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Lee, Youngrak,Kim, Sung Bong,Lee, Taek,Jang, Min,Shin, Ashley,Park, Si Jae,Kim, Jung Rae,Choi, Yoon-E,Na, Jeong-Geol,Park, Chulhwan Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION Vol.218 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A solvent-free co-production process for biodiesel and glycerol carbonate (GC) was developed based on enzyme (Novozyme 435). Glycerol obtained from transesterification reactions could be directly converted to GC. The reactions were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) separately. The optimal factors, which are enzyme loading, molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to soybean oil, water content, and reaction temperature, were derived from the response optimizer. The results of optimization for biodiesel and GC production were re-analyzed by overlapping the contour plots of the factors. The following were the optima obtained: enzyme loading of 25 g/L, molar ratio of 15:1, water content of 0.082% (v/v), and reaction temperature of 59.65 °C. When the co-production of biodiesel and GC was conducted using the optima, biodiesel and GC production were achieved with conversions of 97.6% and 95.5%, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Solvent-free production of biodiesel and glycerol carbonate (GC) was developed. </LI> <LI> Statistical analysis enabled process optimization. </LI> <LI> Biodiesel and GC were achieved with 97.6% and 95.5% conversion, respectively. </LI> </UL> </P>
Topical formulation of retinyl retinoate employing nanostructured lipid carriers
Sang Gon Lee,Jae Han Jeong,Sung Rae Kim,Kyung Min Lee,Byeong Kil Ahn,Mean Hyung Kang,최영욱 한국약제학회 2012 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.42 No.5
Topical formulation of retinyl retinoate (RR)was developed with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs),composed of Compritol or Precirol as a solid lipid, canola oil as an oil, and Tween 80 as a surfactant. Hot high pressure homogenization method was efficiently employed to yield a homogenous nanodispersion in the size range of 230–300 nm with PDI values of\0.2, regardless of lipid selection. Precirol-based NLC (P-NLC) showed higher drug entrapment than that of Compritol-based NLC (C-NLC): RR encapsulation efficiency (%) of P- and C-NLC was 97.8 and 93.8 in average, respectively; drug loading (mg RR/g lipid)was 89.6 and 83.3 in average, respectively. Processing condition at relatively low temperature of 60 C was a key factor for maintaining RR stability. Drug release of P-NLC was greater than that of C-NLC, even though both NLCs revealed controlled release pattern. Therefore, P-NLC system was considered as a suitable vehicle for topical drug delivery, especially for heat-labile ingredient like RR.
Lee, Dong Gil,Kim, Kyung-Min,Lee, Hyun-Shik,Bae, Yong Chul,Huh, Jae-Won,Lee, Sang-Rae,Lee, Dong-Seok Elsevier 2019 NeuroToxicology Vol.74 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is used in many plastic products, such as perfumes, lunch boxes, bags, and building materials. As DEHP is not covalently bound to the plastic, humans can be easily exposed to it. DEHP induces neurobehavioral changes and neuronal cell death; however, the exact mechanism behind this is still unclear. We hypothesized that the neurotoxic mechanism is related to DEHP-induced oxidative stress leading to apoptosis through mitochondrial fission. We demonstrated that DEHP-induced oxidative stress triggers neuronal cell death via mitochondrial fission in mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells. Furthermore, we identified that peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5), an antioxidant enzyme induced by DEHP, prevents DEHP-induced mitochondrial fission by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species. We conclude that Prx5 may be a promising therapeutic target for mitigating DEHP-induced neuronal cell death.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) induces neurotoxicity through mitochondrial fission in HT-22 cells. </LI> <LI> DEHP-induced oxidative stress triggers neuronal cell death via mitochondrial fission in HT-22 cells. </LI> <LI> DEHP increases the expression levels of Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5). </LI> <LI> Prx5 ameliorates DEHP-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial fission. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee Sang Yub,Kim Kyung Rae,Commander Clayton 소화기인터벤션의학회 2023 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.12 No.2
Background: Left-sided portal hypertension (LPH) is an uncommon clinical condition resulting from splenic vein stenosis/occlusion, which may cause bleeding from gastric varices. This study reviewed the long-term safety and efficacy of splenic artery embolization for the treatment of gastric varix bleeding secondary to splenic vein thrombosis.Methods: From April 2008 to March 2020, all consecutive patients diagnosed with LPH-associated variceal bleeding who had undergone percutane-ous splenic artery embolization were reviewed retrospectively. Patients’ demographics, etiology of splenic vein thrombosis, embolization level and techniques, adverse events after embolization, and rebleeding rate were reviewed.Results: Twenty-two patients received splenic artery embolization for bleeding gastric varices in the setting of LPH. Three patients who underwent subsequent splenectomy were excluded. Median age was 44.5 years (range: 27–83 years) and 13 were male. Etiologies of splenic vein thrombosis were pancreatitis (n = 9), chronic liver disease (n = 6), and hematologic abnormalities (n = 4). Technical success was achieved in all 19 patients. Em-bolization level and material were as follows: proximal splenic artery coil embolization (n = 9), partial splenic parenchymal embolization with coils or particles (n = 7), and total parenchymal embolization with particles (n = 3). Procedure-related adverse events developed in 2 patients (one pleural effusion and one ileus with leukocytosis). During the median follow-up of 55 months (range, 7–165 months), two rebleeding events occurred 29 and 111 months after initial embolization, and both were successfully treated with repeat splenic artery embolization (n = 1) and transhepatic variceal embolization (n = 1).Conclusion: Splenic artery embolization for variceal bleeding secondary to LPH is safe and feasible. A total of 10.5% patients had delayed rebleeding more than 2 years after the index procedure, and both were successfully managed by repeat splenic artery embolization or transhepatic variceal em-bolization.
Improved volcanic ash detection based on a hybrid reverse absorption technique
Lee, Kwon Ho,Wong, Man Sing,Chung, Sung-Rae,Sohn, Eunha Elsevier 2014 Atmospheric research Vol.143 No.-
A noble volcanic ash (VA) detection method based on a hybrid reverse absorption technique was successfully applied in the analysis of major volcanic eruptions that occurred in Russia, Iceland, Chile, Italy, and Japan by using the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observation data. Sensitivity studies using radiative-transfer simulations by using various environmental parameters such as ash loadings, sizes, layer heights, and surface emissions, revealed that VA effects on brightness temperatures (BT) can reach up to 40 K. The advantage of the hybrid algorithm is its ability to detect distinct VA pixels during the day and night from satellite observations. The results showed that the hybrid algorithm can minimize the false detection of VA pixels, while well-known reverse absorption methods show abundant false VA pixels over bright surfaces and cloud formations. Further, the time-and-space distribution of the VA pixels is in good agreement with the data pertaining to operational aerosol products obtained from the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric cartography (SCIAMACHY) instrument on board ESA's Envisat and the cloud-aerosol Lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observations (CALIPSO). This novel algorithm is expected to provide a fine spatial and temporal resolution of VA monitoring from high spectral or geostationary satellite observation data. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Alterations in the Properties of Agar by ionizing Radiation
Lee, Su-Rae,Park, Sang-Ki,Cho, Han-Ok Korean Nuclear Society 1976 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.8 No.3
Alkali-treated red algae, Gracilaria sp. was irradiated with various doses of cobalt-60 gamma-rays and the yeild and properties of agar extracted from the seaweed were examined and compared with the quality of commercial agar powder after irradiation. Extraction yield of agar from irradiated seaweed was proportionally increased as the radiation dose was raised up to 2 Mrad whereas it tended to decrease slightly thereafter. Gelation ability, gelation point, gel hardness and specific viscosity of the agar were increased up to 1 Mrad and decreased at higher dose levels while its melting point, total nitrogen, crude ash and total sulfur decreased up to 1 Mrad level and remained unchanged thereafter. Irradiation of commercial agar powder caused remarkable decreases in the gelation ability, specific viscosity and gel hardness and slight decreases in the gelation point and melting point. The pattern of alterations in the properties of agar samples differed whether the polysaccharide was irradiated in free state or bound state in seaweed.
Lee, Youngjeon,Lee, Seunghoon,Lee, Sang-Rae,Park, Kanghui,Hong, Yunkyung,Lee, Minkyung,Park, Sookyoung,Jin, Yunho,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yonggeun Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MD 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.15 No.2
<P>Endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (eNSPCs) proliferate and differentiate into neurons and glial cells after spinal cord injury (SCI). We have previously shown that melatonin (MT) plus exercise (Ex) had a synergistic effect on functional recovery after SCI. Thus, we hypothesized that combined therapy including melatonin and exercise might exert a beneficial effect on eNSPCs after SCI. Melatonin was administered twice a day and exercise was performed on a treadmill for 15 min, six days per week for 3 weeks after SCI. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis were used to determine cell population for late response, in conjunction with histological examination and motor function test. There was marked improvement in hindlimb function in SCI+MT+Ex group at day 14 and 21 after injury, as documented by the reduced size of the spinal lesion and a higher density of dendritic spines and axons; such functional improvements were associated with increased numbers of BrdU-positive cells. Furthermore, MAP2 was increased in the injured thoracic segment, while GFAP was increased in the cervical segment, along with elevated numbers of BrdU-positive nestin-expressing eNSPCs in the SCI+MT+Ex group. The dendritic spine density was augmented markedly in SCI+MT and SCI+MT+Ex groups. These results suggest a synergistic effect of SCI+MT+Ex might create a microenvironment to facilitate proliferation of eNSPCs to effectively replace injured cells and to improve regeneration in SCI.</P>