Solid Phase Extraction of Phospholipids from Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and Their Characterization by Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Lima, Bruna R. De,Silva, Felipe M.A. Da,Koolen, Hector H.F.,Almeida, Richardson A. De,Souza, Afonso D.L. De Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2014 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.5 No.4

The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa - Lecythidaceae) is considered a product with high economic value, being a food widely appreciated for its nutritional qualities. Although previous studies have reported the biochemical composition of Brazil nut oil, the knowledge regarding the phospholipid composition exhibits a disagreement: the composition of fatty acids present in the structures of phospholipids is reported as being different from the composition of the free fatty acids present in the oil. In this work, solid phase extraction (SPE) was employed to provide a fast extraction of the phospholipids from Brazil nuts, in order to compare the phospholipid profile of the in nature nuts and their fatty acids precursor present in the oil. The major phospholipids were characterized by mass spectrometry approach. Their fragmentation pattern through direct infusion electrospray ionization ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry ($ESI-IT-MS^2$) proved to be useful to unequivocal characterization of these substances. High resolution (HR) experiments through ESI using a quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF) system were performed to reinforce the identifications.

Mineral Metabolism in Singleton and Twin-pregnant Dairy Goats

C.J. Harter,D.S. Castagnino,A.R. Rivera,L.D. Lima,H.G.O. Silva,A.N. Mendonca,G.F. Bonfim,A. Liesegang,N. St-Pierre,I.A.M.A. Teixeira 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1

During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes significant physiological changes. The present study assessed the changes on calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) metabolism in singleton and twin-pregnant dairy goats. The 42 goats used (49.5 kg±7.6 body weight [BW]) were assigned at random to treatments that were factorially arranged to account for 2 breeds (Oberhasli and Saanen), 2 pregnancy types (singleton and twin) and 3 gestation periods (80, 110, and 140 days). Digestibility trials were performed at 80, 110, and 140 days of gestation. Mineral retention during pregnancy was determined in the maternal body, femur, uterus, mammary gland, fetus and fetal fluid. Blood samples were taken during pregnancy before and after a meal, and Ca, P, Mg, Na, K ions and alkaline phosphatase activity determined in serum. Bone mineral density was determined in the right femur. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS MIXED procedure. Dry matter intake decreased linearly up to 140 days of gestation. Maternal BW gain, and Ca, P, and Mg retention (g/kg) decreased linearly with the advance of gestation days. Macromineral retention in maternal body (g/kg) was greater in Oberhasli than Saanen goats, and their fetuses had higher Ca, P, and Mg deposition (mg/g). Mineral retention (mg/g) increased in fetuses according to pregnancy development, with no differences between singleton and twin pregnancy. In the mammary gland, the retention of all minerals (g) increased with the days of pregnancy. In conclusion, related to Ca, P, and Mg metabolism can be divided into two stages. Up to 80 days of gestation, was characterized by the preparation of the maternal body reserves for future mineral demands. From 80 days of gestation onward, was characterized by the transfer of maternal body reserves for fetal development and colostrum production. Na and K supply was provided by adjustments in endogenous excretion and an increase in intestinal absorption. Finally, mineral metabolism was specific to each genotype and, except for Na, was not affected by the number of fetuses.

Mineral Metabolism in Singleton and Twin-pregnant Dairy Goats

Harter, C.J.,Castagnino, D.S.,Rivera, A.R.,Lima, L.D.,Silva, H.G.O.,Mendonca, A.N.,Bonfim, G.F.,Liesegang, A.,St-Pierre, N.,Teixeira, I.A.M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.1

During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes significant physiological changes. The present study assessed the changes on calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) metabolism in singleton and twin-pregnant dairy goats. The 42 goats used ($49.5kg{\pm}7.6$ body weight [BW]) were assigned at random to treatments that were factorially arranged to account for 2 breeds (Oberhasli and Saanen), 2 pregnancy types (singleton and twin) and 3 gestation periods (80, 110, and 140 days). Digestibility trials were performed at 80, 110, and 140 days of gestation. Mineral retention during pregnancy was determined in the maternal body, femur, uterus, mammary gland, fetus and fetal fluid. Blood samples were taken during pregnancy before and after a meal, and Ca, P, Mg, Na, K ions and alkaline phosphatase activity determined in serum. Bone mineral density was determined in the right femur. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS MIXED procedure. Dry matter intake decreased linearly up to 140 days of gestation. Maternal BW gain, and Ca, P, and Mg retention (g/kg) decreased linearly with the advance of gestation days. Macromineral retention in maternal body (g/kg) was greater in Oberhasli than Saanen goats, and their fetuses had higher Ca, P, and Mg deposition (mg/g). Mineral retention (mg/g) increased in fetuses according to pregnancy development, with no differences between singleton and twin pregnancy. In the mammary gland, the retention of all minerals (g) increased with the days of pregnancy. In conclusion, related to Ca, P, and Mg metabolism can be divided into two stages. Up to 80 days of gestation, was characterized by the preparation of the maternal body reserves for future mineral demands. From 80 days of gestation onward, was characterized by the transfer of maternal body reserves for fetal development and colostrum production. Na and K supply was provided by adjustments in endogenous excretion and an increase in intestinal absorption. Finally, mineral metabolism was specific to each genotype and, except for Na, was not affected by the number of fetuses.

Solid Phase Extraction of Phospholipids from Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and Their Characterization by Mass Spectrometry Analysis

( Bruna R. De Lima ),( Felipe M. A. Da Silva ),( Hector H. F. Koolen ),( Richardson A. De Almeida ),( Afonso D. L. De Souza ) 한국질량분석학회 2014 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.5 No.4

The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa - Lecythidaceae) is considered a product with high economic value, being a food widely appreciated for its nutritional qualities. Although previous studies have reported the biochemical composition of Brazil nut oil, the knowledge regarding the phospholipid composition exhibits a disagreement: the composition of fatty acids present in the structures of phospholipids is reported as being different from the composition of the free fatty acids present in the oil. In this work, solid phase extraction (SPE) was employed to provide a fast extraction of the phospholipids from Brazil nuts, in order to compare the phospholipid profile of the in nature nuts and their fatty acids precursor present in the oil. The major phospholipids were characterized by mass spectrometry approach. Their fragmentation pattern through direct infusion electrospray ionization ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS2) proved to be useful to unequivocal characterization of these substances. High resolution (HR) experiments through ESI using a quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF) system were performed to reinforce the identifications.

Effects of Feeding Licury (Syagrus coronate) Cake to Growing Goats

Borja, M.S.,Oliveira, R.L.,Ribeiro, C.V.D.M.,Bagaldo, A.R.,Carvalho, G.G.P.,Silva, T.M.,Lima, L.S.,Barbosa, L.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.11

The objectives of this study were to determine the highest inclusion of licury (Syagrus coronate) cake in the diet of growing Boer goats without adverse effects on intake and digestibility and to determine its effects on ingestive behavior and physiological responses. Twenty entire, one year old 3/4 Boer goats, 18.1 kg (DS = 2.2) average body weight (BW), were allocated to dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each animal was confined in a $1.0\;m^2$ pen with a suspended floor and given ad libitum access to clean, fresh water. Diets were formulated to meet NRC (2007) requirements and the ingredients were: 50% of Tifton-85 (Cynodon sp.) hay, corn meal, soybean meal, mineral and vitamin premix, and licury cake. The treatments were: i) no addition of licury cake to the diet, ii) 15% (DM basis) addition of licury cake, iii) 30% licury cake and, iv) 45% licury cake. The experiment lasted for 17 days; the first 10 days were used to adapt the animals to the diets and facilities. The inclusion of licury cake increased the fiber concentration of the diets; however, there was no effect on either dry matter (DM) or organic matter (OM) intake. There was a linear increase (p<0.05) in the EE content of the diet as the addition of licury cake increased; however, EE intake did not differ (p>0.05) between treatments. The digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) decreased with increasing inclusion of licury cake, as did NFC intake. The efficiency of ingestion of DM and NDF presented a negative quadratic effect with the inclusion of licury cake. Results from this study indicate that licury cake can be fed to goats at up to 45% of the diet without adverse effects on either intake or digestibility.

Natural fluorescent red colorants produced by Talaromyces amestolkiae as promising coloring agents for custom-made latex gloves

Cassamo U. Mussagy,Ariane A. Oshiro,Caio A. Lima,Camila F. Amantino,Fernando L. Primo,Valéria C. Santos-Ebinuma,Rondinelli D. Herculano 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.119 No.-

Synthetic-based colorants have been extensively used in several industries, viz., cosmeceutical, feed,pharmaceuticals, food and textile. However, the growing awareness of potential teratogenicity, carcinogenicityand environmental concerns of certain synthetic colorants have expressed several limitationsregarding their use in some products. These limitations, justifies the motivation to look for ecofriendlyalternatives (cf., natural colorants) to be used as coloring agents for industrial applications. The filamentous fungi Talaromyces amestolkiae appeared as a promising source of natural fluorescentred colorant (NFRC) for the development of custom-made latex gloves. In this study, some basic colorantproperties, including 3D-fluorescence and CIELAB color characteristics were first investigated systematicallybefore their incorporation in natural rubber latex (NRL) films. The NFRC-NRL films properties wereevaluated by physicochemical tests and toxicity through cell viability using 3T3 fibroblasts, wherein eluateof NFRC-NRL films (2.28 AU) revealed viability >70 % (exposing the biocompatibility). Regardless ofthe strategy proposed, it is shown as a proof-of-concept the potential application of NFRC in the NRLmatrix as a biocompatible alternative to produce sustainable commercial colored custom-made latexgloves.

Variability of global net sea–air CO₂ fluxes over the last three decades using empirical relationships

PARK, GEUN‐,HA,WANNINKHOF, RIK,DONEY, SCOTT C.,TAKAHASHI, TARO,LEE, KITACK,FEELY, RICHARD A.,SABINE, CHRISTOPHER L.,TRIÑ,ANES, JOAQUIN,LIMA, IVAN D. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorolog Vol.62 No.5

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The interannual variability of net sea–air CO<SUB>2</SUB> flux for the period 1982–2007 is obtained from a diagnostic model using empirical subannual relationships between climatological CO<SUB>2</SUB> partial pressure in surface seawater (<I>p</I>CO<SUB>2SW</SUB>) and sea surface temperature (SST), along with interannual changes in SST and wind speed. These optimum subannual relationships show significantly better correlation between <I>p</I>CO<SUB>2SW</SUB> and SST than the previous relationships using fixed monthly boundaries. Our diagnostic model yields an interannual variability of ±0.14 PgC yr<SUP>−1</SUP> (1σ) with a 26‐year mean of −1.48 PgC yr<SUP>−1</SUP>. The greatest interannual variability is found in the Equatorial Pacific, and significant variability is also found at northern and southern high‐latitudes, depending in part, on which wind product is used. We provide an assessment of our approach by applying it to <I>p</I>CO<SUB>2SW</SUB> and SST output from a prognostic global biogeochemical ocean model. Our diagnostic approach applied to this model output shows reasonable agreement with the prognostic model net sea–air CO<SUB>2</SUB> fluxes in terms of magnitude and phase of variability, suggesting that our diagnostic approach can capture much of the observed variability on regional to global scale. A notable exception is that our approach shows significantly less variability than the prognostic model in the Southern Ocean.</P>