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Risk-Based Approaches to the Safety in New Ship Design
Lee, Jongkap,Lee, Soonsup,Park, Beomjin,Lee, Dongkon The Korean Association of Ocean Science and Techno 2005 Journal of Ocean Science and Technology Vol.2 No.1
With the increase of the importance of the safety and environmental protection at sea, safety is a core design factor of maritime systems. Safety is defined as a perceived quality that determines to what extent the management, engineering and operation of a system is free of danger to life, property and the environment (Kuo 1998). There are many possible ways of dealing with the safety of ships. The rule-based approach is most commonly used in ship design. However there are many drawbacks to assure the safety objectives for a new ship and marine systems. This paper aims to investigate a systematic and rational approach to achieve the safety objectives of new ship in design process. Risk-based methodologies including the FSA (Formal Safety Assessment) and their applications to maritime systems are reviewed. Based on the principles of systems engineering and risk assessment, a process of safety assessment in ship design is established and proposed.
New Approach Way Using Substituent Group at Core Chromophore for Solution Process Blue Emitter.
Lee, Sunmi,Kim, Seungho,Lee, Jaehyun,Kim, Beomjin,Park, Jongwook American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.15 No.2
<P>Comparing the conventional vapor desposition process for OLEDs, the solution process using small molecules has merits of low production cost because of many reasons. For the solution process blue flourescent material, tertiary butyl (T) and anthracene (A) were first introduced as substituents to TAT core part, 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis(3',5'-diphenylbiphenyl-4'-yl)anthracene (T-TAT) and 2-(9-anthracenyl)-9,10-bis(3',5'-diphenylbiphenyl-4'-yl)anthracene (A-TAT). All three materials indicated typical absorption band of anthracene in the range of 350 to 400 nm. T-TAT exhibited similar optical properties to TAT, but A-TAT has longer absorption and PL emission compared to other two compounds. In case of spin-coated film, A-TAT exhibited absorption maximum value of 408 nm and photoluminescence maximum value of 469 nm. T-TAT and A-TAT can be applicable to solution process as a blue fluorescence material.</P>
Jeong, Beomjin,Cho, Suk Man,Cho, Sung Hwan,Lee, Ju Han,Hwang, Ihn,Hwang, Sun Kak,Cho, Jinhan,Lee, Tae‐,Woo,Park, Cheolmin Wiley - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2016 Physica Status Solidi. Rapid Research Letters Vol.10 No.5
<P>Control of crystallization of a solution‐processed perovskite layer is of prime importance for high performance solar cells. In spite of the negative effect of water on perovskite solar energy conversion in several previous works, we observed that humidity plays a critical role to develop a thin uniform, dense perovskite film with preferred crystals, in particular, in a device with architecture of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB>/ PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM/LiF/Al fabricated by two‐step sequential spin‐coating process. Humidity controlled spin‐coating of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>I on the pre‐formed PbI<SUB>2</SUB> layer was the most influential process and systematic structural investigation as a function of humidity revealed that grains of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB> perovskite crystals increase in size with their preferred orientation while film surface becomes roughened as the humidity increases. The performance of a device was closely related to the humidity dependent film morphology and in 40% relative humidity, the device exhibited the maximum power conversion efficiency of approximately 12% more than 10 times greater than that of a device fabricated at 20% humidity. The results suggest that our process with controlled humidity can be another efficient route for high performance and reliable perovskite solar cells. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>
Park, Beomjin,Park, Jaesung,Son, Jin Gyeong,Kim, Yong-Jin,Yu, Seong Uk,Park, Hyo Ju,Chae, Dong-Hun,Byun, Jinseok,Jeon, Gumhye,Huh, Sung,Lee, Seoung-Ki,Mishchenko, Artem,Hyun, Seung,Lee, Tae Geol,Han, American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.8
<P>Precise graphene patterning is of critical importance for tailor-made and sophisticated two-dimensional nanoelectronic and optical devices. However, graphene-based heterostructures have been grown by delicate multistep chemical vapor deposition methods, limiting preparation of versatile heterostructures. Here, we report one-pot synthesis of graphene/amorphous carbon (a-C) heterostructures from a solid source of polystyrene <I>via</I> selective photo-cross-linking process. Graphene is successfully grown from neat polystyrene regions, while patterned cross-linked polystyrene regions turn into a-C because of a large difference in their thermal stability. Since the electrical resistance of a-C is at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than that for graphene, the charge transport in graphene/a-C heterostructure occurs through the graphene region. Measurement of the quantum Hall effect in graphene/a-C lateral heterostructures clearly confirms the reliable quality of graphene and well-defined graphene/a-C interface. The direct synthesis of patterned graphene from polymer pattern could be further exploited to prepare versatile heterostructures.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2015/ancac3.2015.9.issue-8/acsnano.5b03037/production/images/medium/nn-2015-03037u_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn5b03037'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Yoo, Beomjin,Kim, Kyungkon,Lee, Doh-Kwon,Ko, Min Jae,Lee, Hyunjung,Kim, Yong Hyun,Kim, Won Mok,Park, Nam-Gyu Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 No.21
<P>We have investigated effect of thin TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layers deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO)/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) double-layered transparent conductive oxide on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell. FTO is deposited on an ITO-coated glass, followed by TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The thicknesses of the sputtered-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layers are varied from 10 nm to 20 nm, while the ITO and FTO are fixed to be 150 nm and 70 nm, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that the surface roughness is similar but the surface morphology is altered by thin TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer deposition. The sheet resistance of the ITO/FTO conductive glass is hardly changed by thin TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer deposition. Photovoltaic performance is significantly enhanced after introduction of thin TiO<SUB>2</SUB> underlayer. The 15 nm thick TiO<SUB>2</SUB> underlayer leads to the increases of photocurrent density from 9 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> to 10.3 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and fill factor from 0.715 to 0.747, as a result, the overall conversion efficiency is improved from 5.28% to 6.37%, corresponding to 20.6% increase. Photovoltage, however, remains almost unchanged. Photocurrent is improved over the entire wavelength. The increased transmittance at wavelength ranging from 300 to 600 nm contributes in part to increase in photocurrent. Improvement of charge collection efficiency from ∼90% to ∼97% is also attributed to the increased photocurrent, where the increased transport rate is responsible for the improved charge collection, indicating that the thin TiO<SUB>2</SUB> underlayer has influence on opto-electronic property in the dye-adsorbed bulk TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A thin TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer 15 nm thick was deposited on an ITO/FTO bilayered transparent conductive substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, which improved charge collection efficiency from 90% to 97% in dye-sensitized solar cells. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b926145a'> </P>