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Kyeong-Ryeol Lee,Kong Sik Shin,Seok Cheol Suh,Ki Young Kim,Yong Hee Jeon,Beom Seok Park,김주곤,Soon-Jong Kweon,Yeon-Hee Lee 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.4
The insecticidal toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is one of the most commonly used in the development of genetically modified (GM) crops. In this research, we analyzed Bt rice showing lepidopteran pestresistance. The Bt gene is a synthetic Cry1Ac composed of optimal codons for plants, and the Bt protein is targeted to the chloroplast by a transit peptide. Three Cry1Ac rice events (C103-3, C127-1, and C7-1) were analyzed for molecular characterization. C103-3 contains two copies of T-DNA where the left border (LB) region is truncated. Both C7-1 and C127-1 have a single copy of T-DNA, but a part of the vector backbone DNA is inserted into the genome of C127-1; thus, only C7-1 had intact T-DNA. Progenies of C7-1 crossed with the original cultivar, Nakdong, and double-haploid lines from anther culture of lines crossed with the elite cultivar, Dongjin, were analyzed for T-DNA flanking genomic DNA and genotyping. Results showed that an intact T-DNA region without the vector backbone was inserted into the genome and was stably inherited through generations. The C7-1 homozygous event could be used as breeding material to develop GM rice with pest resistance.
Lee, Kyeong-Ryeol,Kim, Eun-Ha,Jeon, Inhwa,Lee, Yongjik,Chen, Grace Q.,Kim, Hyun Uk Elsevier 2019 INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS Vol.134 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Lesquerella (<I>Physaria fendleri</I>) contains a major unusual hydroxy fatty acid, lesquerolic acid (14-hydroxy-eicos-cis-11-enoic acid, C20:1-OH), at 55–60% of seed oil which has industrial value. The remaining seed oil comprises mainly common fatty acids including α-linolenic acid (octadec-<I>cis</I>-9,12,15-enoic acid, C18:3) at 10.7–15.8%. C18:3 is produced from linoleic acid (octadec-cis-9,12-enoic acid, C18:2) by FATTY ACID DESATURASE3. Previous seed transcriptome analysis uncovers two fatty acid desaturase 3 <I>(FAD3</I>) transcripts, <I>PfFAD3-1</I> and <I>PfFAD3-2</I>. To determine the activity of PfFAD3-1 and PfFAD3-2, <I>PfFAD3-1</I> and <I>PfFAD3-2</I> were introduced into an Arabidopsis FAD3-deficient mutant (<I>fad3-2</I>) which has reduced C18:3 from 20.0% in wild-type to 1.6% in <I>fad3-2</I>. Among 20 T<SUB>2</SUB> transgenic lines expression <I>PfFAD3-1</I>, C18:3 increased variably from 2.5 to 29.9% demonstrating that <I>PfFAD3-1</I> acted as a functional FAD3. Among 32 T<SUB>2</SUB> transgenic lines expressing <I>PfFAD3-2</I>, C18:3 content ranged from 1.0 to 3.6%, showing that PfFAD3-2 failed to recover the loss of C18:3 in <I>fad3-2</I>. Sequence comparison among known FAD3s revealed putative variation in PfFAD3-2 which might cause the absence of PfFAD3-2. In addition, lesquerella accumulates a minor hydroxy fatty acid, densipolic acid (12-hydroxy-octadec-cis-9,15-enoic acid, C18:2OH) at about 1%. C18:2OH has been shown to be produced by a FAD3 in Arabidopsis (AtFAD3) using ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid, 18:1-OH) as substrate. To test if either of PfFAD3s is able to convert C18:1-OH to C18:2-OH, <I>PfFAD3-1</I> or <I>PfFAD3-2</I> was transferred into a CL37 Arabidopsis which already expresses a castor (<I>Ricinus communis</I>) fatty acid hrdroxylase <I>FAH12</I> gene (<I>RcFAH12</I>) and consequently accumulates C18:1-OH and C18:2-OH at 13.7% and 3.4%, respectively. Among 43 transgenic CL37 lines expressing <I>PfFAD3-1</I>, C18:2-OH level varied from 0.2 to 7.2%, and four of these lines exceeded to the background level of 3.4% in CL37. Whereas among 23 transgenic CL37 lines expressing <I>PfFAD3-2</I>, C18:2-OH level ranged from 0.4 to 3.4%, none exceeding 3.4%. The results consist with our notion that <I>PfFAD3-1</I>, not <I>PfFAD3-2</I>, exerts FAD3 function which includes converting C18:1-OH to C18:2-OH. Factors limiting PfFAD3s function in CL37 are discussed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Lesquerella PfFAD3-1 gene encodes a functional fatty acid desaturase 3 enzyme. </LI> <LI> PfFAD3-1 desaturates linoleic acid and ricinoleic acid in Arabidopsis. </LI> <LI> Lesquerella PfFAD3-2 protein is intact but does not possess fatty acid desaturase 3 activity. </LI> <LI> PfFAD3-1 may be utilized for future basic and applied research to develop new oilseeds. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee, Kyeong-Ryeol,Chen, Grace Q,Kim, Hyun Uk Springer 2015 Plant cell reports Vol.34 No.4
<P>Hydroxy fatty acids produced in plant seed oil are important industrial material. This review focuses on the use of metabolic engineering approaches for the production of hydroxy fatty acids in transgenic plants. Vegetable oil is not only edible but can also be used for industrial purposes. The industrial demand for vegetable oil will increase with the continued depletion of fossil fuels and ensuing environmental issues such as climate change, caused by increased carbon dioxide in the air. Some plants accumulate high levels of unusual fatty acids in their seeds, and these fatty acids (FAs) have properties that make them suitable for industrial applications. Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) are some of the most important of these industrial FAs. Castor oil is the conventional source of HFA. However, due to the presence of toxin ricin in its seeds, castor is not cultivated on a large scale. Lesquerella is another HFA accumulator and is currently being developed as a new crop for a safe source of HFAs. The mechanisms of HFA synthesis and accumulation have been extensively studied using castor genes and the model plant Arabidopsis. HFAs accumulated to 17% in the seed oil of Arabidopsis expressing a FA hydroxylase gene from castor (RcFAH12), but its seed oil content and plant growth decreased. When RcFAH12 gene was coexpressed with additional castor gene(s) in Arabidopsis, ~30% HFAs were accumulated and the seed oil content and plant growth was almost restored to the wild-type level. Further advancement of our understanding of pathways, genes and regulatory mechanisms underlying synthesis and accumulation of HFAs is essential to developing and implementing effective genetic approaches for enhancing HFA production in oilseeds.</P>
Enhanced Transparency for Physical Human-Robot Interaction Using Human Hand Impedance Compensation
Lee, Kyeong Ha,Baek, Seung Guk,Lee, Hyuk Jin,Choi, Hyouk Ryeol,Moon, Hyungpil,Koo, Ja Choon IEEE 2018 IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics Vol.23 No.6
<P>In a physical human-robot interaction (pHRi) system, improving transparency that allows humans to move as if there is no robot is a challenging topic. In general pHRi, usage of the multiaxial force sensor for robot control is the norm. However, the signal measured from the force sensor contains not only the force applied to the robot by the human motion intention but also the influence of the natural force feedback between the robot and the human hand produced by the robot motion. Therefore, in order to improve the transparency, it is necessary to characterize the dynamics of the human hand as well as the dynamics of the robot. In this paper, an algorithm to improve the transparency is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses only a multiaxial force sensor and compensates the natural force feedback by using the human hand impedance. And it further improves the transparency of the pHRi system, which has a limitation adjusting admittance parameters. In order to verify the algorithm, a device that can measure the impedance of the human hand is introduced, and a system model analysis and experiments using the hydraulic upper limb exoskeleton are carried out.</P>
High-oleic oilseed rapes developed with seed-specific suppression of FAD2 gene expression
Lee, Kyeong-Ryeol,Kim, Eun-Ha,Roh, Kyung Hee,Kim, Jong-Bum,Kang, Han-Chul,Go, Young Sam,Suh, Mi Chung,Kim, Hyun Uk The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.4
Vegetable oil is not only important for its edibility but for industrial purposes. High-oleic vegetable oil is especially useful for making biodiesel because it is highly stable against oxidation. Transgenic oilseed crops with modified fatty acid compositions have been developed with several biotechnological gene-silencing methods. The seed oils with the most successfully altered fatty acid compositions are produced from high-oleic oilseed crops in which FAD2 gene expression is suppressed. Vegetable oil from oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is one of the most commonly used vegetable oils throughout the world and its oleic acid content is moderately high (about 65 %). Therefore, oilseed rape can be modified to produce high-oleic oilseed crops. Oilseed rape has four FAD2 genes, originating from B. rapa and B. oleracea, with nucleotide identities of 88-97 %. To produce transgenic high-oleic oilseed rape, plant transformation vectors were constructed using antisense RNA and RNA interference (RNAi) to modify the BrFAD2-1 gene, and canola-type cultivar Youngsan was transformed with Agrobacterium carrying the vectors. The transgenic lines generated, AS9A, HP15, and HPAS29, showed high-oleic phenotypes, which were stably inherited. Their oleic acid contents increased from 67 (Youngsan) to 78, 85, and 86 %, respectively, and their polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents decreased from 24 (Youngsan) to 13, 8, and 6 %, respectively. HPAS29, developed with a combined antisense RNA-RNAi method, produced seed oil with the highest oleic acid and lowest PUFA contents. These transgenic high-oleic oilseed rapes could be useful in the manufacture of high-temperature frying oils and high-quality biodiesel fuel.
고밀도 3D 형상 계측 시스템에서의 고속 시차 추정을 위한 NCC 알고리즘 기반 하드웨어 구조
배경렬 ( Kyeong Ryeol Bae ),권순 ( Soon Kwon ),이용환 ( Yong Hwan Lee ),이종훈 ( Jong Hun Lee ),문병인 ( Byung In Moon ) 한국센서학회 2010 센서학회지 Vol.19 No.2
This paper proposes an efficient hardware architecture to estimate disparities between 2D images for generating 3D depth images in a stereo vision system. Stereo matching methods are classified into global and local methods. The local matching method uses the cost functions based on pixel windows such as SAD(sum of absolute difference), SSD(sum of squared difference) and NCC(normalized cross correlation). The NCC-based cost function is less susceptible to differences in noise and lighting condition between left and right images than the subtraction-based functions such as SAD and SSD, and for this reason, the NCC is preferred to the other functions. However, software-based implementations are not adequate for the NCC-based real-time stereo matching, due to its numerous complex operations. Therefore, we propose a fast pipelined hardware architecture suitable for real-time operations of the NCC function. By adopting a block-based box-filtering scheme to perform NCC operations in parallel, the proposed architecture improves processing speed compared with the previous researches. In this architecture, it takes almost the same number of cycles to process all the pixels, irrespective of the window size. Also, the simulation results show that its disparity estimation has low error rate.