Toroidal rotation profile structure in KSTAR L-mode plasmas with mixed heating by NBI and ECH

Shi, Y.J.,Ko, S.H.,Kwon, J.M.,Ko, W.H.,Diamond, P.H.,Yi, S.,Ida, K.,Lee, K.D.,Jeong, J.H.,Seo, S.H.,Hahn, S.H.,Yoon, S.W.,Bae, Y.S.,Terzolo, L.,Yun, G.S.,Bitter, M.,Hill, K. IOP 2016 Nuclear fusion Vol.56 No.1

<P>The structure of the toroidal rotation profile with mixed heating by neutral beam injection (NBI) and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH) has been investigated in KSTAR L-mode plasmas. ECH with varying resonance layer positions was used for heating a mix control. The experimental results show that ECH causes a counter-current rotation increment both for off-axis and on-axis ECH heating. For L-mode plasmas, off-axis ECH produces larger counter-current rotation than on-axis ECH. Analysis of ion heat and momentum transport for the ECH L-mode plasmas shows that the electron temperature gradient is the main reason for the degradation of ion heat confinement and also the main driving force for the non-diffusive momentum flux. As a possible mechanism for the counter-current intrinsic torque with ECH, the transition of the turbulence mode from ion temperature gradient (ITG) to the trapped electron mode (TEM) with the resulting sign change of turbulence driven residual stress is suggested. A linear gyro-kinetic analysis shows the ITG  →  TEM transition occurs in a localized region during ECH injection, and the trend of TEM excitation is consistent with the observed macroscopic trend of the toroidal rotation.</P>

The Photocycle and Proton Translocation Pathway in a Cyanobacterial Ion-Pumping Rhodopsin

Miranda, M.R.M.,Choi, A.R.,Shi, L.,Bezerra, A.G.,Jung, K.H.,Brown, L.S. Biophysical Society ; Published for the Biophysica 2009 Biophysical journal Vol.96 No.4

The genome of thylakoidless cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus encodes a fast-cycling rhodopsin capable of light-driven proton transport. We characterize the dark state, the photocycle, and the proton translocation pathway of GR spectroscopically. The dark state of GR contains predominantly all-trans-retinal and, similar to proteorhodopsin, does not show the light/dark adaptation. We found an unusually strong coupling between the conformation of the retinal and the site of Glu<SUP>132</SUP>, the homolog of Asp<SUP>96</SUP> of BR. Although the photocycle of GR is similar to that of proteorhodopsin in general, it differs in accumulating two intermediates typical for BR, the L-like and the N-like states. The latter state has a deprotonated cytoplasmic proton donor and is spectrally distinct from the strongly red-shifted N intermediate known for proteorhodopsin. The proton uptake precedes the release and occurs during the transition to the O intermediate. The proton translocation pathway of GR is similar to those of other proton-pumping rhodopsins, involving homologs of BR Schiff base proton acceptor and donor Asp<SUP>85</SUP> and Asp<SUP>96</SUP> (Asp<SUP>121</SUP> and Glu<SUP>132</SUP>). We assigned a pair of FTIR bands (positive at 1749 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> and negative at 1734 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) to the protonation and deprotonation, respectively, of these carboxylic acids.

Temporal-spatial structures of plasmas flows and turbulence around tearing mode islands in the edge tokamak plasmas

Zhao, K.J.,Nagashima, Y.,Li, F.M.,Shi, Yuejiang,Diamond, P.H.,Dong, J.Q.,Itoh, K.,Itoh, S.-I.,Zhuang, G.,Liu, H.,Chen, Z.P.,Cheng, J.,Nie, L.,Ding, Y.H.,Hu, Q.M.,Chen, Z.Y.,Rao, B.,Cheng, Z.F.,Gao, L. IOP 2017 Nuclear fusion Vol.57 No.12

<P>The temporal-spatial structures of plasma flows and turbulence around tearing mode islands are presented. The experiments were performed using Langmuir probe arrays in the edge plasmas of J-TEXT tokamak. The correlation analyses clearly show that the flows have similar structures of <I>m</I>/<I>n</I>  =  3/1 as the magnetic island does (<I>m</I> and <I>n</I> are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively). The sign of the potential fluctuations for the flows inverses and the powers significantly reduce at <I>q</I>  =  3 surface. Approaching to the last closed flux surface for the magnetic islands, the radially elongated flow structure forms. The flows are concentrated near separatrix and show quadrupole structures. The turbulence is concentrated near X-point and partly trapped inside the magnetic islands.</P>

R&D Status of High-current Accelerators at IFP

J. J. Deng,J. S. Shi,W. P. Xie,L. W. Zhang,K. Z. Zhang,S. P. Feng,J. Li,M. Wang,Y. He,L. S. Xia,Z. Y. Dai,H. T. Li,L. Wen,S. F. Chen,X. Li,Q. G. Lai,M. H. Xia,Y. C. Guan,S. Y. Song,L. Chen 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61

High-current accelerators have many important applications in Z-pinches, high-power microwaves, and free electron lasers, imploding liners and radiography and so on. Research activities on Zpinches, imploding liners, radiography at the Institute of Fluid Physics (IFP) are introduced. Several main high-current accelerators developed and being developed at IFP are described, such as the Linear Induction Accelerator X-Ray Facility Upgrade (LIAXFU, 12 MeV, 2.5 kA, 90 ns), the Dragon-I linear induction accelerator (20 MeV, 2.5 kA, 60 ns), and the Primary Test Stand for Z-pinch (PTS, 10 MA, 120 ns). The design of Dragon-II linear induction accelerator (20 MeV, 2.5 kA, 3 × 60 ns) to be built will be presented briefly.

COMBUSTION STABILITY OF DIESEL-FUELED HCCI

Shi, L.,Deng, K.,Cui, Y. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2007 International journal of automotive technology Vol.8 No.4

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) shows great potential for low $NO_x$ emission but is hampered by the problem of no direct method to control the combustion process. Therefore, HCCI combustion becomes unstable easily, especially at lower and higher engine load. This paper presents a method to achieve diesel-fueled HCCI combustion, which involves directly injecting diesel fuel into the cylinder before the piston arrives at top dead center in the exhaust stroke and adjusting the valve overlap duration to trap more high temperature residual gas in the cylinder. The combustion stability of diesel-fueled HCCI combustion and the effects of engine load, speed, and valve overlap on it are the main points of investigation. The results show that: diesel-fueled HCCI combustion has two-stage heat release rate (low temperature and high temperature heat release) and very low $NO_x$ emission, combustion stability of the HCCI engine is worse at lower load because of misfire and at higher load because of knock, the increase in engine speed aids combustion stability at lower load because the heat loss is reduced, and increasing negative valve overlap can increase in-cylinder temperature which aids combustion stability at lower load but harms it at higher load.

A single institution experience with robotic and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomies

Shi Qing Lee,Tousif Kabir,Ye-Xin Koh,Jin-Yao Teo,Ser-Yee Lee,Juinn-Huar Kam,Peng-Chung Cheow,Prema Raj Jeyaraj,Pierce K. H. Chow,London L. Ooi,Alexander Y. F. Chung,Chung-Yip Chan,Brian K. P. Goh 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.3

Backgrounds/Aims: This study aims to describe our experience with minimally-invasive distal pancreatectomies, with emphasis on the comparison between robotic distal pancreatectomy (RDP) and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP). Methods: Retrospective review of 102 consecutive RDP and LDP from 2006 to 2019 was performed. Results: There were 27 and 75 patients who underwent RDP and LDP, respectively. There were 12 (11.8%) open conversions and 16 (15.7%) patients had major (>grade 2) morbidities. Patients who underwent RDP had significantly higher rates of splenic preservation (44.4% vs. 13.3%, p=0.002), higher rates of splenic-vessel preservation (40.7% vs. 9.3%, p=0.001), higher median difficulty score (5 vs. 3, p=0.002) but longer operation time (385 vs. 245 minutes, p<0.001). The rate of open conversion tended to be lower with RDP (3.7% vs. 14.7%, p=0.175). Conclusions: In our institution practice, both RDP and LDP were safe and effective. The use of RDP appeared to be complementary to LDP, allowing us to perform more difficult procedures with comparable postoperative outcomes.

Combustion Stability of Diesel-fueled HCCI

L. SHI,K. DENG,Y. CUI 한국자동차공학회 2007 International journal of automotive technology Vol.8 No.4

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) shows great potential for low NOx emission but is hampered by the problem of no direct method to control the combustion process. Therefore, HCCI combustion becomes unstable easily, especially at lower and higher engine load. This paper presents a method to achieve diesel-fueled HCCI combustion, which involves directly injecting diesel fuel into the cylinder before the piston arrives at top dead center in the exhaust stroke and adjusting the valve overlap duration to trap more high temperature residual gas in the cylinder. The combustion stability of diesel-fueled HCCI combustion and the effects of engine load, speed, and valve overlap on it are the main points of investigation. The results show that: diesel-fueled HCCI combustion has two-stage heat release rate (low temperature and high temperature heat release) and very low NOx emission, combustion stability of the HCCI engine is worse at lower load because of misfire and at higher load because of knock, the increase in engine speed aids combustion stability at lower load because the heat loss is reduced, and increasing negative valve overlap can increase incylinder temperature which aids combustion stability at lower load but harms it at higher load.

Prediction of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy Content of Rice Bran Fed to Growing Pigs

Shi, C.X.,Liu, Z.Y.,Shi, M.,Li, P.,Zeng, Z.K.,Liu, L.,Huang, C.F.,Zhu, Z.P.,Li, D.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of 19 rice bran samples and to develop prediction equations for DE and ME based on their chemical composition. The 19 rice bran samples came from different rice varieties, processing methods and regions. The basal diet was formulated using corn and soybean meal (74.43% corn and 22.91% soybean meal and 2.66% vitamins and minerals). The 19 experimental diets based on a mixture of corn, soybean meal and 29.2% of each source of rice bran, respectively. In Exp. 1, 108 growing barrows ($32.1{\pm}4.2kg$) were allotted to 1 of 18 treatments according to a completely randomized design with 6 pigs per treatment. The treatment 1 was the control group which was fed with basal diet. The treatments 2 to 18 were fed with experimental diets. In Exp. 2, two additional rice bran samples were measured to verify the prediction equations developed in Exp. 1. A control diet and two rice bran diets were fed to 18 growing barrows ($34.6{\pm}3.5kg$). The control and experimental diets formulations were the same as diets in Exp. 1. The results showed that the DE ranged from 14.48 to 16.85 (mean 15.84) MJ/kg of dry matter while the ME ranged from 12.49 to 15.84 (mean 14.31) MJ/kg of dry matter. The predicted values of DE and ME of the two additional samples in Exp. 2 were very close to the measured values.

Impact of hematologic toxicities during concurrent chemoradiation for cervical cancer

Feiya Shi,Alison K. Yoder,Claire Mach,Shraddha Dalwadi,Matthew L Anderson,Tracilyn R Hall,Michelle S Ludwig 대한산부인과학회 2022 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.65 No.2

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic significance of hematological toxicities during cervical cancer treatment. MethodsPatients treated for cervical carcinoma with definitive chemoradiation were identified. Toxicities were assessed duringweeks 1 to 6 of concurrent external beam radiation and chemotherapy. Outcomes were analyzed using Cox regressionanalysis. ResultsOne hundred twenty-one patients with Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I-III disease were eligible foranalysis. Median age at diagnosis was 45 years (interquartile range, 40-52) with median follow-up time of 34 months(95% confidence interval, 30.8-37.2). All patients experienced some grade of hematologic toxicity. The most commongrade 3+ toxicities were low absolute lymphocyte count (n=115, 95%), low white blood cell count (n=21, 17%), andanemia (n=11, 9%). The most common grade 4 toxicity was lymphopenia, experienced by 36% of patients (n=44). Grade 4 lymphopenia was associated with reduced overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 4.5; P=0.005), progressionfreesurvival (HR, 3.4; P=0.001), and local control (HR, 4.1; P=0.047). Anemia grade 3, 4 was also associated withreduced overall survival (HR, 4.1; P=0.014). After controlling for disease and treatment variables, grade 4 lymphopeniaremained significantly associated with reduced overall survival (HR, 9.85; P=0.007). The association with grade 4lymphopenia only remained significant in women of Hispanic ethnicity. ConclusionSevere lymphopenia was associated with reduced overall survival and progression-free survival in Hispanic womenundergoing definitive chemoradiation for cervical cancer, but not associated with outcomes in non-Hispanic women.

Photoluminescent properties and site occupation preference in Bi³⁺, Eu³⁺ doped CaY₄(SiO₄)₃O phosphor

Wang, L.,Moon, B.K.,Choi, B.C.,Kim, J.H.,Shi, J.,Jeong, J.H. Ceramurgica ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.42 No.11

Bi<SUP>3+</SUP>, Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> doped CaY<SUB>4</SUB>(SiO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>O phosphors were synthesized through high temperature solid state reaction. Their photoluminescent properties were investigated and site occupation preference of Bi<SUP>3+</SUP> in cationic sites was analyzed. The structure of CaY<SUB>4</SUB>(SiO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>O is characterized by three non-equivalent cationic sites with different coordination and cation-oxygen distances. By means of dielectric theory of the chemical bond for complex crystals, several kinds of chemical bond parameters like fractional covalence of CaY<SUB>4</SUB>(SiO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>O were calculated and integrated to yield environmental factor h<SUB>e</SUB>. According to quantitative equations between the transition energy of Bi<SUP>3+</SUP> and environmental factor h<SUB>e</SUB>, the excitation bands at 308 and 226nm were assigned to <SUP>1</SUP>S<SUB>0</SUB>→<SUP>3</SUP>P<SUB>1</SUB> transition of Bi<SUP>3+</SUP> in Y(6h) and Y(4f) site, respectively. Another excitation band centered at 210nm should be the overlap of Bi<SUP>3+</SUP>A-band in Ca site and C-band in Y(6h) site. Optical band gap of pure CYSO was calculated using Kubelka-Munk method from diffuse reflectance spectra. Red emission can be realized in CaY<SUB>4</SUB>(SiO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>O:Bi<SUP>3+</SUP>, Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> under UV light excitation because of efficient energy transfer from Bi<SUP>3+</SUP> to Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> and decay behaviors of Bi<SUP>3+</SUP> and Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> emission were investigated. Without optimization, the internal quantum efficiency of CYSO:2%Bi<SUP>3+</SUP>, 7%Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> at 310 and 393nm excitations were 31.563%, 74.252%, respectively.