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Transfer and constraint interaction in interlanguage phonology
Borim Lee 한국음운론학회 2003 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.9 No.1
Lee, Borim. 2003. Transfer and constraint interaction in interlanguage phonology. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 9.1. 167-184. This study examines a case of interlanguage phonology of the Korean (Ll) learners of English (L2). Korean does not allow the cluster of /I/ and /n/ in any order, which turns into a geminates /Il/ or /nn/ depending on the morphophonemic contexts. In order to find out whether this language specific markedness constraint applies to interlanguage (under the assumption of transfer) and, if so, how it interacts with other constraints, two experiments, production and perception, were conducted on the English clusters of /I/ and /n/ in words and phrases. The results of the experiments show that the language-specific constraint in LI indeed applies to interlanguage, but in the different manner. More specifically, the morphophonemic constraint is redefined as a phonological constraint and the constraint ranking is rearranged in accordance with the constraint demotion principle proposed by Tesar and Smolensky (1998), placing the (Ll) markedness constraint violated by the winner below faithfulness constraints. (Wonkwang University)
The liquid Iexicalization and nativization in Sino-Korean and English Ioans
Borim Lee 한국음운론학회 2001 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.7 No.1
Lee, Borim. 2001. The liquid lexicalization and nativization in Sino-Korean and English loans. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 7.1. 101-124. In this paper I examine the two processes of loanword phonology, a lexicalization process and a nativization process, with a special focus on the loanwords with liquids in Korean. It will be argued that the input words from source languages are evaluated by the constraint ranking specific to loanwords to make them fit the phonemic inventory and the syllable structure of the native language. It will be claimed that once the loanwords are stored phonemically in the lexicon they participate in the native language morpho-phonology with no distinctions regarding their origin. It will be shown that the so-called 'Du-imconstraint', which played a crucial role in the lexicalization process of SinoKorean vocabulary, affects neither English loanwords nor recently developing native words. I conclude then that this constraint is not an active phonotactic constraint in the modern Korean and that the relevant ranked constraints within the framework of Optimality Theory provide a unified account of the alternations among /I/, /r/, and /n/. (Wonkwang University)
Recoverability as Faithfulness Relations in Correspondence Theory
Borim Lee 한국음운론학회 1997 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.3 No.-
Borim Lee. 1997. Recoverability as Faithfulness Relations in Correspondence Theory. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 3, 167-181. The goal of this paper is to reexamine a set of phenomena related to truncation in Lardil within the framework of Optimality Theory. Truncation causes loss of information, and it sometimes is compensated by some processes which help in retrieving the lost information. Those processes of a global property have defied plausible analyses within the traditional rule-ordering framework. I argue in this paper that the right key to the problem is in capturing the notion of recoverability within a formal framework. In Correspondence theory, I propose, recoverability of lost features can be measured by faithfulness relations applied to featural correspondence between input and output. (Wonkwang University)
Lee, Soojin,Kim, Borim,Park, Kyungmoon,Um, Youngsoon,Lee, Jinwon Humana Press 2012 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.166 No.7
<P>meso-2,3-Butanediol (meso-2,3-BDO) is essential for the synthesis of various economically valuable biosynthetic products; however, the production of meso-2,3-BDO from expensive carbon sources is an obstacle for industrial applications. In this study, genes involved in the synthesis of 2,3-BDO in Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified and used to genetically modify Escherichia coli for meso-2,3-BDO production. Two 2,3-BDO biosynthesis genes-budA, encoding acetolactate, and meso-budC, encoding meso-SADH-from K. pneumoniae were cloned into the pUC18 plasmid and introduced into E. coli. In 2??l batch culture, the SGSB03 E. coli strain yielded meso-2,3-BDO at 0.31??g/g(glucose) (with a maximum of 15.7??g/l(culture) after 48??h) and 0.21??g/g(crude glycerol) (with a maximum of 6.9??g/l(culture) after 48??h). Batch cultures were grown under optimized conditions (aerobic, 6% carbon source, 37??°C, and initial pH 7). To find the optimal culture conditions for meso-2,3-BDO production, we evaluated the enzyme activity of meso-SADH and the whole cell conversion yield (meso-2,3-BDO/acetoin) of the E. coli SGSB02, which contains pSB02. meso-SADH showed high enzyme activity at 30-37??°C and pH 7 (30.5-41.5 U/mg of protein), and the conversion yield of SGSB02 E. coli was highest at 37-42??°C and a pH of 7 (0.25-0.28 g( meso-2,3-BDO)/g(acetoin)).</P>
Borim Lee(이보림),Susan G. Guion 한국음운론학회 2008 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.14 No.2
This study investigated hyperarticulated, clear speech production of English stress by second language speakers of English. The results of the experiment revealed that second language learners can, to some extent, control their production and that they may have targets for stress production that are undershot but may be reached with more articulatory effort. This suggests that learners regulate phonetic variation in their second language in much the same way as they do for a first language and that when they devote enough attentional resources, they may approximate more native-like productions of specific acoustic features. Three of the acoustic correlates of English stress investigated, i.e., pitch, intensity and duration, were enhanced in clear speech with the exception of duration for Japanese bilinguals. However, vowel reduction in unstressed vowels did not change in clear speech, indicating that it may not be present in learners’ target representations.