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The Impact of Opioid Treatment on Regional Gastrointestinal Transit
( Jakob L Poulsen ),( Matias Nilsson ),( Christina Brock ),( Thomas H Sandberg ),( Klaus Krogh ),( Asbjørn M Drewes ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.2
Background/Aims To employ an experimental model of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction in healthy human volunteers, and evaluate the impact of opioid treatment compared to placebo on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and motility assessed by questionnaires and regional GI transit times using the 3-dimensional (3D)-Transit system. Methods Twenty-five healthy males were randomly assigned to oxycodone or placebo for 5 days in a double blind, crossover design. Adverse GI effects were measured with the bowel function index, gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, patient assessment of constipation symptom questionnaire, and Bristol stool form scale. Regional GI transit times were determined using the 3D-Transit system, and segmental transit times in the colon were determined using a custom Matlab® graphical user interface. Results GI symptom scores increased significantly across all applied GI questionnaires during opioid treatment. Oxycodone increased median total GI transit time from 22.2 to 43.9 hours (P < 0.001), segmental transit times in the cecum and ascending colon from 5.7 to 9.9 hours (P = 0.012), rectosigmoid colon transit from 2.7 to 9.0 hours (P = 0.044), and colorectal transit time from 18.6 to 38.6 hours (P = 0.001). No associations between questionnaire scores and segmental transit times were detected. Conclusions Self-assessed GI adverse effects and increased GI transit times in different segments were induced during oxycodone treatment. This detailed information about segmental changes in motility has great potential for future interventional head-to-head trials of different laxative regimes for prevention and treatment of constipation. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:282-291)
Choi, J.,Zielke, C.,Nilsson, L.,Lee, S. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Vol.409 No.19
<P>The macromolecular composition of beer is largely determined by the brewing and the mashing process. It is known that the physico-chemical properties of proteinaceous and polysaccharide molecules are closely related to the mechanism of foam stability. Three types of 'American pale ale' style beer were prepared using different mashing protocols. The foam stability of the beers was assessed using the Derek Rudin standard method. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) in combination with ultraviolet (UV), multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detectors was used to separate the macromolecules present in the beers and the molar mass (M) and molar mass distributions (MD) were determined. Macromolecular components were identified by enzymatic treatments with beta-glucanase and proteinase K. The MD of beta-glucan ranged from 10(6) to 10(8) g/mol. In addition, correlation between the beer's composition and foam stability was investigated (increased concentration of protein and beta-glucan was associated with increased foam stability).</P>
Bovine β-casein has a polydisperse distribution of equilibrium micelles
Cragnell, C.,Choi, J.,Segad, M.,Lee, S.,Nilsson, L.,Skepö,, M. Elsevier 2017 Food hydrocolloids Vol.70 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>β-casein, a self-associating protein, has been extensively studied over the years, and it is a molecule that is of academic, industrial, and clinical relevance. Therefore it is of interest to understand the structural and conformational properties of the assemblies, also denoted micelles. Here we show that β-casein possess a polydisperse distribution of equilibrium micelles, which has, to the authors knowledge, not been published before.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> β-casein possesses a polydisperse distribution of equilibrium micelles. </LI> <LI> Osmometry, small-angle X-ray scattering, and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation have been applied. </LI> <LI> Osmometry indicates the smaller micelles, SAXS indicates the medium size micelles, and AF4, gives information about the full range. </LI> <LI> Polydisperse distribution of equilibrium micelles with association numbers from monomer to 200-mers. </LI> <LI> The radius of gyration spans from 20 to 100 nm for micelles with the size of micelles between 30 and 200 proteins per micelle. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Light-Ion Production in 175 MeV Neutron-Induced Reactions on Oxygen
U. Tippawan,T. Vilaithong,S. Pomp,P. Andersson,R. Bevilacqua,J. Blomgren,C. Gustavsson,L. Nilsson,M. Osterlund,V. Simutkin,H. Sjostrand,M. Hayashi,S. Hirayama,Y. Naitou,Y. Watanabe,A. Hjalmarsson,A. P 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
Data on light-ion production in light nuclei such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are particularly important in calculations of dose distributions in human tissue for radiation therapy at neutron beams, and for dosimetry of high energy neutrons produced by high-energy cosmic radiation interacting with nuclei (nitrogen and oxygen) in the atmosphere. When studying neutron dose effects, special consideration on carbon and oxygen is needed since they are, by weight, the most abundant elements in human tissue. The MEDLEY setup at The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL), Uppsala, Sweden has been used to measure such data with double-differential cross sections (DDX) for the (n,xp), (n,xd), (n,xt), (n,^3He), and (n,α) reactions from C, O, Si, Ca, Fe, Pb, and U around 96 MeV. At the new Uppsala neutron beam facility the available energy range of quasi mono-energetic neutron beams is extended up to 175 MeV. The detector setup used in MEDLEY consists of eight so-called telescopes mounted at different angles inside an evacuated reaction chamber. Each of the telescopes consists of two fully depleted ΔE silicon surface barrier detectors (SSBD) and a CsI(Tl) crystal. In order to make measurements at this higher neutron energy possible some changes in the detector setup compared to the campaign at 96 MeV were applied Accordingly, the second ΔE detectors have been replaced by 1000 μm thick SSBDs as well as the size of the crystals used as E detectors was increased to a total length of 100 mm and a diameter of 50 mm. The ΔE - E technique is used to identify the light ions, and cutoff energies as low as 2.5 MeV for protons and 4.0 MeV for alpha particles are achieved. The data are normalised relative to elastic np scattering measured in one of the telescopes at 20 degrees. Preliminary DDXs for oxygen are presented and compared with theoretical calculations.
Molecular signatures of transgenerational response to ocean acidification in a species of reef fish
Schunter, Celia,Welch, Megan ,J.,Ryu, Taewoo,Zhang, Huoming,Berumen, Michael ,L.,Nilsson, Gö,ran ,E.,Munday, Philip ,L.,Ravasi, Timothy Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2016 Nature climate change Vol.6 No.11
<P>The impact of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems will depend on species capacity to adapt(1,2). Recent studies show that the behaviour of reef fishes is impaired at projected CO2 levels(3,4); however, individual variation exists that might promote adaptation. Here, we show a clear signature of parental sensitivity to high CO2 in the brain molecular phenotype of juvenile spiny damselfish, Acanthochromis polyacanthus, primarily driven by circadian rhythm genes. Offspring of CO2-tolerant and CO2-sensitive parents were reared at near-future CO2 (754 mu atm) or present-day control levels (414 mu atm). By integrating 33 brain transcriptomes and proteomes with a de novo assembled genome we investigate the molecular responses of the fish brain to increased CO2 and the expression of parental tolerance to high CO2 in the offspring molecular phenotype. Exposure to high CO2 resulted in differential regulation of 173 and 62 genes and 109 and 68 proteins in the tolerant and sensitive groups, respectively. Importantly, the majority of differences between offspring of tolerant and sensitive parents occurred in high CO2 conditions. This transgenerational molecular signature suggests that individual variation in CO2 sensitivity could facilitate adaptation of fish populations to ocean acidification.</P>
Measurements of Inelastic Neutron Scattering at 96 MeV from Carbon, Iron, Yttriumand Lead
A. Ohrn,C. Gustavsson,M. Blann,V. Blideanu,J. Blomgren,S. Chiba,H. Duarte,F. Haddad,C. Kalbach,J. Klug,A. Koning,C. Le brun,C. Lebrun,F. -R. Lecolley,X. Ledoux,N. Marie-noury,P. Mermod,L. Nilsson,M. O 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
Inelastic neutron scattering for ^(12)C, ^(56)Fe, ^(89)Y and ^(208)Pb have been measured at 96 MeV at the The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala and double-differential cross sections are reported. Data cover an excitation energy range of 0-45 MeV and the angular intervals are 28 - 58˚ for ^(12)C, 26 - 65˚ for ^(56)Fe and 26 - 52˚ for ^(89)Y and ^(208)Pb. In this experiment, neutron detection is based on conversion to protons in an active scintillator converter. An analysis technique in which the neutron spectra have been obtained through a folding procedure using the response of the detector system has been used. The results are compared to and are in reasonable agreement with several model predictions and with inelastic neutron scattering data at 65 MeV from University of California, Davis, USA.