제주도 지하수 질산염 농도의 시·공간적 변화 특성: 장기(1993-2015) 모니터링 자료의 평가

김호림(Ho-Rim Kim),오준섭(Junseop Oh),도현권(Hyun-Kwon Do),이경진(Kyung-Jin Lee),현익현(Ik-Hyun Hyun),오상실(Sang-Sil Oh),감상규(Sang-Kyu Kam),윤성택(Seong-Taek Yun) 대한자원환경지질학회 2018 자원환경지질 Vol.51 No.1

1993년부터 2015년까지 관측된 제주도 지하수 장기모니터링 관측정(N = 4,835)에서 수집된 지하수 수질자료(N = 21,568)를 기반으로 질산성질소의 시공간적 변동 특성을 평가하였다. 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 농도의 중앙값은 2.5 mg/L로서 다른 국가나 대륙의 조사 결과에 비해 다소 높거나 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지하수 용도, 행정구역 및 고도 별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히, 산간 지역에 비해 저지대 해안가에 위치한 농업 및 주거지역에서 농도가 높음을 확인하였다. Mann-Kendall 및 Sen’s slope 분석을 활용한 질산성질소 농도의 추세 분석 결과, 하류 저지 대에 비해 중산간지역에서의 질산성질소 농도 증가 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 제주도 내 토지 피복의 시계열 변화 특성과 결부 지어 보면, 중산간지역의 오염 증가 추세는 농업지역의 확장 등 인위적 활동 증가에 기인한 결과로 판단된다. 반면,기지정된 지하수자원특별관리구역에서는 전반적으로 질산성질소 농도의 감소 경향이 나타났는데, 이는 지하수 관리 측면에서 수질관리를 위한 적극적인 정책이 유효함을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 오염관리를 위한 적정 방안을 제안한다. The spatio-temporal variations of nitrate concentrations in groundwater of Jeju Island were evaluated by an analysis of time series groundwater quality data (N = 21,568) that were collected from regional groundwater monitoring (number of wells = 4,835) for up to 20 years between 1993 and 2015. The median concentration of NO 3 -N is 2.5 mg/L, which is slightly higher than those reported from regional surveys in other countries. Nitrate concentrations of groundwater in wells tend to significantly vary according to different water usage (of the well), administrative districts, and topographic elevations: nitrate level is higher in low-lying agricultural and residential areas than those in high mountainous areas. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope analysis show that nitrate concentration in mid-mountainous areas tends to increase, possibly due to the expansion of agricultural areas toward highland. On the other hand, nitrate concentrations in the Specially Designated Groundwater Quality Protection Zones show the temporally decreasing trend, which implies the efficiency of groundwater management actions in Jeju. Proper measures for sustainable groundwater quality management are suggested in this study.

CaO-SiO₂계 수열반응의 속도론적 고찰

이희수,정윤중,신현택 연세대학교 대학원 1980 延世論叢 Vol.17 No.1

For the study of kinetics and the rate determining stage on the hydrothermal reaction between CaO-SiO2 and CaO-SiO2-slag systems, the mole ratio of CaO/SiO2 was made to be 0.8 and slag was combined with same weight percentage of CaO/SiO2 mixture. For this study, discs were piled up one on another compactly for intercepted the steam penetration, exept one direction, and had autoclave treatment for 2,6, 10, 14 and 24 hrs. at reaction temperature 80,152 and 181℃. Contents of free lime and free silica were detected by quantitative analysis for the reaction conversion. And from this result reaction constant and activation energy were calculated. It was found that the rate determining stages are changed from phase boundary controlled reaction to diffusion controlled reaction in process of 10 hrs. at reaction temperature 80 and 152℃ for CaO-SiO2 system and at 152 and 181℃ for CaO-SiO2-slag system. And also was found that activation energy for CaO-SiO2 system is 6.6 kcal/mole and for CaO- SiO2 - slag system is 12.2kca1/mole.

SIIM 퍼지 PI 제어기를 이용한 PWM제어 방식 DC-DC Buck Converter에 관한 연구

이상태,채창현,이상재,고택범 금오공과대학교 산업기술개발연구원 2000 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.16 No.-

The dynamics of DC-DC converters are nonlinear and have problems associated with parasitic resistances, stray capacitances and leakage inductances of the components. PLL(Phase Lead / Lag) compensation is predominantly used in compensator design. But it is hard to tune the parameter of compensator and do not show the good performance in transient period. A new controller for DC-DC converters based on fuzzy logic is proposed. Being free of complex equations and heavy computation, fuzzy control therefore is suitable for the design of optimal compensation for DC-DC converters. This paper presents the derivation of fuzzy PI controller for the basic converter circuits and simulations of the close-loop converters in cases of start-up transient or load variation. Simulation results show that the proposed SIIM fuzzy PI controller make more stable output characteristics and better dynamic performances than conventional methods. This paper describes the fuzzy PI controller using simplified indirect inference method. First, the fuzzy PI controller is derived from the conventional continuous time linear PI controller. Then the fuzzification, control-rule base, and defuzzification using SIIM in the design of the fuzzy controller are discussed in detail.

노후공동주택의 성능개선을 위한 거주자 설문조사에 관한 연구

이병태,현택수 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the criteria of existing system and grasp the way of current implementation for the reconstruction and reuse projects Confirm the new possibility of reforming developments through the comparative analysis between related matters and actual state of foreign cases Suggest the reconstruction plans by types and the reuse plans in three areas (unit dwelling, housing site environment, equipments and facilities) Finally, the suitable solutions are suggested to Improve residential environment for reconstruction projects or reuse plans in the future The results of this study can be summarized as follows The concrete plans for reconstruction projects by types were set up in the regulational aspect, functional aspect, and environmental aspect The regulational and social devices for reuse planning were formulated the strengthening of reconstruction criteria, the regulations defining of reuse planning, the publicity for better understandings of reuse, the development of high-quality human resources for reuse construction, the application of appeasement policies as a residential environment Improvement, and so on The adaptable solutions In the aspects of dwelling unit, building block, and site planning were provided the enlargement of unit space or area, the renovation of facade, the functional change for dwellings on the ground level, the open piping of circulation systems, the expansion of community facilities the build up of spatial hierarchy, and lastly, the housing development set reuse planning forth as a premise

세포외 기록용 차동증폭기

이강준,김현택 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.5 No.1

단단위 활동(single unit activity: SUA) 및 다단위 활동(multiple unit activity: MUA)을 기록할 수 있는 증폭기를 소개한다. 증폭기는 최첨단 증폭기와 후단 증폭기로 분리되어 있으며 두 부분 모두에서 높은 동상신호 제거비를 얻기 위해 차동증폭회로가 사용되었다. 높은 입력임피던스를 얻기 위해 접합형 전계효과 트랜지스터가 사용되었다. 후단 증폭기에는 또한 여파기와 완충증폭기를 삽입하여 원하는 주파수대의 뉴런활동을 선별할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 증폭기는 고입력 임피던스, 저잡음, 광대역 증폭 특성을 지닌 기기로서, 금속 전극을 사용한 다단위 기록과 미세유리관 전극을 사용한 단단위 기록에서 만족한 성능을 보였다. An amplifier was designed for extracellular recording of unit activity. It consists of a head stage amplifier and a postamplifier. The head stage amplifier and the postamplifier have differential input circuits. The amplifier had a high common mode rejection ratio(CMRR), well-defined gains, a low noise character, and a wide dynamic range. Multiple unit activity(MUA) and single unit activity(SUA) could be recorded satisfactorily in animals with the chronically implanted metal electrode and with the acute micropipette electrode in the brain.

국산 무기 섬유계 단열재에 관한 연구

이종민,신현택,양중식 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1980 논문집 Vol.12 No.2

Thermal characteristics and the related physical properties of various domestic fibrous inorganic products were investigated and the results are as follows: 1) Quality of the domestic fiber glass and the products meet the standards designated under KS, JIS and ASTM, and the products showed the fiber diameter of 4-15μ, the density of 0,004-0.07g/㎤ and the thermal conductivity of 0.027-0.049kcal/m hr℃. 2) Insulating characteristics of the glass fiber products are closely related with the diameter of the glass fiber and the density of the products, are increased with smaller fiber diameter and higher density of the products, and showed the thermal conductivity mostly lower than 0.035kcal/m hr℃ at 20℃ (Mean temp.) 3) Domestic mineral fiber showed its fiber diameter of 5-11μ and the thermal conductivity of 0.025-0.37kcal/m hr ℃ at 20℃ (Mean temp.)

Crown화합물과 분광광도법에 의한 미량 납의 분리 및 분석

이화구,한현택,정창웅 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1999 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.5 No.2

Ion-pair extraction of lead(Ⅱ) form varying concentration of HCI solution was studied employing crown ether in nitrobenzenc as the extractant. Lead(Ⅱ) complex was stripped into alkaline solution and Pb(DDTC)₂complex was replaced quantitatively with Cu(Ⅱ), this complex has maximum absorbance at 450㎚. Beer's law applied in the range of 1.5 ∼ 7.5 ㎍/mL of Pb(Ⅱ) and molar absorptivity is 8.3 × 10³L/mole·㎝.

고전적 순막 조건화 동안의 해마 뇌전도와 다단위 활동

이두현,김현택,류재욱,김기석 한국심리학회 1990 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.2 No.1

해마에서만 발견되는 뇌전도는 낮은 주파수, 높은 진폭의 특징을 갖고 동기화가 잘 이루어져 마치 정현파에 가까운 형태를 보인다. 이러한 뇌전도에 대해 서파리듬 또는 θ파라 부르고 전기 생리학적인 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. θ파의 주파수 특성, 발생기전, 행동과의 관련성 등에 대해 집중적 연구가 이루어졌고, 그러한 연구를 기초로 θ파의 기능에 관한 여러가설이 도출되었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 해마의 서파리듬이 행동과 어떤 관계를 갖고 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 토끼의 순막반응을 고전적으로 조건화시키는 동안에 미리 해마에 삽입한 전극으로부터 뇌전도와 다단위활동을 기록하였다. 해마 서파리듬에 대해서는 주파수 분석을 실시하고 다단위 활동은 시간단위당 발화 횟수를 측정하여 조건화과정과의 관련성을 살펴보았다. 실험 결과, 해마의 다단위 활동은 순막의 조건 반응과 높은 상관관계를 보여주었다. 해마 서파리듬은 조건화 절차와 관계없이 조건자극, 무조건자극 제시 기간에 제2유형인 4,5㎐의 감소와 제1유형인 7,8㎐의 증가를 보였다. 이는 해마 서파리듬의 기능이 조건화된 반응보다는 조건자극과 무조건자극의 제시와 관련이 있음을 시사하는 것이었다. 이러한 결과를 해마 θ파의 기능에 관한 여러 가설에 비추어 논의하였다. This study was investigated to hippocampal θ rhythm and multiple unit response during classical conditioning of rabbit's nictitating membrane response. Hippocampal θ rhythm usually was classified into type 1 and type 2. According to various electrophysiological researches, type 1 θ rhythm was highly correlated with voluntary behavior and type 2 θ rhythm with automatic behavior, but there were studies which assert that type 1 θ rhythm was correlated with sensory information processing. So, this study was an attempt to investigate those results as compared paired conditioning group with unpaired control group. Paired group was presented 500msec tone CS followed 100msec air puff US after 400msec interstimulus interval. But unpaired group was presented 500msec tone and 100msec air puff independently. There was no difference in distinction of θ rhythm between the two group. Again, there was no correlation between θ rhythm and conditioned response. But, there was high correlation between multiple unit response and conditioned response. The result indicated that type 1 θ rhythm was highly correlated with presentation of tone and air puff in both group, this result suggest that type 1 θ rhythm is correlated with subject's information processing.

圓佛敎 法律恩 硏究 : 正義論을 中心으로 Centered on the view of its correct meaning

李鉉澤 圓光大學校 圓佛敎學硏究會 1979 圓佛敎學硏究 Vol.9 No.-

慶北大學校 Campus 內 Bench 設値現況 및 利用實態分析

李鉉澤,鄭聖寬,林元炫,鄭東煥 慶北大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.46 No.-

This study was to establish a basic theory of facilities. In this study, establishment status, users' actual conditions' senses were investigated about bench in KPNU. The main results of this study were as follows: 1) The bench type was classified 6 types. They were named as bench shape.. Rentangle (87.0%) was established the highest. And concrete(47.0%) was the highest in case of materials. Backboard was all much the same number in case of established(46.5%) and unestablished(53.5%). 2) There was not bench size standard and most of benches were unfit to the humanscale. It indicated that bench, design and construction must consider the humanscale. 3) Bench was used for rest and talks(85.0%). Arrangement direction of bench was considers and more bench for rest was constructed in the future. 4) 2-3 persons (76.0%) was the highest in bench users and 3-4 persons (50.0%) who use the other places was the highest in case of user group. It suggested that bench for 2-4 persons was needed for bench users. 5) In the post-occupancy evaluation, design, color, and number of bench were evaluated below the normal. Especially, concrete bench (non backboard) was evaluated negatively in convenience, harmony with surroundings, design, and quality of material. More benches were needed and design, color, convenience, quality of material, and harmony with surroundings were considered convenience, quality of material, and harmony with surroundings were considered in bench construction. In conclusion, this study was researched only one facilities, but study with various facilities in various sites (school, park, amusement park, street, and parking area) were needed in the future.