NF‐κB and mitogen‐activated protein kinase, leading to the up‐regulation of CD86, CD40, and IL‐12, but not IL‐10 and IL‐6. These effects of γ‐PGA were dependent on TLR‐4 and independent of TLR‐2. Importantly, the intranasal administration of γ‐PGA to OVA‐sensitized/challenged mice reduced the airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic inflammation such as leucocyte influx, goblet cell hyperplasia, eosinophilia, and Th2 cytokine production. In addition to lowered IgE titres, the treatment of mice with γ‐PGA significantly reduced the multiplication and Th2 polarization of mediastinal lymph node T cells upon allergen‐specific restimulation. These anti‐asthmatic effects of γ‐PGA were also abolished in TLR‐4‐defective mice.</P><P><B>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance </B> Our data indicate that γ‐PGA activates DCs to favour Th1 cell induction through a TLR‐4‐dependent pathway and alleviates pathologic symptoms in a Th2‐biased asthmatic model. These findings highlight the potential of γ‐PGA for the treatment of asthma and other allergic disease in which Th2 polarization plays an important role.</P><P> <I>Cite this as</I>: K. Lee, S.‐H. Kim, H. J. Yoon, D. J. Paik, J. M. Kim and J. Youn, <I>Clinical & Experimental Allergy</I>, 2011 (41) 1143–1156.</P>

수송시간이 돼지의 혈액성상과 육질에 미치는 영향

이제룡,서종태,허태영,정재두,하영주,이진우,이정일,이중동 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.5

In a trial involving 120 pigs, the effects of transport time on blood profile and meat quality in pigs were investigated. One group of 60 animals was subjected to 20min and the others to 2 h transport time, and held in lairage for 1 h 30min. There was not significantly different in the carcass weight, backfat thickness and carcass grade between groups. Cortisol and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) concentrations were significantly(P<0.05) higher in the group transported for 2 h compared with the group transported for 20min. There was not significantly different(P>0.05) in meat quality(?_(1), ?_(u), drip loss, cooking loss, hardness, CIE L^(*), a^(*), b^9*) and NPPC) and skin damage of port carcass between groups. These results imply that the stress could be affected by transport time in transit without meat quality.

비육돈 사료의 영양소 수준이 돈육 품질에 미치는 영향

이제룡,서종태,정재두,이진우,하영주,이정일,곽석준,이중동 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.6

In a trial involving 240pigs, the proximate composition, physico-chemical properites, color, amino acid composition and fatty acid composition of loin muscle were investigated in feeding various finished pig fees. The treatments included feeding control) the low-nutrient density diet(2,960㎈/㎏ ME, 12.25% CP, 0.41% lysine and 0.70% Ca), T1) the medium-nutrient density diet(3,220㎈/㎏ ME, 15.50% CP, 0.87% lysine and 0.90% Ca) and T2) the hight-nutrient density diet(3,350㎈/㎏ ME, 17.50% CP, 1.05% lysine and 0.90% Ca). The crude ash contents of T1 were significantly(p<0.05) higher than those of control and T2. The ?_(u) of T2 were significantly higher than those of control and T1, but cooking loss were significantly(p<0.05) lower than those of control. In compositions amino acid, aspartic acid, threonine, iso-leucine and histidine of T2 were higher than those of control, but proline and glycine were significantly(p<0.05) lower then those of control. The oleic acid(18:1) contents of control were significantly higher than those of T1 and T2, but the contents of linoleic acid(C18:2) and arachidonic(C20:4) acid were significantly(p<0.05) lower. Inconclusion, the results of the experiments suggest that the high-nutrient density diet for pigs tended to improve the postmortem ?_(u) and cooking loss.

Structural insights into conserved l-arabinose metabolic enzymes reveal the substrate binding site of a thermophilic l-arabinose isomerase

Lee, Y.J.,Lee, S.J.,Kim, S.B.,Lee, S.J.,Lee, S.H.,Lee, D.W. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 FEBS letters Vol.588 No.6

Structural genomics demonstrates that despite low levels of structural similarity of proteins comprising a metabolic pathway, their substrate binding regions are likely to be conserved. Herein based on the 3D-structures of the α/β-fold proteins involved in the ara operon, we attempted to predict the substrate binding residues of thermophilic Geobacillus stearothermophilusl-arabinose isomerase (GSAI) with no 3D-structure available. Comparison of the structures of l-arabinose catabolic enzymes revealed a conserved feature to form the substrate-binding modules, which can be extended to predict the substrate binding site of GSAI (i.e., D195, E261 and E333). Moreover, these data implicated that proteins in the l-arabinose metabolic pathway might retain their substrate binding niches as the modular structure through conserved molecular evolution even with totally different structural scaffolds.

Clinical outcomes of venous thromboembolism with dalteparin therapy in multiple myeloma patients

Lee, S.E.,Jeon, Y.W.,Yoon, J.H.,Cho, B.S.,Eom, K.S.,Kim, Y.J.,Kim, H.J.,Lee, S.,Cho, S.G.,Kim, D.W.,Lee, J.W.,Min, W.S.,Kim, M.,Min, C.K. Pergamon Press 2015 Thrombosis research Vol.136 No.5

This study focused on the clinical outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) who received low-molecular-weight heparin (dalteparin) therapy. Changes in D-dimer levels before and after VTE were also evaluated. Among 549 patients treated with various chemotherapeutic agents, a total of 52 (9.47%) patients including 32 newly diagnosed with MM and 16 with relapsed/refractory MM developed VTE, 48 of whom received dalteparin. Among the 48 treated patients, 37 (77%) had proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT), four had (8%) pulmonary embolism (PE), and seven (15%) had both DVT and PE. In 32 patients with available paired samples (at baseline and VTE occurrence), significant conversion of D-dimer levels from 2.2+/-0.4mg/L to 11.8+/-1.6mg/L (P<0.001) was observed, which decreased from 10.9+/-0.4mg/L to 1.9+/-0.6mg/L one month after initiating dalteparin therapy. A total of 44 patients received dalteparin with a median duration of 4.2months (range, 2.7-9.4), and four patients were discontinued early due to death (n=3) and major bleeding (n=1). After a median follow-up of 9.0months (range, 0.7-35.8) since the first VTE episode, five patients showed recurrence of VTE with a cumulative incidence of 17.5+/-7.9%. Major bleeding occurred in three patients. In summary, dalteparin seems to be a promising drug for the treatment of VTE in MM. In addition, the significant difference in D-dimer levels observed before occurrence of VTE and after dalteparin treatment may suggest the usefulness of D-dimer testing as a surrogate marker for VTE in MM patients.

쑥 분말 첨가가 유화형 소시지의 품질특성에 미치는 영향

이제룡,정재두,하영주,이진우,이정일,김곤섭,이중동 한국동물자원과학회 2004 한국축산학회지 Vol.46 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of addition of mugwort powder (0.7%, 1%, 2%) on the quality characteristics of emulsion-type sausages. The pH, color, TBARS, textural properties, minerals content and sensory evaluation were evaluated. The pH values of sausage containing mugwort powder were significantly lower as compared to control during 20 days of storage, but there were higher than those of control at 40 days of storage. The L* and a* values of sausage containing mugwort powder were signficantly lower as compared to control, but the b* values were significantly higher in the sausage containing mugwort powder. The TBARS values of sausage containing mugwort powder were signfkcantly lower than those of control at 20 and 45 days of storage. The hardness values of sausage containing mugwort powder were significantly lower than those of control. The Na content of sausage containing mugwort powder were significantly lower as compared to control, but Mg, Ca, Mn and Fe contents were significantly higher in the sausage containing 2% mugwort powder. Sensory panels evaluated that sausage containing mugwort powder had the higher preference scores in mugwort flavor.

Development of the new KSTAR helium distribution box

Lee, Y.J.,Kwag, S.W.,Song, N.H.,Park, D.S.,Chang, Y.B.,Moon, K.M.,Kim, N.W.,Joo, J.J.,Lee, C.H.,Kim, K.P.,Song, J.I.,Park, S.H.,Kim, H.T.,Ahn, H.J.,Kim, Y.S. Elsevier 2017 Fusion engineering and design Vol.123 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>KSTAR project has required the new helium distribution box named upgraded distribution box (DBU) for the operation of the cryogenic components such as in-vessel cryo-pump (CPI), super-sonic molecular beam injector (SMBI), and deuterium pellet injection system (PIS). Two CPIs are inserted into the tokamak vacuum vessel and these components shall be operated at 90K for the liquid nitrogen thermal shields and 4.5K for the hydrogen cryo-panel. One hydrogen PIS was newly mounted on the tokamak for the 2016 KSTAR campaign. Liquid nitrogen shall be supplied to the one SMBI. For the operation of above mentioned 3 kinds of cryogenic components, a helium refrigerator, which had been used for the R&D in the KSTAR facility construction phase (2002–2013), was moved and inserted into the KSTAR 9kW helium facility room. The cooling capacity of the refrigerator at 4.5K is 1kW and it was manufactured from the Linde Kryotechnik before 2002. After some maintenances in warm compressor, electrical power supply, oil-filter, and so on, commissioning of the refrigerator up to 4.5K was accomplished successfully. From the beginning of 2015, design and fabrication of the DBU was started. It shall control the liquid nitrogen for the SMBI and CPI thermal shields whereas liquid helium for the CPI cryo-panel and PIS. To minimize the temperature of the liquid nitrogen to be supplied to SMBI and CPI, a thermal damper tank was inserted into the distribution box. Nitrogen return gases are to be warmed up to room temperature at the heater in the distribution box. A 1000l of liquid helium vessel is located nearby the PIS to supply cold gas helium (∼5K). Because the CPI cryo-panel requires regeneration up to 90K, complex regeneration and re-cool down scenario was developed and applied to the DBU. Including operational results, details of the DBU progresses will be reported in this paper.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> There has been progresses in the construction and 1st operation of DBU in 2016 KSTAR plasma experiments. </LI> <LI> Two in-vessel cryopumps (CPIs) cool-down to 4.5K and observed pumping speed was 3.0E4l/s. </LI> <LI> Manual CPI regeneration tests were accomplished regarding future automatic control. </LI> <LI> Production of the D<SUB>2</SUB> pellets were successful and there has been lots of injection tests. </LI> </UL> </P>

Inhibitory effect of fenofibrate on neointima hyperplasia via G₀/G₁ arrest of cell proliferation

Lee, J.J.,Yu, J.Y.,Zhang, W.Y.,Kim, T.J.,Lim, Y.,Kwon, J.S.,Kim, D.W.,Myung, C.S.,Yun, Y.P. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 european journal of pharmacology Vol.650 No.1

We have previously reported that fenofibrate displayed a potent antithrombotic effect by the inhibition of platelet aggregation. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of fenofibrate on the neointimal hyperplasia and its possible molecular mechanism. Neointimal hyperplasia was measured in balloon-inflated-induced vascular injury model of male Sprague-Dawley rats and cell proliferation was measured in primary cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Fenofibrate-treated group showed a significant reduction in neointimal formation (0.07+/-0.04mm<SUP>2</SUP>) from the control (0.13+/-0.04mm<SUP>2</SUP>). Fenofibrate significantly inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell counting and [<SUP>3</SUP>H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Fenofibrate suppressed the PDGF-BB-inducible progression through G<SUB>0</SUB>/G<SUB>1</SUB> to S phase of cell cycle. Moreover, fenofibrate inhibited not only phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and expression of cyclin D/E, CDK 2/4 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) proteins but also mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways such as ERK ½, p38 and JNK phosphorylation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that fenofibrate significantly inhibits neointimal formation via G<SUB>0</SUB>/G<SUB>1</SUB> arrest of PDGF-BB-induced cell proliferation in association with the inhibition of MAPK, which resulted in the downregulation of expressions of cyclin D/E, CDK 2/4 and PCNA proteins, suggesting that fenofibrate may be useful for individuals with a high risk of thrombotic or cardiovascular diseases.

Cyclobuxine D의 토끼 적출 장관에 대한 작용

이종화,박영현,조병헌,김종배,김정목,김유재,김천숙,차영덕,김영석 최신의학사 1988 最新醫學 Vol.31 No.1