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Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea: Sequencing a Myriad of Type Strains
Kyrpides, Nikos C.,Hugenholtz, Philip,Eisen, Jonathan A.,Woyke, Tanja,Gö,ker, Markus,Parker, Charles T.,Amann, Rudolf,Beck, Brian J.,Chain, Patrick S. G.,Chun, Jongsik,Colwell, Rita R.,Danchin, An Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS biology Vol.12 No.8
<▼1><P>This manuscript calls for an international effort to generate a comprehensive catalog from genome sequences of all the archaeal and bacterial type strains.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Microbes hold the key to life. They hold the secrets to our past (as the descendants of the earliest forms of life) and the prospects for our future (as we mine their genes for solutions to some of the planet's most pressing problems, from global warming to antibiotic resistance). However, the piecemeal approach that has defined efforts to study microbial genetic diversity for over 20 years and in over 30,000 genome projects risks squandering that promise. These efforts have covered less than 20% of the diversity of the cultured archaeal and bacterial species, which represent just 15% of the overall known prokaryotic diversity. Here we call for the funding of a systematic effort to produce a comprehensive genomic catalog of all cultured Bacteria and Archaea by sequencing, where available, the type strain of each species with a validly published name (currently∼11,000). This effort will provide an unprecedented level of coverage of our planet's genetic diversity, allow for the large-scale discovery of novel genes and functions, and lead to an improved understanding of microbial evolution and function in the environment.</P></▼2>
Giant viruses with an expanded complement of translation system components
Schulz, Frederik,Yutin, Natalya,Ivanova, Natalia N.,Ortega, Davi R.,Lee, Tae Kwon,Vierheilig, Julia,Daims, Holger,Horn, Matthias,Wagner, Michael,Jensen, Grant J.,Kyrpides, Nikos C.,Koonin, Eugene V.,W American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2017 Science Vol.356 No.6333
<P>The discovery of giant viruses blurred the sharp division between viruses and cellular life. Giant virus genomes encode proteins considered as signatures of cellular organisms, particularly translation system components, prompting hypotheses that these viruses derived from a fourth domain of cellular life. Here we report the discovery of a group of giant viruses (Klosneuviruses) in metagenomic data. Compared with other giant viruses, the Klosneuviruses encode an expanded translation machinery, including aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases with specificities for all 20 amino acids. Notwithstanding the prevalence of translation system components, comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of these genes indicates that Klosneuviruses did not evolve from a cellular ancestor but rather are derived from a much smaller virus through extensive gain of host genes.</P>