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Ahreum Lee,Oh Wook Kwon,Kwi Ryun Jung,Gyun Jee Song,Hyun-Jeong Yang 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1
Background: Abnormalities of myelin, which increases the efficiency of action potential conduction, are found in neurological disorders. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) demonstrates therapeutic efficacy against some of these conditions, however effects on oligodendrocyte (OL)s are not well known. Here, we examined the effects of KRG-derived components on development and protection of OL-lineage cells. Methods: Primary OL precursor cell (OPC) cultures were prepared from neonatal mouse cortex. The protective efficacies of the KRG components were examined against inhibitors of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. For in vivo function of Rb1 on myelination, after 10 days of oral gavage into adult male mice, forebrains were collected. OPC proliferation were assessed by BrdU incorporation, and differentiation and myelination were examined by qPCR, western blot and immunocytochemistry. Results: The non-saponin promoted OPC proliferation, while the saponin promoted differentiation. Both processes were mediated by AKT and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. KRG extract, the saponin and non-saponin protected OPCs against oxidative stress, and both KRG extract and the saponin significantly increased the expression of the antioxidant enzyme. Among 11 major ginsenosides tested, Rb1 significantly increased OL membrane size in vitro. Moreover, Rb1 significantly increased myelin formation in adult mouse brain. Conclusion: All KRG components prevented OPC deaths under oxidative stress. While non-saponin promoted proliferation, saponin fraction increased differentiation and OL membrane size. Furthermore, among all the tested ginsenosides, Rb1 showed the biggest increase in the membrane size and significantly enhanced myelination in vivo. These results imply therapeutic potentials of KRG and Rb1 for myelin-related disorders.
Lee, Ahreum,Kim, Yong C.,Baek, Keumjin,Alam, Jehan,Choi, Yun S.,Rheu, Yaeeun,Shin, Yoo Jin,Kim, Sungtae,Kim, Hyun-Duck,Song, Yeong W.,Choi, Youngnim TaylorFrancis 2018 Virulence Vol.9 No.1
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Autoantibodies against alpha-enolase (ENO1) are often detected in various infectious and autoimmune diseases. Anti-ENO1 antibody titers were reported to be associated with the severity of periodontitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Because the enolase of the periodontal pathogen <I>Treponema denticola</I> (TdEno) has the highest homology with ENO1 among the enolases of human-associated bacteria, we hypothesized that anti-ENO1 autoantibodies produced during the immune response to TdEno may contribute to the progression of periodontitis and tested it in human and mouse systems. In human subjects with healthy periodontium or chronic periodontitis, a strong positive correlation between the levels of anti-TdEno and anti-ENO1 antibodies was observed. In addition, the purified anti-TdEno antibodies recognized ENO1 as well as TdEno in a dot blot, confirming the cross-reactivity between TdEno and ENO1. However, anti-ENO1 antibody titers were not associated with the severity of periodontitis. To further investigate the role of TdEno in the production of anti-ENO1 antibodies and the progression of periodontitis, mice received an oral gavage of <I>P. gingivalis</I> alone, subcutaneous immunization with TdEno alone, or both <I>P. gingivalis</I> oral gavage and TdEno immunization. Immunization with TdEno induced not only anti-TdEno but also anti-mouse Eno1 (mEno1) antibodies and increased the expression of TNFα in the gingival tissues. However, alveolar bone loss was not increased by TdEno immunization. In conclusion, autoreactive anti-ENO1/mEno1 antibodies that are produced as byproducts during the antibody response to TdEno play a minimal role in the progression of periodontitis in the absence of rheumatoid arthritis.</P>
Conformationally resolved structures of jet-cooled acetaminophen by UV–UV hole-burning spectroscopy
Lee, Seung Jun,Min, Ahreum,Kim, Yusic,Ahn, Ahreum,Chang, Jinyoung,Lee, Sang Hak,Choi, Myong Yong,Kim, Seong Keun Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.13 No.37
<P>The conformational structures of jet-cooled acetaminophen were investigated in the gas phase by resonant 2-photon ionization and UV–UV hole-burning spectroscopy. In contrast to the results from a previous study, two nearly isoenergetic conformers were distinctly found in a supersonic molecular beam expansion and positively identified as the <I>cis</I> and <I>trans</I> isomers of acetaminophen by UV–UV hole-burning spectroscopy. The 0–0 bands of the <I>cis</I> and <I>trans</I> isomers were found at 33518.7 and 33485.6 cm<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. The vibronic bands of the two isomers are close-lying and/or partially overlapping due to the small energy difference (33 cm<SUP>−1</SUP>) between the two 0–0 bands. As a consequence, the recorded resonant 2-photon ionization spectrum is highly congested in the low excitation energy region, which develops continuously into a featureless, broadened spectrum in the high energy region.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Two ground state conformational isomers of acetaminophen, paracetamol, in its <I>cis</I>- and <I>trans</I>- forms, have been clearly and positively identified. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1cp21999e'> </P>