A Study on the Regulation of Clean Beauty Cosmetic Related Recognition and Consumer Responsibility Related Perception in the Relationship between Generation MZ's Environmental Awareness and Clean Beauty Cosmetic Repurchase Behavior

Sohyun Lee(Sohyun Lee),Eunsook Kim(Eunsook Kim) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Regulations Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine and understand the structural relationship between envi-ronmental awareness level, clean beauty cosmetics awareness, and repurchase behavior among Generation MZ, and investigate the regulating effect of consumer responsibility perception. Recently, as the consumers' interest in environmental protection has grown, it was intended to help the development of new products of clean beauty and the development of the cosmetics market, which is emerging as a new trend, thereby providing the basic data to consumers and fans of future marketing strategies. Method: For the subject of this study, it was intended to use the SPSS 25.0, AMOS 22.0 program for 523 copies of online questionnaires in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon areas and non-metropolitan area to verify the research question for Generation MZ who have purchased clean beauty cosmetics at least once and analyzed them. The exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed to secure the validity and reliability of the scale, and the Pearson correlation analysis was performed to confirm the correlation between major variables. The regulating effect analysis was performed through path analysis, and a multi-group comparative path analy-sis was performed to confirm the regulating effect. Results: As a result of the analysis performed, the level of environmental awareness had a positively signifi-cant effect on the perception of clean beauty cosmetics( =.492, p<.001) and intention to repurchase( =.086, p<.05), while the clean beauty cosmetic perception also had a positively significant effect on the repurchase be-havior and intention( =.651, p<.001). That is, the higher the level of environmental awareness, the higher the level of awareness and repurchase behavior for clean beauty cosmetics. In particular, the level of environmental awareness was found to be a factor that can increase the intention to repurchase by raising the level of aware-ness of clean beauty cosmetics. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it turned out that the higher the environmental awareness level, the higher the level of awareness of clean beauty cosmetics or the level of repurchase behavior. It is meaningful for identifying the preferences of Generation MZ in the clean beauty cosmetics market, which has been gradually expanding since COVID-19, and presenting products and effective marketing strategies accordingly.

Analysis of Socio-Cultural Attitude towards Appearance and Related of MZ Generation Using Potential Profile Analysis

Heeyoung Lee(Heeyoung Lee),Eunsook Kim(Eunsook Kim) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Public Value Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and understand the types of consumers in their teens through their 30s who care for their appearance by analyzing the socio-cultural attitude types and related factors towards appearance using the potential profile analysis, and provide a practical assistance for marketing in line with the consumer type. Method: In this study, 520 online questionnaires were collected from among those in their teens and their 30s, and using SPSS 25ver and M-plus 7.0 programs, the basic analyses including frequency analysis, descriptive sta-tistical analysis, etc., as well as appearance using potential profile analysis were performed while cross-analysis and variance analysis were performed to identify differences in major variables according to the socio-cultural attitude type related classification and derived types. Results: First, as a result of the potential profile analysis, 4 groups were found to be the most appropriate, and the graphs were named 'overall low group', 'media awareness centric group', 'overall high group', and 'other perspective centric group'. As the main results of the difference test, the older the age group and the more office workers, the more likely they were to belong to the group that emphasized the point of view of others, while the interest in skin beauty and appearance were highly likely to belong to the general high-class and media aware-ness-centric group. That is, in the Korean society, there is a culture that emphasizes how you appear to others rather than yourself as you get older and enter social life, but this tendency does not have a positive effect on your interest in skin care or appearance. Whereas, such tendency can be interpreted as not having a positive effect on interest in skin beauty or appearance. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the age group which entered society and occupation, etc. are highly likely to belong to the other-centric group because appearance is important, but the interest in ap-pearance and skin beauty tends to be higher in the media recognition-centric group. It can be seen that when it comes to taking care of one's appearance, it is more important for one to recognize the necessity through the media than to emphasize the interest of others. Hence, through this study, it is intended to be used as a promo-tional marketing strategy and provide services desired by consumers to increase their satisfaction and assistance lead to their reuse.

The Mediating Effect of Socio-Cultural Attitude towards Appearance on the Appearance Interest in the Relationship between Acne Perception and Appearance Satisfaction

Heeyoung Lee(Heeyoung Lee),Eunsook Kim(Eunsook Kim) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Protection Convergence Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine and understand the mediating effect of socio-cultural attitude towards appearance on the appearance interest in the relationship between acne perception and appearance satisfaction, and provide a practical assistance for the programs for the acne skin in the beauty industry and market. Method: In this study, the statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs of 282 online questionnaires for the subjects with acne skin. Results: As for the results of this study, the socio-cultural attitude towards appearance has had a positively significant impact on the appearance interest(β=.453, p<.001), acne perception(β=.149, p<.05), and appearance satisfaction(β=.535, p<. 001), and the direct effect of socio-cultural attitude towards appearance on the appearance satisfaction was negatively significant(β=-.362, p<.001), while having a positively significant effect on the acne perception(β=.149, p<.05). Furthermore, in the relationship between the socio-cultural attitude towards appearance and appearance satisfaction, the interest in appearance demonstrated a positive mediating effect. This is a result demonstrating that if a person's socio-cultural attitude towards appearance is large, he or she can directly cause dissatisfaction with one's appearance, yet if one's interest in the appearance is raised before then, the appearance satisfaction might also be increased as a result. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that the larger the socio-cultural attitude towards the appearance, the larger the appearance interest and acne perception scores, and the larger the appearance interest, the larger the appearance satisfaction. Meanwhile, the socio-cultural attitude towards appearance negatively and significantly impacts the appearance satisfaction. Hence, it is apparent that the overall appearance is important as it impacts the appearance interest, not the skin type, and when consulting with the customers with acne skin, it is necessary to present the direction of interest in the appearance and suggest that it is also important to accurately perceive one's own skin condition. Through which, it is intended that the direction of social and cultural attitude towards appearance and interest in the appearance are presented to provide the services desired by consumers to increase their satisfaction with their appearance, and furthermore, provide assistance for the practical on-site management programs and counseling skills for acne skin in the medical skin care beauty industry and market.

신생아 중환자실 개방면회와 개방면회에 대한 부모 불안, 간호사의 태도

이유나(Yu-nah Lee),김은숙(Eunsook Kim),박소현(Sohyun Park),김안나(An Na Kim),이지윤(Jiyoon Lee),이금문(Keum Moon Lee),최수정(Sujung Choi),이은정(Eun-jung Lee) 한국근거기반간호학회 2014 근거와 간호 Vol.2 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the visitation conditions in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and to evaluate parents’ anxiety and nurses’ attitude about the open visitation policy. Methods: One group pre-posttest design was used. After the approval of the institutional review board was obtained, 22 parents and 58 nurses in the NICU participated in the survey between January and February in 2014.The visitation conditions were the number of patients who had visitors in the NICU for a whole day, total visitation hours, mean visitation hours and total number of visitation in a day. Before and after the open visitations were applied, the anxiety level of the patients and attitudes of the nurses were measured. Results: After the open visitation, all visitation conditions significantly increased. Parents’ anxiety score also significantly decreased after experiencing the open visitation (p=.023). However, nurses’ attitude was not different (p=.851). Conclusion: The open visitation can relive parents’ anxiety in the NICU but still nurses have some conflicts for applying the open visitation. It is necessary to prepare environmental infrastructure and educate nurses and parents to activate the open visitation in the NICU.

Intravenous Fluid Selection for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Clipping : Balanced Crystalloid versus Normal Saline

Kang, Jian,Song, Young Joo,Jeon, Sujeong,Lee, Junghwa,Lee, Eunsook,Lee, Ju-Yeun,Lee, Euni,Bang, Jae Seung,Lee, Si Un,Han, Moon-Ku,Oh, Chang Wan,Kim, Tackeun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2021 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.64 No.4

Objective : While balanced crystalloid (BC) could be a relevant fluid regimen with buffer system compared with normal saline (NS), there have been no studies on the optimal fluid for surgery of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA). This study aimed to compare the effects of fluid regimens between NS and BC on the metabolic and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent surgery for UIA. Methods : This study was designed as a propensity score matched retrospective comparative study and included adult patients who underwent UIA clipping. Patient groups were categorized as NS and BC groups based on the types of pre-operative fluid and the amount of fluid administered during surgery. The primary outcomes were defined as electrolyte imbalance and acidosis immediately after surgery. The secondary outcomes were the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and duration from the end of the operation to extubation. Results : A total of 586 patients were enrolled in this study, with each of 293 patients assigned to the NS and BC groups, respectively. Immediately after surgery, serum chloride levels were significantly higher in the NS group. Compared to the NS group, the BC group had lower incidence rates of acidemia (6.5% vs. 11.6%, p=0.043) and metabolic acidosis (0.7% vs. 4.4%, p=0.007). As compared to NS group, BC group had significantly shorter duration from the end of the operation to extubation (250±824 vs. 122±372 minutes, p=0.016) and length of stay in ICU (1.37±1.11 vs. 1.12±0.61 days, p=0.001). Throughout multivariable analysis, use of BC was found to be significant factor for favorable post-operative results. Conclusion : This study showed that the patients who received BC during UIA clipping had lower incidence of metabolic acidosis, earlier extubation and shorter ICU stay compared to those who received NS. Therefore, using BC as a peri-operative fluid can be recommended for patients who undergo surgery for UIA.

초등 5·6학년군 보건교과 내용요소 적절성 연구

조현아 ( Cho Hyuna ),송정혜 ( Song Jeunghye ),김경란 ( Kim Gyoungran ),박세은 ( Park Seeun ),심상희 ( Sim Sanghee ),이경순 ( Lee Kyungsun ),이은숙 ( Lee Eunsook ),이정희 ( Lee Junghee ),이지은 ( Lee Jieun ),이지혜 ( Lee Jihye ),이혜 한국보건교육학회 2020 한국보건교육학회지 Vol.6 No.1

본 논문은 초등학교 5·6학년 보건교과 내용요소 적절성 연구로서, 교과서와 장학자료 분석을 통해 보건교과 영역별 내용요소를 추출하고, 추출한 내용요소가 초등학교 5·6학년 군 보건교과 내용요소로서 적절한지 학생, 학부모, 교사를 대상으로 설문조사하여 집단 간 이해차이를 분석하였다. 우선 초등학교 5·6학년군 보건교과 내용체계를 4개 영역, 20개 핵심개념, 64개 내용요소로 제안하였다. 4개 영역은 ‘건강의 이해와 질병’, ‘생활 속의 건강한 선택’, ‘안전과 응급처치’, ‘건강자원과 사회문화’이다. ‘건강의 이해와 질병’ 영역은 3개의 핵심개념과 8개의 내용요소, ‘생활 속의 건강한 선택’은 3개의 하위 영역, ‘약물·담배·술’, ‘성건강’, ‘정서·정신건강’과 13개의 핵심개념, 39개의 내용요소, ‘안전과 응급처치’는 2개의 핵심개념과 8개의 내용요소, ‘건강자원과 사회문화’는 2개의 핵심개념과 9개의 내용요소로 구성하였다. 본 연구에서 추출한 보건교과 내용요소에 대해 학생, 학부모, 교사집단 모두 초등학교 5·6학년 보건교과 내용요소로서 적절하다고 응답하였다. 각 내용요소별 평균값은 4.11~4.69의 분포를 보였다. 각 영역별 평균값은 ‘건강의 이해와 질병’이 4.22~4.55, ‘생활 속의 건강한 선택’이 4.11~4.62, ‘안전과 응급처치’가 4.40~4.69, ‘건강자원과 사회문화’가 4.22~4.46이었다. 각 영역별 집단 간 평균값의 차이를 보면, ‘건강의 이해와 질병’ 영역, ‘약물·담배·술’ 영역, ‘안전과 응급처치’ 영역은 교사 집단이, ‘성건강’ 영역은 교사와 학부모 집단이, ‘건강자원과 사회문화’ 영역은 학생 집단의 평균값이 대체로 높았고, ‘정서·정신건강’ 영역은 집단 간 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 2015개정교육과정이 전면 적용되는 현재, 교사의 교육과정 문해력과 교육과정 재구성 역량이 강조되나, 국가수준에서 제시된 초등학교 보건교과 교육과정이 없다는 것은 실제보건교육이 초등학교 현장에서 실시되고 있음에도 무엇을, 어떻게 되도록 가르쳐야 하는지에 대한 기준점이 없음을 의미한다. 비록 교사별 교육과정이 강조되고, 교사가 교육과정 전문가임에 틀림없으나, 국가수준의 교육과정이 제시되어야 교육과정 안에서 교사는 자신의 전문성을 발휘할 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 초등학교 보건교과 교육과정의 마련이 시급하다. This paper is a study on the appropriateness of the content element of the health subject in the 5th and 6th grades of elementary school. This, through the analysis of textbooks and scholarship materials, extracted the content elements according to the health subject areas, and then surveyed the questionaire on the samples of students, parents, and teachers to see if the content element of the health subject in the 5th and 6th grades of elementary school is appropriate, finally analyzing the understanding difference of the groups. First of all, this divided the content element of the health subject in the 5th and 6th grades of elementary school into four areas, 20 key concepts, and 64 content elements for the convenience of analysis. The four areas are "Health Understanding and Disease," "Healthy Choice in Life," "Safety and First Aid" and "Health Resources and Social Culture." “Health Understanding and Disease" area has three key concepts and eight content elements. “Healthy Choice in Life" has three sub-area areas; "Drugs, Tobacco and Alcohol". "Health and Mental Health" and 13 key concepts; "Safety and First Aid" has two key concepts and eight key content elements; "Health Resources and Social Culture" has two key concepts and nine content elements. All the sample groups responded the health subject content elements extracted from this study to be appropriate as those for the 5th and 6th grades of elementary school. The average value of every content element was distributed at 4.11 to 4.69. The average values of every area are following: “Health Understanding and Disease”, 4.22-4.55; “Healthy Choices in Life”, 4.11-4.62; “Safety and First Aid”, 4.40-4.69; “Health Resources and Social Culture”, 4.22-4.46. Observing the differences in average values between groups of different areas, the average values of the areas of "Health Understanding and Disease," "Drugs, Tobacco and Alcohol," and "Safety and First Aid" are high in the group of teachers, those of the area of “Sexual Health” are high in the groups of teachers and parents, those of the areas of "Health Resources and Social Culture" are generally high in the group of students, and those of the area of "Sentimental and Mental Health" have no significant difference between groups. At present situation under the comprehensive application of 2015 revised curriculum, although teachers' literacy on curricula and ability to reconstruct curricula are emphasized, the fact that there is no curriculum for the health subject of elementary school suggested at the national level actually means that there is no criterion on what and how to teach it in spite of teaching the health education in the elementary school scene. It is sure that every teacher's curriculum should be emphasized and the teacher must be an expert in the curriculum, but, nevertheless, the national level curriculum have to be presented so that the teacher can display his or her expertise within the curriculum. Therefore, it is urgent to prepare a health subject curriculum for elementary school.

Induction of thioredoxin is required for nodule development to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in soybean roots.

Lee, Mi-Young,Shin, Ki-Hye,Kim, Yun-Kyoung,Suh, Ji-Yeon,Gu, Young-Yun,Kim, Mi-Ran,Hur, Yoon-Sun,Son, Ora,Kim, Jin-Sun,Song, Eunsook,Lee, Myeong-Sok,Nam, Kyoung Hee,Hwang, Keum Hee,Sung, Mi-Kyung,Kim, American Society of Plant Physiologists 2005 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.139 No.4

<P>Nodules are formed on legume roots as a result of signaling between symbiotic partners and in response to the activities of numerous genes. We cloned fragments of differentially expressed genes in spot-inoculated soybean (Glycine max) roots. Many of the induced clones were similar to known genes related to oxidative stress, such as thioredoxin and beta-carotene hydroxylase. The deduced amino acid sequences of full-length soybean cDNAs for thioredoxin and beta-carotene hydroxylase were similar to those in other species. In situ RNA hybridization revealed that the thioredoxin gene is expressed on the pericycle of 2-d-old nodules and in the infected cells of mature nodules, suggesting that thioredoxin is involved in nodule development. The thioredoxin promoter was found to contain a sequence resembling an antioxidant responsive element. When a thioredoxin mutant of yeast was transformed with the soybean thioredoxin gene it became hydrogen peroxide tolerant. These observations prompted us to measure reactive oxygen species levels. These were decreased by 3- to 5-fold in 7-d-old and 27-d-old nodules, coincident with increases in the expression of thioredoxin and beta-carotene hydroxylase genes. Hydrogen peroxide-producing regions identified with cerium chloride were found in uninoculated roots and 2-d-old nodules, but not in 7-d-old and 27-d-old nodules. RNA interference-mediated repression of the thioredoxin gene severely impaired nodule development. These data indicate that antioxidants such as thioredoxin are essential to lower reactive oxygen species levels during nodule development.</P>

Inhibitory Effect of Yongdamsagan-tang Water Extract, a Traditional Herbal Formula, on Testosterone-induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats

EUNSOOK PARK,MEE-YOUNG LEE,WOO-YOUNG JEON,NARI LEE,CHANG-SEOB SEO,HYEUN-KYOO SHIN 한국실험동물학회 2016 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.08

Synthesis and Thrombin, Factor Xa and U46619 Inhibitory Effects of Non-Amidino and Amidino <i>N</i> ² -Thiophenecarbonyl- and <i>N</i> ² -Tosylanthranilamides

Lee, Soo Hyun,Lee, Wonhwa,Nguyen, ThiHa,Um, Il Soo,Bae, Jong-Sup,Ma, Eunsook,Wimmer, Zdenek MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.6

<P>Thrombin (factor IIa) and factor Xa (FXa) are key enzymes at the junction of the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways and are the most attractive pharmacological targets for the development of novel anticoagulants. Twenty non-amidino <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-thiophencarbonyl- and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-tosyl anthranilamides <B>1</B>–<B>20</B> and six amidino <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-thiophencarbonyl- and <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>-tosylanthranilamides <B>21</B>–<B>26</B> were synthesized to evaluate their activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) using human plasma at a concentration of 30 µg/mL in vitro. As a result, compounds <B>5</B>, <B>9</B>, and <B>21</B>–<B>23</B> were selected to study the further antithrombotic activity. The anticoagulant properties of <B>5</B>, <B>9</B>, and <B>21</B>–<B>23</B> significantly exhibited a concentration-dependent prolongation of in vitro PT and aPTT, in vivo bleeding time, and ex vivo clotting time. These compounds concentration-dependently inhibited the activities of thrombin and FXa and inhibited the generation of thrombin and FXa in human endothelial cells. In addition, data showed that <B>5</B>, <B>9</B>, and <B>21</B>–<B>23</B> significantly inhibited thrombin catalyzed fibrin polymerization and mouse platelet aggregation and inhibited platelet aggregation induced by U46619 in vitro and ex vivo. Among the derivatives evaluated, <I>N</I>-(3′-amidinophenyl)-2-((thiophen-2′′-yl)carbonylamino)benzamide (<B>21</B>) was the most active compound.</P>

Bisphenol A distribution in serum, urine, placenta, breast milk, and umbilical cord serum in a birth panel of mother–neonate pairs

Lee, Jangwoo,Choi, Kyungho,Park, Jeongim,Moon, Hyo-Bang,Choi, Gyuyeon,Lee, Jeong Jae,Suh, Eunsook,Kim, Hai-Joong,Eun, So-Hee,Kim, Gun-Ha,Cho, Geum Joon,Kim, Sung Koo,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Su Young,Kim, Se Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.626 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during the perinatal and postnatal periods increases the susceptibility to disease over the life cycle. However, information on the BPA delivered to fetuses or infants via the placenta and breastfeeding is limited. We determined the BPA exposure levels in various bodily fluids and tissues of pregnant women and described fetus and infant exposures to BPA based on associations and BPA ratios in mother–neonate paired samples. Maternal serum, urine, placenta, breast milk, cord serum, and neonatal urine samples were collected from 318 mother–neonate pairs at six university hospitals in Korea. BPA levels were detected using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The ratios of the BPA levels in the other sample types to the levels in maternal serum were calculated. BPA was detected in 79.5–100% of the maternal and fetal samples. The median BPA concentration in the samples decreased in the order of neonatal urine (4.75ng/mL), maternal urine (2.86ng/mL), cord serum (1.71ng/mL), maternal serum (1.56ng/mL), breast milk (0.74ng/mL), and the placenta (0.53ng/g). We estimated the ratios of BPA levels in the other sample types to those in maternal serum. The median (95th percentile) cord serum-to-maternal serum ratio was 1.12 (15.2) for 160 mother–fetal pairs, in which BPA was detected in both samples. The placenta-, maternal urine-, neonatal urine-, and breast milk-to-maternal serum ratios were 0.28 (5.31), 1.79 (29.9), 1.98 (28.2), and 0.51 (10.5), respectively. In addition, the median (95th percentile) cord serum-to-placenta ratio was 4.03 (45.8), and the neonatal urine-to-cord serum ratio was 1.95 (25.6). The 95th percentile values were 14–20-fold greater than the medians. Urine contained the highest BPA concentrations, followed by serum, breast milk, and the placenta. The variations of BPA ratio show individual differences in the amounts of BPA delivered from mother to fetus.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Not enough data on tissue distribution of BPA in mother‑neonate (or fetus) pair </LI> <LI> The order of BPA concentrations in examined tissue or bio-samples are urine in mother and neonates>cord serum>maternal serum>breast milk>placenta. </LI> <LI> BPA in cord serum, significantly associated with in maternal serum and urine but not in others. </LI> <LI> The variations of BPA ratio show individual differences in the amounts of BPA delivered from mother to fetus. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>