Paricalcitol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis in proximal tubular cells through the prostaglandin E₂ receptor EP4

( Yu Ah Hong ),( Keum Jin Yang ),( So Young Jung ),( Yoon Kyung Chang ),( Cheol Whee Park ),( Chul Woo Yang ),( Suk Young Kim ),( Hyeon Seok Hwang ) 대한신장학회 2017 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.36 No.2

Background: Vitamin D is considered to exert a protective effect on various renal diseases but its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether paricalcitol attenuates inflammation and apoptosis during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal proximal tubular cell injury through the prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) receptor EP4. Methods: Human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were pretreated with paricalcitol (2 ng/mL) for 1 hour and exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL). The effects of paricalcitol pretreatment in relation to an EP4 blockade using AH-23848 or EP4 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were investigated. Results: The expression of cyclooxygenase-2, PGE₂, and EP4 were significantly increased in LPS-exposed HK-2 cells treated with paricalcitol compared with cells exposed to LPS only. Paricalcitol prevented cell death induced by LPS exposure, and the cotreatment of AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA offset these cell-protective effects. The phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) were decreased and the phosphorylation of Akt was increased in LPS-exposed cells with paricalcitol treatment. AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA inhibited the suppressive effects of paricalcitol on p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation and the activation of Akt. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells were attenuated by paricalcitol in LPS exposed HK-2 cells. The cotreatment with an EP4 antagonist abolished these anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Conclusion: EP4 plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects through Akt and NF-κB signaling after paricalcitol pretreatment in LPS-induced renal proximal tubule cell injury.

A Case Study: Effects of Analogy on EFL korean College Sutdent's English Reading Comprehension

유경아 목원대학교 교양교육혁신연구센터 2019 지식과 교양 Vol.- No.4

제 2 외국어 학습자들이 수정되지 않은 실제 영어 원문을 읽을 때 익숙 하지 않은 개념이나 단어를 만나 독해를 성공적으로 못하는 경우가 발생한 다. 이전연구에서 보여주듯이 제 2외국어 독자들은 과학과 같은 내용중심 기반 수업에서 실제 모르는 단어를 만나 독해에 어려움을 겪어 지문의 수정 이 다양하게 시도 되었다. 이 연구에서는 영어 능숙도가 높은 집단과 낮 은 집단이 유추적 표현을 사용한 영어지문과 사용되지 않은 지문을 읽을 때 읽기 이해력이 어떻게 달라지는 알아보았다. 읽기 이해력 측정이전에 학습자들의 배경지식을 측정되었으며 이후에 지문을 읽고 회상과업과 객 관식 문항을 각기 풀었다. 지문을 읽고 기억나는 것을 쓰게 하는 회상과 업에서는 두 집단 모두 유추적 표현지문을 읽을 때보다 원래 지문을 읽을 때 기억을 더 많이 한 것으로 나타났다, 하지만 두 집단 모두 유추적 지문 을 읽을 때 지문에 대한 이해력은 그렇지 않을 때보다 높게 나타났다

곡류 중의 섬유질이 흰쥐의 무기질 흡수율에 미치는 영향

정경아,장유경 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 1996 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.14

This study was performed to investigate the effect of cereal fibers on mineral apparent absorption in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180±4g were divided into five groups by completely randomized block design : R, BR, B, W and F. Each group fed a diet containing a kind of cereal among rice (R), brown rice (BR), barley (B), whole wheat (W) and wheat flour (F) for 5 weeks. The results were summarized as follows : 1) Food intake, weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were not significantly different among the groups 2) Fecal Ca was significantly the most in the W group compared to the others. And Ca apparent absorption was significantly lower in the W, B and BR group than in the other two groups. 3) Fecal P was significantly more in the W, B and BR groups than in the other two groups. And P apparent absorption was significantly lower in the W, B, and BR groups than in the other two groups. 4) Fecal Mg was significantly more in the W, B, BR groups than in the other two groups. And Mg apparent absorption was significantly lower in the W, B, BR groups than in the other two groups. 5) Fecal Zn was significantly the most in the W group compared to the others. And Zn apparent absorption was significantly the lowest in the W group compared to the others. 6) Comparing absorption of minerals at the first and last week, absorption of minerals except Zn was increased at the last week. From the results of this study, we can decide that cereals containing much insoluble dietary fiber can interrupt the apparent absorption of minerals

폐경 후 여성의 심혈관질환 예방을 위한 식사중재에 대한 준수도(adherence) 평가

정경아,김상연,우정익,장유경 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 2001 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.19

The purpose of this study is to assess the adherence to dietary intervention for prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in postmenopausal women by observing changes of antioxidant vitamins and fatty acid composition in dietary intake and seam level. The subjects with hypercholesterolemia (TC≥240mg/dl) were treated with one of hormone replacement therapy (HRT group), dietary intervention (DIET group) or combination of hormone replacement therapy and dietary intervention (HRT+DIET group) for 12 weeks. The results were as followed. Mean daily nutrient intakes were not significantly changed in the HRT group, but were significantly changed in the DIET group and the HRT+DIET group. Especially, dietary vitamin A and E intakes were increased from less than 75% to more than 90% of RDA for Korean in the two groups. With changes of dietary intakes, serum vitamin A and E levels were also significantly increased in the DIET group and tended to increase in the HRT+DIET group. Dietary fatty acid composition was also not significantly changed in the HRT group, but was significantly chanced in the DIET group and the HRT+DIET group. With changes of dietary fatty acid composition, serum phospholipid fatty acid composition was significantly changed in the DIET group and the HRT+DIET group although there was tendency of returning to initial value after 12 weeks. Judging from changes in serum phospholipid fatty acid composition, subjects' adherence to dietary intervention tended to decrease after 12 weeks. However, the changes of antioxidant vitamins and fatty acid composition in dietary intake were compatible with the changes of those in serum level, and we can conclude that dietary intervention was adhered quite well by subjects.

노년기 여성의 식이 섭취 조사를 위한 반정량 식품섭취빈도조사지 개발에 관한 연구

김상연,정경아,장유경 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 2000 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.18

A data based semiquantitative flood frequency questionnaire, which can be used in studies investigating relationship between diet and cardiovascular diseases in Korean elderly women, was developed. The questionnaire is a 30-minute, face-to-face administered instrument designed especially for assessing food and mixed dishes. Food items were selected from 3-day flood records. 140 food items were finally selected based on the frequency of consumption and the contribution of specific foods to the total population intake of the following 11 nutrients: energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, cholesterol, SFA, MUFA, PUFA, β -carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E. The percentage of total nutrient intake which each food provides is presented for the top 50 contributiors of each of the nutrients listed above, as well as the proportion of the population consuming them. Foods sometimes overlooked as important sources are found in some instances to be quantitatively important to population intake, such as carrot as an independent sources of carotenoids. Portion size of each food item was determined considering the mean and median values of the amounts consumed by subjects in the preliminary survey. Frequency of consumption was asked in nine categories ranging from more than 'three times a day' to 'almost never'. A nutrient database was compiled from many sources, but mostly from Korean nutrition society. This flood frequency questionnaire should be useful to epidemiologists with a substantive interest in dietary etiologies and it can reasonably estimate the usual dietary intakes among postmenopausal women for cardiovascular disease study, but shorter form of questionnaire and validation would be needed.

서비스 주체의 상호 협력 관계를 제공하는 멀티미디어 Qos 프레임워크

김태윤,장경아,유항재 高麗大學校附設 컴퓨터科學技術硏究所 1999 JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING TECHNOLO Vol.2 No.-

인터넷 사용자의 급속한 증가와 전자 상거래의 발달로 신뢰성, 보안성, 확장성, 유연성 등의 기본적인 요구 사항 뿐 아니라 멀티미디어 응용 서비스에 대한 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 멀티미디어 컴퓨팅과 커뮤니케이션은 네트워크, 통신망, 오퍼레이팅 시스템에서 다양한 메커니즘을 필요로 한다. 대규모 분산 환경에서 QoS는 Video-on-Demand, News-On-Demand 등의 단일 매체에 대한 서비스와는 다르게 응용 매체에 대한 우선 순위 부여 및 상호 협력 구조적 서비스 및 MPEG 비디오 서비스와 같은 멀티미디어 응용 서비스에 대한 지원 능력을 요구하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷을 기반으로 대단위 분산 시스템 환경에서 QoS를 지원하기 위한 통합적 QoS 프레임워크로 E-QoS 모델을 설계하였으며, 향후 이를 바탕으로 한 세부 메커니즘의 설계 방향을 제시하였다. The huge Internet and electronic commerce shall be provided not only basic requirements of reliability, security extendibility, flexibility but also adaptive application service of multimedia data. There are required a lot of mechanism for network, operating system in multimedia computing and communication. In large distributed computing, QoS shall be provided a priority allocation service and an interactive infrastructure service as like not single media service of Video-on-Demand, and News-on-Demand but multimedia application service of MPEG video service. In this paper, supporting large distributed computing based on Internet, we propose a E-QoS Model as Integrated QoS Framework, and propose a direction of design for specific mechanism in the future works.

고콜레스테롤혈증을 지닌 폐경 후 여성의 영양소 섭취 평가

김상연,정경아,장유경 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 2003 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.21

Women have a greater incidence of coronary heart disease(CHD) after menopause. It relates to hormone imbalance-induced changes in known CHD risk factors, especially hyperlipidemia. Accordingly, once women are diagnosed, the rate of morbidity and mortality is greater than for men. Thus, preventive strategies are critical to improve the quality of life in the later years for women. The purpose of this study was to explore the difference of nutrient intakes and diet quality based on nutrient intake between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia. The subjects were classified as normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia based on The Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia. The semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to measure dietary intakes of the subjects. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Intakes of nutrients such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals and antioxidant vitamins were not significantly different between normocholesterolemia group and hypercholesterolemia group. However, antioxidant vitamins and folate intakes in hypercholesterolemia group tended to be lower than those in normocholesterolmia group. Intakes of vitamin A, vitamin E, and Ca in normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia groups were below RDA. In particular, RDA for those nutrients in hypercholesterolemia was much less than RDA for those nutrients in normocholesterolemia. MAR and INQ in hypercholesterolemia group tended to be lower than those in normocholesterolemia. In particular, INQ of vitamin A was significantly(p<0.05) lower in hypercholesterolemia group than in normocholesterolemia group. These results indicate that it is important to use various diet quality index based on nutrient intake such as % RDA, NAR, MAR, and INQ to explore the relationship between blood cholesterol and nutrient intake. Key words : postmenopausal women, hypercholesterolemia,, % RDA, NAR, MAR, INQ

A Case Study of Teacher Coaching on Question Use

Yu, Kyung-Ah 배재대학교 주시경교양교육연구소 2017 대학교양교육연구 Vol.2 No.1

본 논문에서는 대학생들에게 영어를 가르치는 원어민 교수가 수업시간에 어떤 종류의 질문을 많이 사용하는지와 질문 유형에 대한 코칭 이후에 교실에서 질의하는 질문 유형에 변화가 있었는지 알아보았다. 또한, 질문 유형에 따른 학습자들의 발화 길이와 문장의 복잡성을 단어수와 문장의 절, 발화 단위로 비교하였다. 이를 위해 수업 관찰을 두 번 하여 수업시간에 사용한 교사의 질문을 빈도 분석하였다. 두 번째 교실 관찰 이전에, 교사 코칭이실시되었는데 주로 질문 유형을 스스로 파악하도록 하였다. 그 결과 코칭 전에 교수는 수업시간에 전시형(display question) 질문을 참고형(referential question) 질문보다 더 많이 사용하였으나 코칭 이후에는 참고형 질문을 더 많이 사용하였다. 또한 질문유형에 따른 학생들의 응답 길이와 구문론적 복잡성을 살펴본 결과, 학습자들이 전시형 질문보다 참조형 질문 일 때 응답이 훨씬 길고 구문론적으로 복잡하였다. 이 연구를 통해 교수자는 영어 질문 유형과 교실에서 자신이 사용하고 있는 질문 유형을 인지함에 따라 효과적인 의사소통 수업을 위해 자주 사용하는 질문유형이 달라질 수 있으며 학생 참여를 보다 더 활발하게 유도할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. This paper mainly focused on what types of questions were more employed in a Korean college-level English class and whether English-speaking teacher’s questioning behavior has been changed after the coaching on the teacher’s question use. To do this, classroom observations were conducted two times, and the teacher’s verbal talks were transcribed. Before the second observation, a teacher coaching session on question use was provided. The results showed that there were more display questions than referential in the teacher talk before the coaching. However, the teacher utilized referential questions more frequently than he did at the first observation. The findings also revealed that the students’ responses to referential questions were much longer and more syntactically complex than their responses to display questions, which led the class more interactive and let the students have responsibility for their learning.

Effect of moisture on sealing ability of root canal filling with different types of sealer through the glucose penetration model

Jang, Jin-Ah,Kim, Hee-Lyang,Her, Mi-Ja,Lee, Kwang-Won,Yu, Mi-Kyung 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.5

Objectives: To compared the effect of different levels of moisture of root canal on the sealing ability after filling with four different types of sealer. Materials and Methods: Single-rooted teeth (n = 90) instrumented to and apical size of 0.06 / 45 were randomly assigned to 12 experimental groups (n = 7 per group), positive/negative control groups (n = 3 per group). The teeth of the experimental groups (a. DRY; b. PAPER POINT DRY; c. WET) were obturated with sealer (Group 1-3: Sealapex; Group 4-6: AH plus; Group 7-9: Tubuli-seal; Group 10-12: EndoRez) and warm vertical compaction method. After 7 days in 37˚C, 100% humidity, the coronal-to-apical microleakage was evaluated quantitatively using a glucose leakage model. The leaked glucose concentration was measured with spectrophotometer at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days. Data were recorded ad mmol/L and statistically analysed with the two-way ANOVA and Duncan test (p = 0.05). Results: Throughout the experimental period Tubuli-seal/WET (Group 9) showed the highest mean cumulative glucose penetration (178.75 mmol/L), whereas AH plus/DRY (Group 4) had the least (20.78 mmol/L). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that the moisture condition of root canals at the time of obturation and the type of sealer that was used had a significant effect on leakage and sealing ability. Thus drying procedure according to sealer types is a critical step and should not be missed in endodontic treatment. 연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 수종의 sealer를 이용하여 각기 다른 양의 잔여수분이 존재하는 근관을 충전 시, 근관충전의 sealing ability를 glucose leakage model로 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 발치된 90개의 단근치를 치관부를 잘라내고 #45 / 0.06 taper까지 확대한 후, 12개의 실험군 (n = 7)과 2개의 대조군 (n = 3)으로 나누었다. 실험군을 3가지 습윤 상태에서 (a, DRY; b, PAPER POINT DRY; c, WET) 4종류의 sealer로 (Group 1-3: Sealapex; Group 4-6: AH plus; Group 7-9: Tubuli-seal; Group 10-12: EndoRez), warm vertical compaction method를 이용해 충전하였다. 37˚C, 습도 100%에서 7일 동안 보관하고 glucose leakage model을 이용하여 치관부로부터 치근부 방향의 미세누출을 정량화하였다. 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30일 째 누출된 glucose의 농도를 spectrophotometer로 측정하였다. 결과: 관찰기간 동안 AH plus/DRY군 (Group 4)이 12개 그룹 중 가장 적은 양의 leakage를 보였다 (20.78 mmol/L). 반면에 Tubuli-seal/WET군 (Group 9)이 12개 그룹 중 가장 높은 양의 leakage를 보였다 (178.75 mmol/L). 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 충전 시 근관 내의 습윤 상태와 sealer 종류가 microleakage에 유의한 영향을 미친다는 것을 입증하였다. 그러므로 sealer 종류에 따라 각기 다른 근관 건조 방법을 사용하는 것이 근관치료에서 더 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있는 방법일 것이다.

A Case Study of the Use of an In-house Oral Exam in a University English Program

Kyung Ah Yu(유경아) 언어과학회 2013 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.65

Evaluating nonnative English-speakers` English speaking ability has steadily been emphasized over the past two decades in the undergraduate English programs at Korean universities. However, there is insufficient information about how classroom-based oral exams are conducted at college level. In this study, an in-house English oral exam was used to measure students` English speaking abilities. This study examined if the evaluations of an in-house oral exam differ among teachers, and whether the oral exam measures the level of achievement of students` English speaking abilities adequately. Additionally, this study investigated how the students perceived the classroom-based oral exam. The data used included both pre-and post- test results of oral exams and survey questionnaires collected from the students. The results showed that there was no significant mean difference among teachers, which indicates teachers scored with consistency, and the students made statistically significant progress in their speaking abilities. However, the results revealed that the students did not fully master the target course objectives. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.