아동기 가정 내 스트레스가 공동의존성에 미치는 영향 및 공동의존성과 정신병리와의 관련성

곽운환,손지욱,한규희,박철수,김장락,김붕년,김봉조,강여화,하형래 대한생물치료정신의학회 2003 생물치료정신의학 Vol.9 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 공동의존성에 영향을 미치는 아동기 가정내 스트레스 요인과 공동의존성과 다른 병리와의 연관성을 규명하고자 하였다. 더불어 특정한 질환에서의 공동의존성의 평가가 가지는 의의를 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 방 법: 연구 대상은 정상 일반인 남성집단 88명과 알코올리즘 남성 집단 76명으로 구성되어 있다. 평가도구는 본 저자가 직접 작성한 '아동기 가정내 스트레스 요인 측정용 설문'과 공동의존 척도(RPS), 간이증상 진단검사(SCL-90-R)를 사용하였다. 통계적 분석은 Mann-Whitmey test, Kruskall- Wallis test, Multiple linear regression analysis, Spearman correlation analysis를 이용하였다. 결 과: 1) 정상 일반인 군과 알코올리즘 군의 공동의존성 평균값은 각각 49.12점(표준편차=15.41)과 88.31점(표준편차=17.48)이었다. 2) 정상 일반인 군에서는 '아동기 부모 사별'(p<0.01) '부모의 알코올리즘'(p<0.01) '부모의 상습적 구타'(p<0.01)의 3가지 요인에서, 알코올리즘 군에서는 '어린시절 부모 사별'(p<0.01) '부모의 알코올리즘'(p<0.01) '부모의 상습적 구타'(p<0.01) '부도의 도박'(p<0.01) '사회 병질자 부모의 존재'(p<0.05)의 5가지 요인에서 스트레스 유무에 따라 공동의존성에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3) 두 집단 동시에 SCR-90-R의 8개 소척도 중 '대인관계 예민성'이 공동의존성과 가장 높은 연관성(rs>0.06, p<0.01)을 보였다. 이외에도 '우울증' '불안증'등이 두 집단 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 결 론: 본 연구는 부모의 알코올리즘뿐만 아니라 여러 가정 내 스트레스 요인이 공동의존성의 발생에 영향을 미칠 수 있음과 공동의존성이 높은 집단이 다른 정신과 질환을 동반할 가능성이 높음을 증명한다고 할 수 있다. Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of codependency with family stressors in childhood and psychopathology. Methods : Subjects were a group of 88 normal adult males and a group of 76 alcoholic males. The degree of codependency was assessed with the Korean version of Recovery Potential Survey(RPS). All subjects filled out questionnaires regarding demographic information and family stressors. The psychopathology was measured by self-administred questionnaires using Symptom Check List-90-Revision(SCL-90-R). Results : 1) There were no significant differences in codependency levels by sociodemographic characteristics in two groups, but obvious difference in mean of codependency scores(normal group : 49.12±15.41, alcoholism group : 88.31±17.48). 2) There were significant differences in codependency levels between the presence and absence of parental physical abuse, parental death, and parental alcoholism(p<0.01) in both groups. 3) Among family stressors, parental physical abuse had the largest contribution to codependency level in multiple linear regression. 4) There were significant correlations between the codependency levels and the scores of SCL-90-R's subscales of interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and anxiety in both groups. Conclusion : The codependency levels were related to some family stressors such as parental physical abuse, parental death, and parental alcoholism and the high-level codependency was correlated with higher level of psychopathology in both normal and alcoholism group. These results suggested that various family stressors, as well as parental alcoholism may be predictors of codependency, and codependency also may be a predictor of other psychiatric disorders.

충청북도 괴산군 야초지의 토양과 식생과의 관계

朴奉奎,郭玉子 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1977 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.19 No.-

충청북도 괴산군 3개 지소 야초지의 토양 요인(지형, 토성, 토양 함수량, 토양 염류, 토양 유기질) 및 식물체 무기 성분의 함량과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. This report is an attempt to study the relationship between soil and vegetation in native grasslands. The research was carried on from May 1976 to July 1976. The results from it are: (1) The grassland vegetation was dominated by Trifolium repens Linne in Cheong-cheon-Ri, Festuca ovina Linne in Yeontan-Ri, and Arundinella hirta Tanaka in Tabseon-Ri. (2) The standing crop was 98.15 g/m^2 in Yeontan-Ri, and 67.80 g/m^2 to 163.74 g/m^2 in Tabseon-Ri. (3) The daily productivity in Cheong-cheon-Ri showed 3.10 g/m^2, which was the highest of the three sites. (4) The daily productivity in Yeontan-Ri was 2.66 g/m^2. (5) The daily productivity in Tabseon-Ri showed 2.28 g/m^2, which was the lowest of the three sites. (6) The above results prove that soil fertility was closely related to topographical features(especially slope), the surrounding vegetation and mother rock. It is also known that, by dint of these factors, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, water content, ignition loss and cation exchange capacity of the soil influenced greatly the productivity upon. (7) Plants in fertile soil were apt to have more inorganic components than those in sterile soil. (8) The characteristics of the content of ignorganic components were as follows: The contents of SiO_2 in Poaceae and nitrogen in Fabaceae were much higher than those of other components. (9) Poaceae and Fabaceae in these sites, though they were native grasses, were considered that they had sufficient nutrient value for fodder, because they had more inorganic components than cultured in the pasture.

알코올 의존 환자에서 금주시간에 따른 갈망 정도와 Leptin, ACTH, Cortisol 혈중 농도의 변화와 상관 관계

김봉조,변기욱,한규희,손진욱,박철수,곽욱환 대한생물치료정신의학회 2002 생물치료정신의학 Vol.8 No.1

胎盤組織 AMP Deaminase에 關한 硏究

金鳳華,郭相太,林圭 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.2

AMP deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) has been purified from human placenta approx imately 3,450fold by combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, phosphocellulose chromatography and hydroxyapatite chromatography, and then its properties have been investigated. The enzyme showed a sharp pH optimum at 5.8, and was heat-labile inactivated by heat tre tment at 60℃ for 2 minutes. The enzyme activity increased by 2 mM Ca^2+ Mg^2+, Mn^2+ Co^2+, but it was inhibited by 2 mM of Cu^2+ completely. Kinetic analysis of the enzyme in the presence of 0.25 mM Cu^2+ showed that the inhibition to the enzyme was noncompetitive considering that Km was constant and V max was decreased. The apparent Kra value for AMP was 1.25 × 10 exp(-3) M. The enzyme deaminated 5'-AMP, but not 3'-AMP, 5'-ATP, 5'-dAMP, adenine or adenosine. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by 0.4 mM of p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid, but 60% of activity was recovered in adding of 10 mM mercaptoethanol. From the above results, AMP deaminase from human placenta is characterized the some pro perties and compared with that of the other tissues.

Calpeptin Blocks Myogenic Time-dependent Loss of Cytoskeletal Proteins and Membrane Fusion of Chick Embryonic Myoblasts

Kwak, Kyu Bong,Kim, Hye Sun,Jeon, Young Ju,Park, Young Soon,Chung, Chin Ha,Ha, Doo Bong 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.2

배양 근원세포의 세포 골격 단백질의 양이 분화과정에 다라 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 세포 골격 단백질의 분해는, 세포막에 투과성을 나타내는 calpain의 저해제인 calpeptin(benzyloxycarbony-Leu-nLeu-H)의 처리에 의하여 억제될 수 있었다. 또한, calpeptin은 특정 세포 골격 단백질의 분해를 제한적으로 억제하였으나, 전체적인 세포 단백질의 양상에는 별 영향을 주지 않았다. 뿐만 아니라, calpeptin은 농도 의존적으로 근원세포의 융합을 억제하였다. 반면에, calpain의 강력한 저해제이지만 세포막에 투과성을 보이지 않는 E-64는 세포 골격 단백질의 분해와 막 융합에 아무런 효과를 나타내지 못하였다. 이러한 결과는 calpain이 근세포 분화 시기에 따라 세포 골격 단백질의 분해를 촉매하며, 이 분해 과정은 근원세포 융합에 필연적인 것으로 추측된다. 또한, 이 결과는 calpain 저해제들의 선별적 효과가 그들의 세포막에 대한 투과성에 기인함을 시사한다. The protein level of cytoskeletons in cultured myoblasts was found to gradually decrease during the course of myogenesis. This decrease, however, could be prevented by treating the cells with calpeptin(benzyloxycarbonyl-Leu-nLeu-H), a cell penetrating inhibitor of calpain. In contrast, E-64, which also is potent inhibitor of calpain but can not be transported into the cells, showed little or no effect. In addition, the treatment of calpeptin was found to stabilize a number of specific cytoskeletal proteins from degradation but without any effect on the pattern of total cells proteins. Furthermore, calpeptin, but not E-64, blocked myoblast fusion in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that calpain is responsible for the myogenic time-dependent loss of cytoskeletal proteins and that the degradative process is associated with myoblast fusion. These results also suggest that the differential effect of the calpain inhibitors depend on the permeability of the drugs across the cell membrane.

Artemisia Extract Suppresses NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasome Activation by Inhibition of ASC Phosphorylation

Kwak, Su-Bin,Koppula, Sushruta,In, Eun-Jung,Sun, Xiao,Kim, Young-Kyu,Kim, Myong-Ki,Lee, Kwang-Ho,Kang, Tae-Bong Carfax 2018 MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION Vol.2018 No.1

Precision Transition of Bicelle to Liposome as Carriers of a Hydrophilic Biologically Active Compound by Microfluidic Mixing Integrated Micro-structure

Bong Su Kang,Sunghak Choi,Shogo Taguchi,Keishi Suga,Hiroshi Umakoshi,Keesung Kim,Moon Kyu Kwak,Hosup Jung 한국정밀공학회 2024 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.11 No.2

Although a microfluidic technique for vesicle synthesis has drawn attention in the biomedical field due to its superiority in size control and monodispersity, it has suffered from the extraction of residual solvent. Previous studies attempted the solvent-free microfluidic method using the bicelle-to-vesicle transition, but only a limited size of vesicles was obtained with low membrane properties on account of inefficient mixing. In this paper, we suggest the solvent-free and non-stimulus method for the vesicle preparation using a microfluidic chip with different types of mixing structures, among which the tilted-type structure performed an efficient mixing. With this micromixer, lipid vesicles can be continuously obtained at high yields by diluting bicelle solutions composed of DMPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and DHPC (1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). After passing through the microfluidic chip, DMPC bilayer domain coalesced and formed vesicle, while DHPC could dissolve into an aqueous phase. The membrane properties of the vesicles exhibited a highly ordered phase, indicating that DHPCs were removed from transitioned vesicles after dilution in a microfluidic chip. Moreover, by controlling the dilution ratio, vesicles of various sizes ranging from 90 to 480 nm with an enhanced monodispersity can be obtained without any additional process.

The Survival of Paid Broadcasting Channels in Korea, 1993-2010

( Kyu Tae Kwak ),( Kyung Hee Song ),( Soo Kyung Park ),( Bong Gyou Lee ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.2

This study investigates the decisive factors affecting the survival or collapse of cable networks in the Korean paid broadcasting market from 1993 to 2010. The effects of performance variables discussed in previous studies were verified through survival analyses. According to the results, the most influential factors in the survival of cable networks were horizontal integration (MPP), channel genre, the scheduling of HDTV content, and the proportion of access program scheduling. These findings imply that the differentiation strategy of content suppliers is the most decisive factor among all business performance-related factors. Specifically, the content supply power and strategy of the program provider (PP) have the greatest influence on cable network viability. The present study is meaningful as the first attempt to establish the performance of PPs in Korean pay broadcasting markets through the viewpoint of organizational mortality. Accordingly, the present study can supplement the results of cross-sectional studies conducted with smaller samples.

Anti-σ factor YlaD regulates transcriptional activity of σ factor YlaC and sporulation via manganese-dependent redox-sensing molecular switch in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

Kwak, Min-Kyu,Ryu, Han-Bong,Song, Sung-Hyun,Lee, Jin-Won,Kang, Sa-Ouk Portland Press Ltd. 2018 Biochemical journal Vol.475 No.13

<P>YlaD, a membrane-anchored anti-sigma (sigma) factor of Bacillus subtilis, contains a HX3CXXC motif that functions as a redox-sensing domain and belongs to one of the zinc (Zn)-co-ordinated anti-sigma factor families. Despite previously showing that the YlaC transcription is controlled by YlaD, experimental evidence of how the YlaC-YlaD interaction is affected by active cysteines and/or metal ions is lacking. Here, we showed that the P-yla promoter is autoregulated solely by YlaC. Moreover, reduced YlaD contained Zn and iron, while oxidized YlaD did not. Cysteine substitution in YlaD led to changes in its secondary structure; Cys3 had important structural functions in YlaD, and its mutation caused dissociation from YlaC, indicating the essential requirement of a HX3CXXC motif for regulating interactions of YlaC with YlaD. Analyses of the far-UV CD spectrum and metal content revealed that the addition of Mn ions to Zn-YlaD changed its secondary structure and that iron was substituted for manganese (Mn). The ylaC gene expression using beta Glu activity from P-yla:gusA was observed at the late-exponential and early-stationary phase, and the ylaC-overexpressing mutant constitutively expressed gene transcripts of clpP and sigH, an important alternative s factor regulated by ClpXP. Collectively, our data demonstrated that YlaD senses redox changes and elicits increase in Mn ion concentrations and that, in turn, YlaD-mediated transcriptional activity of YlaC regulates sporulation initiation under oxidative stress and Mn-substituted conditions by regulating clpP gene transcripts. This is the first report of the involvement of oxidative stress-responsive B. subtilis extracytoplasmic function s factors during sporulation via a Mn-dependent redox-sensing molecular switch.</P>

The Sustainability of Korean Management in Global Market: Competitive Strategy and Performance in Korean ICT Industry

( Kyu Tae Kwak ),( Youngjoon Cheon ),( Bong Gyou Lee ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.3

ICT contents market is globally considered as an industry of high added value, where sustainability is accomplished through stories that cover wide range of consumers. However, the need for long-term internationalization strategy is growing as countless number of applications and games has pushed the local market to its limit. Thus, this research explored on the industrial characteristics and the internationalization of ICT contents firms through acquisition of competency. Based on Resource Dependence theory, the authors studied how pursuit of legitimacy and autonomy functioned in the expansion process of ICT contents firms. A survey analysis of 212 key decision makers of Korean ICT content firms were performed, to reveal that resource environment and interdependence must undergo a thorough consideration.